scholarly journals Graphene Oxide-Based Biosensors for Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Diagnosis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiue-Luen Chen ◽  
Chong-You Chen ◽  
Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh ◽  
Zih-Yu Yu ◽  
Sheng-Jen Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Detection Technologies

Liquid biopsies use blood or urine as test samples, which are able to be continuously collected in a non-invasive manner. The analysis of cancer-related biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA, and exosomes provides important information in early cancer diagnosis, tumor metastasis detection, and postoperative recurrence monitoring assist with clinical diagnosis. However, low concentrations of some tumor markers, such as CTCs, ctDNA, and microRNA, in the blood limit its applications in clinical detection and analysis. Nanomaterials based on graphene oxide have good physicochemical properties and are now widely used in biomedical detection technologies. These materials have properties including good hydrophilicity, mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and optical performance. Moreover, utilizing graphene oxide as a biosensor interface has effectively improved the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors for cancer detection. In this review, we discuss various cancer detection technologies regarding graphene oxide and discuss the prospects and challenges of this technology.

scholarly journals ABEMUS: platform-specific and data-informed detection of somatic SNVs in cfDNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2665-2674
Author(s):  
Nicola Casiraghi ◽  
Francesco Orlando ◽  
Yari Ciani ◽  
Jenny Xiang ◽  
Andrea Sboner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
R Package ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Sequencing Error ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cross Platform

Abstract Motivation The use of liquid biopsies for cancer patients enables the non-invasive tracking of treatment response and tumor dynamics through single or serial blood drawn tests. Next-generation sequencing assays allow for the simultaneous interrogation of extended sets of somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a mixture of DNA molecules originating both from normal and tumor tissue cells. However, low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fractions together with sequencing background noise and potential tumor heterogeneity challenge the ability to confidently call SNVs. Results We present a computational methodology, called Adaptive Base Error Model in Ultra-deep Sequencing data (ABEMUS), which combines platform-specific genetic knowledge and empirical signal to readily detect and quantify somatic SNVs in cfDNA. We tested the capability of our method to analyze data generated using different platforms with distinct sequencing error properties and we compared ABEMUS performances with other popular SNV callers on both synthetic and real cancer patients sequencing data. Results show that ABEMUS performs better in most of the tested conditions proving its reliability in calling low variant allele frequencies somatic SNVs in low ctDNA levels plasma samples. Availability and implementation ABEMUS is cross-platform and can be installed as R package. The source code is maintained on Github at http://github.com/cibiobcg/abemus, and it is also available at CRAN official R repository. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Nanotopographic Biomaterials for Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyi Qian ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Andrew Gordon ◽  
Weiqiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Capture And Release ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Detection Technologies

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from the primary tumor mass and circulating in the bloodstream of patients are believed to be vital to understand of cancer metastasis and progression. Capture and release of CTCs for further enumeration and molecular characterization holds the key for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy evaluation. However, detection of CTCs is challenging due to their rarity, heterogeneity and the increasing demand of viable CTCs for downstream biological analysis. Nanotopographic biomaterial-based microfluidic systems are emerging as promising tools for CTC capture with improved capture efficiency, purity, throughput and retrieval of viable CTCs. This review offers a brief overview of the recent advances in this field, including CTC detection technologies based on nanotopographic biomaterials and relevant nanofabrication methods. Additionally, the possible intracellular mechanisms of the intrinsic nanotopography sensitive responses that lead to the enhanced CTC capture are explored.

scholarly journals Current detection technologies for circulating tumor cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2038-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheyu Shen ◽  
Aiguo Wu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Current Detection ◽  
Detection Technologies

CTC detection can be used for early cancer diagnosis, earlier evaluation of cancer recurrence and chemotherapeutic efficacy, and choice of individual sensitive anti-cancer drugs.

scholarly journals A New Look into Cancer—A Review on the Contribution of Vibrational Spectroscopy on Early Diagnosis and Surgery Guidance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5336
Author(s):  
Adriana P. Mamede ◽  
Inês P. Santos ◽  
Ana L. M. Batista de Batista de Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Figueiredo ◽  
Maria C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Intraoperative Margin Assessment

