scholarly journals Dietary Nitrate and Diet Quality: An Examination of Changing Dietary Intakes within a Representative Sample of Australian Women

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacklyn Jackson ◽  
Amanda Patterson ◽  
Lesley MacDonald-Wicks ◽  
Catherine Bondonno ◽  
Lauren Blekkenhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Consumption ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Over Time

Dietary nitrate is increasingly linked to a variety of beneficial health outcomes. Our purpose was to estimate dietary nitrate consumption and identify key dietary changes which have occurred over time within a representative sample of Australian women. Women from the 1946–1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health with complete food frequency questionnaire data for both 2001 and 2013 were included for analysis. Dietary nitrate intakes were calculated using key published nitrate databases. Diet quality scores including the Australian Recommended Food Score, the Mediterranean Diet Score and the Nutrient Rich Foods Index were calculated along with food group serves as per the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Wilcoxon matched pairs tests were used to test for change in dietary intakes and Spearman’s correlations were used to examine associations. In our sample of 8161 Australian women, dietary nitrate intakes were on average 65–70 mg/day, and we detected a significant increase in dietary nitrate consumption over time (+6.57 mg/day). Vegetables were the primary source of dietary nitrate (81–83%), in particular lettuce (26%), spinach (14–20%), beetroot (10–11%), and celery (7–8%) contributed primarily to vegetable nitrate intakes. Further, increased dietary nitrate intakes were associated with improved diet quality scores (r = 0.3, p < 0.0001). Although there is emerging evidence indicating that higher habitual dietary nitrate intakes are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, future work in this area should consider how dietary nitrate within the context of overall diet quality can facilitate health to ensure consistent public health messages are conveyed.

scholarly journals Do Older Women of Reproductive Age Have Better Diet Quality than Younger Women of Reproductive Age?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Nahal Habibi ◽  
Katherine M. Livingstone ◽  
Suzanne Edwards ◽  
Jessica A. Grieger
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

There is increasing recognition of the importance of nutrition for reproductive health, but little is known regarding the diet quality of younger vs. older reproductive aged women, and how their intakes relate to dietary recommendations. The purpose of the study was to examine the diets of younger (19–35 years old) compared to older (35–50 years old) reproductive aged women, and how they align with dietary recommendations. Women aged 19–50 years from the 2011–13 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were included (n = 2323). Dietary intakes were assessed by a single 24-h dietary recall and were compared to (i) Australian Dietary Guidelines; (ii) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution for protein, carbohydrates, and fat; and (iii) Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). Regression analyses comparing younger and older women against recommendations were undertaken, with confounders determined a priori. There was no difference between older and younger women in meeting food group recommendations, with 26% of all women meeting recommendations for fruit, and meat and alternatives, and <20% meeting recommendations for vegetables and alternatives, grains, and dairy. Although there was no difference between older and younger women in total DGI score (mean (SE) 75.6 (1.7) vs. 74.5 (2.5), p > 0.05), older women had higher component scores in limiting saturated fat, consuming low-fat milk, and limiting adding salt during cooking. Continued health promotion for women of reproductive age should be a key priority to improve their own health and that of future generations.

scholarly journals Toward an Evidence-Based Definition and Classification of Carbohydrate Food Quality: An Expert Panel Report

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2667
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Comerford ◽  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Julie Miller Jones ◽  
Judith Rodriguez ◽  
Joanne Slavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Carbohydrate Quality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Carbohydrate-containing crops provide the bulk of dietary energy worldwide. In addition to their various carbohydrate forms (sugars, starches, fibers) and ratios, these foods may also contain varying amounts and combinations of proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, prebiotics, and anti-nutritional factors that may impact diet quality and health. Currently, there is no standardized or unified way to assess the quality of carbohydrate foods for the overall purpose of improving diet quality and health outcomes, creating an urgent need for the development of metrics and tools to better define and classify high-quality carbohydrate foods. The present report is based on a series of expert panel meetings and a scoping review of the literature focused on carbohydrate quality indicators and metrics produced over the last 10 years. The report outlines various approaches to assessing food quality, and proposes next steps and principles for developing improved metrics for assessing carbohydrate food quality. The expert panel concluded that a composite metric based on nutrient profiling methods featuring inputs such as carbohydrate–fiber–sugar ratios, micronutrients, and/or food group classification could provide useful and informative measures for guiding researchers, policymakers, industry, and consumers towards a better understanding of carbohydrate food quality and overall healthier diets. The identification of higher quality carbohydrate foods could improve evidence-based public health policies and programming—such as the 2025–2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

scholarly journals Contribution to the development of a food guide in Benin: linear programming for the optimization of local diets

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Levesque ◽  
Hélène Delisle ◽  
Victoire Agueh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
The Government

