Vitamin C to Improve Organ Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery Patients—Review and Pragmatic Approach

The pleiotropic biochemical and antioxidant functions of vitamin C have sparked recent interest in its application in intensive care. Vitamin C protects important organ systems (cardiovascular, neurologic and renal systems) during inflammation and oxidative stress. It also influences coagulation and inflammation; its application might prevent organ damage. The current evidence of vitamin C’s effect on pathophysiological reactions during various acute stress events (such as sepsis, shock, trauma, burn and ischemia-reperfusion injury) questions whether the application of vitamin C might be especially beneficial for cardiac surgery patients who are routinely exposed to ischemia/reperfusion and subsequent inflammation, systematically affecting different organ systems. This review covers current knowledge about the role of vitamin C in cardiac surgery patients with focus on its influence on organ dysfunctions. The relationships between vitamin C and clinical health outcomes are reviewed with special emphasis on its application in cardiac surgery. Additionally, this review pragmatically discusses evidence on the administration of vitamin C in every day clinical practice, tackling the issues of safety, monitoring, dosage, and appropriate application strategy.

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Vitamin C to Improve Organ Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery Patients—Review and Pragmatic Approach

10.20944/preprints201806.0444.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aileen Hill ◽

Sebastian Borosch ◽

Carina Benstöm ◽

Christina Neubauer ◽

Patrick Meybohm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Vit C

The pleiotropic biochemical and antioxidant functions of Vitamin C (Vit C) have recently sparked interest in its application in intensive care. Vit C protects important organ systems such as the cardiovascular, neurologic and renal system during inflammation and oxidative stress. Vit C also influences the systems of coagulation and inflammation and its application might prevent the development of organ damage. The current evidence of Vit C’s effect on the pathophysiological reactions during various acute stress events, such as sepsis, shock, trauma, burn and ischemia-reperfusion injury imposes the question, if the application of Vit C might be especially beneficial for cardiac surgery patients, who are routinely exposed to ischemia/reperfusion and subsequent inflammation, systematically affecting different organ systems. This review covers current knowledge about the role of Vit C in cardiac surgery patients with focus on its influence on organ dysfunctions. The relationships between Vit C and clinical health outcomes are reviewed with special emphasis on its application in cardiac surgery. Additionally, this review pragmatically discusses evidence regarding the administration of Vitamin C in every day clinical practice, tackling the issues of safety, monitoring, dosage and most the appropriate application strategy.

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NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF ASCORBIC ACID: ANTIOXIDANT AND NON-ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arun Kumar ◽

Reena V Saini ◽

Adesh K Saini

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Glutamate Toxicity ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Dietary Antioxidant ◽

The Central Nervous System

Ascorbic acid (AA) or Vitamin C is an important antioxidant which participates in numerous cellular functions. Although in human plasma its concentration is in micromolars but it reaches millimolar concentrations in most of the human tissues. The high ascorbate cellular concentrations are generated and maintained by a specific sodium-dependent Vitamin C transporter type 2 (SVCT2, member of Slc23 family). Metabolic processes recycle Vitamin C from its oxidized forms (ascorbate) inside the cells. AA concentration is highest in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, and deletion of its transporter affects mice brain and overall survival. In the CNS, intracellular ascorbate serves several functions including antioxidant protection, peptide amidation, myelin formation, synaptic potentiation, and protection against glutamate toxicity. SVCT2 maintains neuronal ascorbate content in CNS which has relevance for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. As ascorbate supplements decrease infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion injury and protect neurons from oxidative damage, it is a vital dietary antioxidant. The aim of this review is to assess the role of the SVCT2 in regulating neuronal ascorbate homeostasis in CNS and the extent to which ascorbate affects brain function as an antioxidant.

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Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative Stress and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Benefits from Physical Exercises: A Review to the Current Knowledge

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/6678457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Jakub Szyller ◽

Iwona Bil-Lula

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Physical Exercises ◽

Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones produced in response to oxidative stress (OS). These proteins are involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of damaged or misfolded proteins. Recent studies have been focused on the regulatory role of HSPs in OS and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) where reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role. ROS perform many functions, including cell signaling. Unfortunately, they are also the cause of pathological processes leading to various diseases. Biological pathways such as p38 MAPK, HSP70 and Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS, HSP70, JAK2/STAT3 or PI3K/Akt/HSP70, and HSF1/Nrf2-Keap1 are considered in the relationship between HSP and OS. New pathophysiological mechanisms involving ROS are being discovered and described the protein network of HSP interactions. Understanding of the mechanisms involved, e.g., in I/R, is important to the development of treatment methods. HSPs are multifunctional proteins because they closely interact with the antioxidant and the nitric oxide generation systems, such as HSP70/HSP90/NOS. A deficiency or excess of antioxidants modulates the activation of HSF and subsequent HSP biosynthesis. It is well known that HSPs are involved in the regulation of several redox processes and play an important role in protein-protein interactions. The latest research focuses on determining the role of HSPs in OS, their antioxidant activity, and the possibility of using HSPs in the treatment of I/R consequences. Physical exercises are important in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as they affect the expression of HSPs and the development of OS.