In 2020, approximately 10 million people died of cancer, rendering this disease the second leading cause of death worldwide. Detecting cancer in its early stages is paramount for patients’ prognosis and survival. Hence, the scientific and medical communities are engaged in improving both therapeutic strategies and diagnostic methodologies, beyond prevention. Optical vibrational spectroscopy has been shown to be an ideal diagnostic method for early cancer diagnosis and surgical margins assessment, as a complement to histopathological analysis. Being highly sensitive, non-invasive and capable of real-time molecular imaging, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies give information on the biochemical profile of the tissue under analysis, detecting the metabolic differences between healthy and cancerous portions of the same sample. This constitutes tremendous progress in the field, since the cancer-prompted morphological alterations often occur after the biochemical imbalances in the oncogenic process. Therefore, the early cancer-associated metabolic changes are unnoticed by the histopathologist. Additionally, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies significantly reduce the subjectivity linked to cancer diagnosis. This review focuses on breast and head and neck cancers, their clinical needs and the progress made to date using vibrational spectroscopy as a diagnostic technique prior to surgical intervention and intraoperative margin assessment.

scholarly journals Epigenetically inactivated RASSF1A as a tumor biomarker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Raos ◽  
Monika Ulamec ◽  
Ana Katusic Bojanac ◽  
Floriana Bulic-Jakus ◽  
Davor Jezek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Promoter Hypermethylation ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Tumor Biomarker ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Cancer Types

RASSF1A represents one of the eight isoforms of the RASSF1 gene. RASSF1A is a tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation influences tumor initiation and development. In cancer, RASSF1A is frequently inactivated by mutations, loss of heterozygosity and, most commonly, by promoter hypermethylation. As epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A was detected in various cancer types, it was extensively investigated and nowadays, the research on RASSF1A promoter methylation proceeds in the light of an epigenetic tumor biomarker. Analyses of DNA methylation of genes involved in carcinogenesis such as RASSF1A are currently done mostly on genomic DNA (gDNA). Simultaneously, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from liquid biopsies has lately been developed as an early cancer diagnostic tool.  This review discusses the evidence on aberrantly methylated RASSF1A in gDNA and cfDNA from different cancer types and its utility for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Furthermore, methylation frequencies of RASSF1A in gDNA and cfDNA were compared in various cancer types. The weaknesses and strengths of the investigations mentioned above are discussed. In conclusion, although the importance of RASSSF1A methylation in relation to cancer was established, and it became included in several diagnostic panels, the evidence of its diagnostic utility is still experimental and not yet implemented in standard clinical health care.

Hydrothermal synthesis of core–shell structured TbPO4:Ce3+@TbPO4:Gd3+nanocomposites for magnetic resonance and optical imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (32) ◽  
pp. 12321-12328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yan Kuang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Wen-yong Hu ◽  
Yuan-zhi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Multi-modal imaging based on multifunctional nanoparticles provides deep, non-invasive and highly sensitive imaging and is a promising alternative approach that can improve the sensitivity of early cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Skin cancer detection using non-invasive techniques

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (49) ◽  
pp. 28095-28130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy ◽  
P. Padmapriya ◽  
A. Noorasafrin ◽  
B. Pooja ◽  
K. Hema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Skin Cancer Detection

Recent advances in non-invasive techniques for skin cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Ultrasensitive melanoma biomarker detection using a microchip SERS immunoassay with anisotropic Au–Ag alloy nanoboxes

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (48) ◽  
pp. 28778-28785
Author(s):  
Aswin Raj Kumar ◽  
Karthik Balaji Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Junrong Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Abu Ali Ibn Sina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Treatment Management ◽  
Non Invasive

The detection of circulating biomarkers in liquid biopsies has the potential to provide a non-invasive route for earlier cancer diagnosis and treatment management.

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