scholarly journals Recent Advances of Photocatalytic Application in Water Treatment: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Guangmin Ren ◽  
Hongtao Han ◽  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
Sitong Liu ◽  
Jianyong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Photocatalytic Application ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Performance Challenges

Photocatalysis holds great promise as an efficient and sustainable oxidation technology for application in wastewater treatment. Rapid progress developing novel materials has propelled photocatalysis to the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatments. This review presents the latest progress on applications of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Our focus is on strategies for improving performance. Challenges and outlooks in this promising field are also discussed. We hope this review will help researchers design low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts for water treatment.

Preparation and Application of Polymer-Metal Oxide Nanocomposites in Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Victor Odhiambo Shikuku ◽  
Wilfrida N. Nyairo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

The search for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies is a subject of continuing research. This is due to the emergence of new classes of water contaminants that are recalcitrant to the conventional wastewater treatment technologies and the stringent allowable limits for contaminant levels set by environmental management authorities. The chapter discusses the developments in synthesis methods and application of polymer-metal oxides as emerging facile materials for wastewater treatment. The varying uses of polymer-metal oxides for different processes in water treatment under varying operational conditions and their performance for different pollutants are critically analyzed. Their strengths and inherent limitations are also highlighted. The chapter demonstrates that polymer-metal oxides are facile low-cost and efficient materials and can be integrated in wastewater and drinking water treatment systems.

Simple approaches towards the design of an attached-growth sponge bioreactor (AGSB) for wastewater treatment and reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Ngo ◽  
M.C. Nguyen ◽  
N.G. Sangvikar ◽  
T.T.L. Hoang ◽  
W.S. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency ◽  
Selection Of

Wastewater treatment and reuse is being emphasized due to the shortage of water sources and the continuous deterioration of the aquatic environment. In this study, a novel sponge bioreactor was studied as a low cost, high efficiency alternative for an attached growth biological system. This was designed by combining of number of sponge trays. This emerging technology has many beneficial properties in wastewater treatment and reuse. The approaches towards the conditions for system design were: (i) selection of sponge types; (ii) selection of sponge shapes; and (iii) selection of designated slope of sponge tray. They were determined through a series of experiments using a laboratory-scale unit with synthetic wastewater. It was then tested with a pilot-scale unit at the predetermined optimum conditions. The results indicate that the highest biomass growth was found at the sponge type with a cell count of 70–90 cells/in2 (6.45 cm2) The relationship between biomass growth and biological oxygen consumption was well established. The prism-shaped sponge (triangular polyurethane sponge of 70–90 cells/in2 with designated slope of sponge tray at 10 degrees) led to the best performance in terms of both organic and nutrient removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in TiO2-Based Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction With Water Oxidation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Li ◽  
Chao Teng ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Qianhao Min
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Recent Advances

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into solar fuels has gained increasing attention due to its great potential for alleviating the energy and environmental crisis at the same time. The low-cost TiO2 with suitable band structure and high resistibility to light corrosion has proven to be very promising for photoreduction of CO2 using water as the source of electrons and protons. However, the narrow spectral response range (ultraviolet region only) as well as the rapid recombination of photo-induced electron-hole pairs within pristine TiO2 results in the low utilization of solar energy and limited photocatalytic efficiency. Besides, its low selectivity toward photoreduction products of CO2 should also be improved. Combination of TiO2 with other photoelectric active materials, such as metal oxide/sulfide semiconductors, metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanostructures, for the construction of well-defined heterostructures can enhance the quantum efficiency significantly by promoting visible light adsorption, facilitating charge transfer and suppressing the recombination of charge carriers, resulting in the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the composite photocatalytic system. In addition, the adsorption and activation of CO2 on these heterojunctions are also promoted, therefore enhancing the turnover frequency (TOF) of CO2 molecules, so as to the improved selectivity of photoreduction products. This review focus on the recent advances of photocatalytic CO2 reduction via TiO2-based heterojunctions with water oxidation. The rational design, fabrication, photocatalytic performance and CO2 photoreduction mechanisms of typical TiO2-based heterojunctions, including semiconductor-semiconductor (S-S), semiconductor-metal (S-M), semiconductor-carbon group (S-C) and multicomponent heterojunction are reviewed and discussed. Moreover, the TiO2-based phase heterojunction and facet heterojunction are also summarized and analyzed. In the end, the current challenges and future prospects of the TiO2-based heterostructures for photoreduction of CO2 with high efficiency, even for practical application are discussed.

A Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Solution for Sugar Factory Waste Water Treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. von der Emde ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Treated Effluent

The main goals for the design of waste water treatment plants are high efficiency, high operational reliability and minimal costs. The challenge to have very low investment costs especially exists for industrial plants which are only in operation for several months every year as e.g. in the beet sugar industry in Central Europe. A case study of an Austrian sugar factory treatment plant shows that using very simple and low-cost structures does not affect the efficiency of the treatment. This factory is also one of the rare cases where biologically treated effluent is recirculated to reduce fresh water consumption. Special emphasis is put on the start-up process, the influence of shock loadings in the influent, and design and operation of the plant.