AbstractObjectiveFood guides are important tools for nutrition education. While developing a food guide in Benin, the objective was to determine the daily number of servings per food group and the portion sizes of common foods to be recommended.DesignLinear programming (LP) was used to determine, for each predefined food group, the optimal number and size of servings of commonly consumed foods. Two types of constraints were introduced into the LP models: (i) WHO/FAO Recommended Nutrient Intakes and dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases; and (ii) dietary patterns based on local food consumption data recently collected in southern Benin in 541 adults. Dietary intakes of the upper tertile of participants for diet quality based on prevention and micronutrient adequacy scores were used in the LP algorithms.SettingSouthern area of the Republic of Benin.SubjectsLocal key-players in nutrition (n30) from the government, academic institutions, international organizations and civil society were partners in the development of the food guide directed at the population.ResultsThe number of servings per food group and the portion size for eight age–sex groups were determined. For four limiting micronutrients (Fe, Ca, folate and Zn), local diets could be optimized to meet only 70 % of the Recommended Nutrient Intakes, not 100 %.ConclusionsIt was possible to determine the daily number of servings and the portion sizes of common foods that can be recommended in Benin with the help of LP to optimize local diets, although Recommended Nutrient Intakes were not fully met for a few critical micronutrients.

Abstract MP56: Specific Nutrients Associate Better Than Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension Score With Adult Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over 25 Years: The Princeton Lipid Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Beck ◽  
Jessica G Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Diet is a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease risk and is the basis for dietary guidelines such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. However, little is known about how childhood dietary habits are maintained into adulthood or how child to adult, or adult to adult changes in diet may influence disease risk. Hypothesis: Our goal was to examine the relationship between diet quality, cardiovascular disease risk, and changes in diet quality over time. We hypothesized that diets lacking in nutrients for ideal cardiovascular health would be conserved from childhood to adulthood. This would be reflected as increased rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Methods: Diet data was analyzed from the Princeton Lipid Research study (24 hour recall in the 70’s; Block Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1998). Diet quality at each visit was assessed as a ranking of 15 different macro/micronutrients and by a modified DASH index based on 9 nutrient targets and adapted for children. Outcomes in both childhood and adulthood included: glucose intolerance/diabetes, high blood pressure/hypertension, dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Linear and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for age, race, sex, BMI, occupation and education of self or head of household, and marital status. Results: Analysis included 221 total individuals in Generation 1 (parents at initial visit; 39% (86 of 221) male, mean age 38.9 ± 6.5 followed up at 66.6 ± 6.6 years) and 606 individuals in Generation 2 (45% (271 of 606) male, mean age 11.9 ± 3.23 at initial visit and 38.5 ± 3.6 years at follow up). Generation 1 increased in total DASH score from initial visit to follow-up (1.74 ± 0.95 → 2.11 ± 1.33) while Generation 2 decreased (1.91 ± 0.80 → 1.64 ± 1.13). Overall DASH score was not significantly associated with baseline or follow up outcomes in childhood or adulthood. However, in Generation 2 at follow-up, fiber, potassium, iron, niacin, and vitamin A were associated with hypertension; fiber and sugar with hyperlipidemia; cholesterol with obesity; and saturated fat with diabetes in Generation 1. Conclusions: Overall diet quality was poor in both generations and changed little over time. In conclusion, no relationship was detected between DASH diet accordance and disease outcomes, however certain nutrients are associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk.

Abstract P360: Dietary Saturated Fats From Different Food Sources Show Inconsistent Associations With Various Indices of Diet Quality in the Canadian Population

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Harrison ◽  
Didier Brassard ◽  
Simone Lemieux ◽  
Benoit Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Saturated Fats

Background: Canadian dietary guidelines include a recommendation to limit the consumption of foods high in saturated fats (SFA), regardless of their dietary source. The same guidelines also recommend consumption of lean red meat and low-fat dairy products. Yet, the association between the consumption of SFA from different food sources and diet quality is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to examine associations between SFA from various food sources and different indices of diet quality. Methods: Analyses are based on a sample of 11 106 respondents representative of Canadian adults (19-70 y) from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2015). Dietary intakes and diet quality indices were calculated using a single interview-administered 24-hour recall. Food sources of SFA were classified according to the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide categories: 1) vegetables and whole fruits, 2) whole grain foods and 3) protein foods (including dairy and meat, among others). Foods not included in these three categories were grouped as All other foods . The 2010 alternative Healthy eating index (aHEI), the 2015 Healthy eating index (HEI-2015) and the 2007 Canadian Healthy eating index (C-HEI) were calculated. Due to the unreliability of data for trans-fat consumption in the CCHS 2015 database, the trans-fat subscore of the aHEI was removed from the original score. Results: While total SFA intake and SFA from All other foods were inversely correlated with all indices of diet quality (-0.55<r<-0.10, all p<0.001), associations with SFA from dairy and meat were inconsistent. SFA from dairy were inversely correlated (p<0.001) with the aHEI (r=-0.14) and the HEI-2015 (r=-0.16) but showed a weak positive correlation with the C-HEI (r=0.05, p<0.001). SFA from meat were negatively correlated with the aHEI (r=-0.21, p<0.001) and positively correlated with the C-HEI (r=0.11, p<0.001). Removing subscores directly related to SFA intake in diet quality indices yielded positive correlations between SFA from dairy and the HEI-2015 (r=0.13, p<0.001) and the C-HEI (r=0.19, p<0.001). Conclusion: Consumption of SFA from different food sources are inconsistently associated with different indices of overall diet quality. Unsurprisingly, SFA from All other foods , which include low nutritive value foods, showed the strongest negative correlation with all diet quality scores. These results provide further support to the notion that guidance on SFA in future health policies should focus on food sources rather than on total intake of SFA.