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Protective Role of mTOR in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of Inflammation and Autophagy

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/7861290 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Jianrong Guo ◽

Jian Gu ◽

Ke Chen ◽

Huili Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Graft Function ◽

Protective Role ◽

Liver Graft ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Liver Ischemia ◽

Pathological Conditions

Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common phenomenon after liver resection and transplantation, which often results in liver graft dysfunction such as delayed graft function and primary nonfunction. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, which coordinates cell growth and metabolism through sensing environmental inputs under physiological or pathological conditions, involved in the pathophysiological process of IR injury. In this review, we mainly present current evidence of the beneficial role of mTOR in modulating inflammation and autophagy under liver IR to provide some evidence for the potential therapies for liver IR injury.

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The effect of prolactin concentration on the efficacy of storing isolated porcine kidneys in a modified Biolasol solution

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.21164/pomjlifesci.665 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik ◽

Barbara Dolińska ◽

Florian Ryszka

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Cellular Integrity ◽

The Impact ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Introduction: Biolasol is a solution developed in Poland for flushing the kidneys, liver, heart and pancreas by simple hypothermia method prior to transplantation. The solution supports the cellular integrity of grafts during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the concentration of prolactin added to Biolasol on selected biochemical parameters of kidney injury.Materials and methods: Biolasol was modified by the addition of prolactin at 1 μg/L, 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L and by ascorbicacid at 0.5 mmol/L. After 2 h and 48 h of storage, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase enzymes, sodium and potassium concentrations, pH and osmolarity parameters were assessed in the perfusates.Results: The addition of prolactin to Biolasol significantly improves the biochemical parameters of grafts in the models of rinsing, perfusion and reperfusion of isolated porcine kidneys.Conclusions: The study indicates the nephroprotective role of Biolasol with the addition of vitamin C and prolactin at a 100 μg/L.

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The Regulatory Effects and the Signaling Pathways of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Ferroptosis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10122952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2952

Author(s):

Shenshen Zhang ◽

Ruizhe Hu ◽

Yaping Geng ◽

Ke Chen ◽

Ling Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Regulated Cell Death ◽

Phospholipid Peroxidation ◽

Regulatory Effects

Natural bioactive compounds abundantly presented in foods and medicinal plants have recently received a remarkable attention because of their various biological activities and minimal toxicity. In recent years, many natural compounds appear to offer significant effects in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is the forefront of international scientific research which has been exponential growth since the term was coined. This type of regulated cell death is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Recent studies have shown that numerous organ injuries and pathophysiological processes of many diseases are driven by ferroptosis, such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute renal failure. It is reported that the initiation and inhibition of ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in lipid peroxidation, organ damage, neurodegeneration and cancer growth and progression. Recently, many natural phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have been demonstrated to be novel ferroptosis regulators and have the potential to treat ferroptosis-related diseases. This review provides an updated overview on the role of natural bioactive compounds and the potential signaling pathways in the regulation of ferroptosis.

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Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury of Sciatic Nerve in Rats: Protective Role of Combination of Vitamin C with E and Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Neurochemical Research ◽

10.1007/s11064-017-2465-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 650-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katerina Apostolopoulou ◽

Dimitris Konstantinou ◽

Rodoula Alataki ◽

Ioannis Papapostolou ◽

Dimitrios Zisimopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Protective Role ◽

Tissue Plasminogen

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Pulmonary Protection During Cardiac Surgery: Systematic Literature Review

Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals ◽

10.1177/021849230801600617 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 503-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Enisa MF Carvalho ◽

Edmo A Gabriel ◽

Tomas A Salerno

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Literature Review ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽

Pulmonary Protection ◽

Postoperative Pulmonary Dysfunction

Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs during heart surgery in which cardiopulmonary bypass is used. Current knowledge of the factors contributing to postoperative pulmonary dysfunction and the measures to avoid it are reviewed.

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Nrf2 as a Key Player of Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.933403 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. S1-S10 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

M. BARANČÍK ◽

L. GREŠOVÁ ◽

M. BARTEKOVÁ ◽

I. DOVINOVÁ

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Redox Regulation ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

The oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In CVD progression an aberrant redox regulation was observed. In this regulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling, where Nrf2 is the key regulator of redox homeostasis. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system regulates a great set of detoxificant and antioxidant enzymes in cells after ROS and electrophiles exposure. In this review we focus on radical-generating systems in cardiovascular system as well as on Nrf2 as a target against oxidative stress and a key player of redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge about the role of Nrf2 in pathophysiology of several CVD (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies) as well as in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury.

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