Recent advances in high efficiency, low-cost GaAs solar cells

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C.C. Fan ◽  
C.O. Bozler ◽  
R.P. Gale ◽  
R.W. McClelland ◽  
R.L. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Recent Advances

Forming Ceramic Coating on Al2024 by Scanning Micro-Arc Oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xiang Lv ◽  
Shi Chun Di ◽  
Guan Xin Chi ◽  
Dong Bo Wei ◽  
Jin Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Valve Metals ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Machine Parts

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a novel technique to deposit ceramic coatings on the surface of valve metals such as Al, Mg, Ti and their alloys. The oxide films prepared by this technique have a dense structure, high adhesion and excellent integrated mechanical properties. This technique is especially suitable for the surface treatment of machine parts that work at high speed and have a higher demand for resistance to wear and corrosion. There have been many studies in this field in the last few years. The development of micro-arc oxidation and its applications in industrial field was reviewed. Based on conventional micro-arc oxidation, an innovative scanning micro-arc oxidation technology with visible advantages was developed in this paper. Moreover, verification experiment on scanning micro-arc oxidation was carried out, and the experimental results suggested that scanning micro-arc oxidation could be conduced at a high efficiency but low cost way. At last, the effects of scanning times on film thickness were discussed.

Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 Directed Base Editing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Liu ◽  
Lifang Zhou ◽  
Junyan , Qu ◽  
Shaohua Yao
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Genomic Editing

: Recently, CRISPR based techniques had significantly improved our ability to make desired changes and regulations in various genomes. Among them, targeted base editing is one of the most powerful techniques in making precise genomic editing. Base editing enabled irreversible conversion of specific single DNA base, from C to T or and from A to G, in desired genomic loci. This technique has important implications in the study of human genetic diseases, considering that many of them resulted from point mutations. More importantly, high efficiency of those editing tools also provided great promise in clinical applications. In this review, we discuss recent progress and challenges of base editing tools.

Research on the Experimental Device of Combined Two-Phase ABR and SBR

2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 677-681
Author(s):  
Ling Jing ◽  
Xin Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Two Phase

With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production in China, the industrial waste water and city wastewater discharged to water environment are increasing. Anaerobic biological treatment is a low-cost wastewater treatment technology and is also a combined technology of the wastewater treatment and energy recovery, it can be used as a core part of energy production and environmental protection system, its product can be actively used to result economic value. After in-depth and systematically study the mechanism and mass transfer theory of anaerobic biological treatment technology, this paper designs anaerobic reactor of high efficiency in mass transfer, namely the anaerobic baffled - elastic packing biofilm reactor.

scholarly journals Competitive Adsorption of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Nanoparticles of Water Treatment Residual

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Elkhatib ◽  
Ahmed Mahdy ◽  
Fatma Sherif ◽  
Walaa Elshemy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Treatment Residuals ◽  
Surface Complexes ◽  
Heavy Metals Removal ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Wastewater Samples

There is increasing interest in using water treatment residuals (WTRs) for heavy metals removal from wastewater due to their low cost, availability, and high efficiency in removing various pollutants. In this study, novel water treatment residuals nanoparticles (nWTRs) were prepared using high energy ball milling and used for efficient removal of Cd(II) in single- and multi-ion systems. The WTR nanoparticles demonstrated high removal efficiency for Cd from aqueous solution as the adsorption capacities of nWTR were 17 and 10 times higher than those of bulk WTR in single- and multielement systems, respectively. Noticeably, Cd(II) adsorption was clearly suppressed in the multi-ion system as Cu and Pb form the most stable monohydroxo complexes. Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) analyses suggested the participation of OH−, O-Al-O, FeOH, and FeOOH entities in the adsorption process. The stability of Cd-nWTR surface complexes is evident as less than 0. 2% of adsorbed Cd(ll) was released at the highest Cd(II) concentration load after 4 consecutive desorption cycles. Moreover, the real efficiency of nWTR for Cd(II) removal from wastewater samples studied was calculated to be 98.35%. These results highlight the potential of nWTR for heavy metals removal from wastewater.

scholarly journals A Review on Microbial Electrocatalysis Systems Coupled with Membrane Bioreactor to Improve Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Kakade ◽  
Kulshreshtha ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Microbial Electrocatalysis

Microbial electrocatalysis is an electro reaction that uses microorganisms as a biocatalyst, mainly including microbial electrolytic cells (MEC) and microbial fuel cells (MFC), which has been used for wastewater treatment. However, the low processing efficiency is the main drawback for its practical application and the additional energy input of MEC system results in high costs. Recently, MFC/MEC coupled with other treatment processes, especially membrane bioreactors (MBR), has been used for high efficiency and low-cost wastewater treatment. In these systems, the wastewater treatment efficiency can be improved after two units are operated and the membrane fouling of MBR can also be alleviated by the electric energy that was generated in the MFC. In addition, the power output of MFC can also reduce the energy consumption of microbial electrocatalysis systems. This review summarizes the recent studies about microbial electrocatalysis systems coupled with MBR, describing the combination types and microorganism distribution, the advantages and limitations of the systems, and also addresses several suggestions for the future development and practical applications.

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