scholarly journals Grain Foods in US Infants Are Associated with Greater Nutrient Intakes, Improved Diet Quality and Increased Consumption of Recommended Food Groups

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2840
Author(s):  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Grain Foods

There are limited data providing guidance on grain foods as part of a healthy dietary pattern in infants and may represent a gap in knowledge for the development of the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Scientific Advisory Committee report currently in progress. An analysis using infant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted to assess grain food relationships with nutrient and energy intakes, diet quality, and food group consumption in infant consumers relative to non-consumers. Grain consumers were defined as infants consuming foods from the main grain food group, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture, and included whole and refined/enriched grains. All infants consuming grain foods had greater energy (kcal) vs. grain non-consumers (p’s < 0.0047). While infant grain consumers 6- to 12-months-old (N = 942) had higher daily intakes of sodium and added and total sugars, these infants also had significantly higher dietary fiber, calcium, folate, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, choline, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 compared to non-consumers. In 13- to 23-month-olds (N = 1668), grain consumption was associated with greater daily dietary fiber, iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 relative to non-consumers. Diet quality scores were significantly higher in all infant grain consumers examined in comparison to non-consumers (p’s < 0.0065). Grain intake was also linked with greater daily intake of several recommended food groups in both younger and older infants versus non-consumption of grains. The current analysis provides evidence to substantiate the inclusion of whole and enriched grain foods as part of the infant dietary pattern as beneficial associations between grain food consumption and dietary quality are apparent. Eliminating and/or reducing grain foods in infant dietary patterns may lead to unintended nutrient and health consequences.

scholarly journals What to expect from the price of healthy and unhealthy foods over time? The case from Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuella Gomes Maia ◽  
Camila Mendes dos Passos ◽  
Renata Bertazzi Levy ◽  
Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins ◽  
Laís Amaral Mais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Group ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjective:To measure change in price of food groups over time (1995–2030) in Brazil, considering the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations.Design:Data from the Household Budget Survey (2008–2009 HBS) and the National System of Consumer Price Indexes (NSCPI) were used to create a data set containing monthly prices for the foods and beverages most consumed in the country (n 102), from January 1995 to December 2017. Data on price of foods and beverages from 2008–2009 HBS (referring to January 2009) were used to calculate real price over time using the monthly variation in prices from NSCPI. All prices were deflated to December 2017. Foods and beverages were classified following the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations. The monthly price for each food group and subgroup was used to analyse changes in prices from 1995 to 2017 and to forecast prices up to 2030 using fractional polynomial models.Setting:Brazil.Participants:National estimates of foods and beverages purchased for Brazil.Results:In 1995, ultra-processed foods were the most expensive group (R$ 6·51/kg), followed by processed foods (R$ 6·44/kg), then unprocessed or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (R$ 3·45/kg). Since the early 2000s, the price of ultra-processed foods underwent successive reductions, becoming cheaper than processed foods and reducing the distance between it and the price of the other group. Forecasts indicate that unhealthy foods will become cheaper than healthy foods in 2026.Conclusions:Food prices in Brazil have changed unfavourably considering the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations. This may imply a decrease in the quality of the population’s diet.

scholarly journals Parenting style as a predictor of dietary score change in children from ages 4 to 14 years. Findings from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Alissa J Burnett ◽  
Karen E Lamb ◽  
Alison C Spence ◽  
Kathleen E Lacy ◽  
Anthony Worsley
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To examine associations between parenting style and changes in dietary quality score across childhood. Design: This longitudinal analysis included the child’s frequency of consumption for twelve food and drink items reported by mothers (at child ages 4-8 years) and children (at ages 10-14 years) during face-to-face interviews biennially. These items were combined into dietary scores based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Parenting styles were classified at baseline as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and disengaged. Multilevel modelling was used to examine changes in diet quality score over time by maternal parenting styles. Setting: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children Participants: A total of 4282 children aged 4 to 14 years. Results: Children’s diet quality score declined over time between ages 4 and 14 years (β=-0.10, 95% CI [-0.11, -0.08]). There was strong evidence to suggest that change in diet quality differed dependent on baseline maternal parenting style, although diet quality declined for all groups. Children with authoritative mothers had the greatest decline in diet quality score over time (β=-0.13; 95% CI [-0.18, -0.08]) while children with disengaged mothers had the lowest decline (-0.03; 95% CI [-0.07, 0.01]). However, it is important to note that children with authoritative mothers had a better dietary quality score than children of permissive or disengaged mothers for most of their childhood. Conclusion: These findings question the previous assumptions that early exposure to an authoritative parenting style has lasting positive effects on the dietary intake of children.

scholarly journals 1055The applicability of the Healthy Eating Index to measure Iranian diet quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ebrahimi ◽  
Rebecca Leech ◽  
Sarah McNaughton ◽  
Katherine Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Abstract Background Iranian diet quality has been evaluated using indices that are not based on Iranian dietary guidelines. This study examined the applicability of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) by examining associations with sociodemographics, nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy. Methods Household sociodemographics and dietary intakes (three 24-h dietary recalls) were collected in the cross-sectional National Comprehensive Study on Household Food Consumption Patterns and Nutritional Status 2001-2003. Household diet quality was calculated using the HEI. Regression analyses examined associations between diet quality and sociodemographics, nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy. Results A total of 6584 households were included in this study. Age (β-coeff 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.44), education (β-coeff 4.58; 4.05, 5.11) and living in urban areas (β-coeff 2.87; 2.56, 3.19) (as reported by the household head) were positively associated with diet quality. Higher diet quality was associated with higher intake of protein (% energy) (β-coeff 0.08; 0.07, 0.08), calcium (mg/day) (β-coeff 12.10; 11.23, 12.98), iron (mg/day) (β-coeff 0.04; 0.02, 0.05), vitamin C (mg/day) (β-coeff 3.61; 3.45, 3.77) and fibre (g/day) (β-coeff 0.12; 0.11, 0.14), lower intake of sodium (mg/day) (β-coeff -83.45; -93.02, -73.88) and adequate intake of calcium (mg/day) (OR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.12) and vitamin C (mg/day) (1.19; 1.18, 1.20). Conclusions Higher HEI was associated with a range of sociodemographics and better nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy. Key messages HEI was applicable for assessing the diet quality of Iranian households.

scholarly journals Dried Fruit Consumption Is Associated with Greater Diet Quality and Intakes of Shortfall Nutrients in NHANES 2007–16

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1491-1491
Author(s):  
Valerie Sullivan ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Kristina Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Dried Fruit

Abstract Objectives The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recognize dried fruits as acceptable alternatives to fresh fruit but caution that, consumed in excess, they can contribute excess calories. The aim of this study was to characterize dried fruit consumption and the contribution of dried fruits to nutrient intakes and diet quality. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2016 was performed. Survey-weighted analyses were used to estimate mean dried fruit intakes in adults 20 years or older (n = 25,590) who completed a dietary recall. Dried fruit consumers (≥1/4 cup-equivalent/day) were defined in respondents with two complete dietary recalls (n = 22,311). Regression analyses compared cardiometabolic health and diet quality in consumers and non-consumers, with adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors. Within-person differences in nutrient and food group intakes on days when dried fruits were consumed versus not were assessed in respondents who consumed dried fruit on only one of two dietary recalls (n = 1222) using multivariate linear regression. Results Mean dried fruit intake was 0.04 ± 0.001 cup-equivalents and represented 3.6% of total fruit consumed by adults. The major food source was plain dried fruit (49%), followed by cereals (19%). Consumers (7.2% of adults) had higher quality diets than non-consumers (HEI-2015 score 60.6, versus 52.6; P &lt; 0.001) and lower mean BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure (P ≤ 0.001), after adjustment for potential confounders. Total fruit, nuts and seeds, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, potassium, and polyunsaturated fat intakes were greater on days when dried fruits were consumed versus not consumed (P &lt; 0.01). In women, total and monounsaturated fat and protein intakes were also greater, while men consumed more whole grains and added sugars on dried fruits consumption days. Total calorie intakes were higher in men and women (205–209 kcal, P ≤ 0.002) when dried fruits were consumed. Conclusions Dried fruit consumption is associated with higher diet quality and greater intakes of shortfall nutrients. However, dried fruits do not appear to displace other calorie sources when consumed. Funding Sources None.

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