scholarly journals Contrasting Effects of Short-Term Mediterranean and Vegan Diets on Microvascular Function and Cholesterol in Younger Adults: A Comparative Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rogerson ◽  
Diana Maçãs ◽  
Marianne Milner ◽  
Yingshan Liu ◽  
Markos Klonizakis
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Total Fat

The Mediterranean diet has been shown to improve cardiovascular health. Vegan diets have demonstrated similar benefits, albeit in fewer studies. In a comparative pilot study, we compared the effects of a short-term Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Vegan Diet (VD) on microvascular function and cholesterol levels in a healthy population. Twenty-four young (aged 18 to 35 years) healthy volunteers followed a four-week intervention (MD = 12; VD = 12) ad libitum. Pre and post-intervention anthropometrics, microvascular function (assessed via LDF and expressed as raw CVC and %CVC MAX), dietary-analysis data (Calories, Protein, Carbohydrates, Total Fat, Saturated Fat, Fibre), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Blood Pressure, Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and TC:HDL-C were compared. MD participants reduced Total Fat intake (p = 0.05). Saturated Fat decreased (MD: p = < 0.001; VD: p = 0.004) and Fibre increased (MD: p = 0.02; VD: p = < 0.001) in both groups. Dietary changes reflected improvements in plateau raw CVC in the MD group (p = 0.005), and a reduction in TC (p = 0.045) and weight loss (p = 0.047) in the VD group. The MD led to improvements in microvascular function; the VD led to reduced TC and weight loss. Although both diets might offer CVD risk-reduction benefits, evidence for the MD appeared to be stronger due to changes in vasodilatory ability and NO bioavailability.

Abstract 3610: Comparative Effects of 3 Popular Diets on Lipids, Endothelial Function and Biomarkers of Atherothrombosis in the Absence of Weight Loss

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Miller ◽  
Valerie Beach ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Jeffrey Rhyne ◽  
Christina Dobmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The South ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Total Fat

Background : While the effect of popular diets on weight loss has been extensively studied, less is known in the absence of weight loss. We hypothesized that a diet high in total and saturated fat would be associated with adverse effects on LDL-C, endothelial function and biomarkers of atherothrombosis compared to lower fat diets. Methods : We tested 3 popular diets, including Atkins (50% fat), South Beach (30% fat) and Ornish (10% fat) in a randomized and counterbalanced, crossover study. Subjects completed each of the three 4-week dietary intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were weighed weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At the completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed, fasting blood was sampled and brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) performed. Results : Eighteen of 26 adults (mean age: 30.6 ± 9.6 yrs, 50% female) completed all 3 dietary phases. There were no changes in weight at the conclusion of each phase. However, non-significant increases in LDL-C occurred during the Atkins phase (pre: 96.5, post: 112.9 mg/dL; P=0.12 ), whereas LDL-C was reduced during the Ornish (pre: 110.1, post: 84.6 mg/dL; P=0.006 ) and South Beach phases (pre: 101.7, post: 91.5 mg/dL; P=0.01 ). BART testing revealed a significant inverse correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation and intake of total fat (r 2 =−0.29; P=0.03 ), saturated fat (r 2 =−0.31; P=0.02 ) and monounsaturated fat (r 2 =−0.35; P=0.01 ). Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of several leukocyte biomarkers including, ICAM2 (37%; P=0.002 ), SELL (26%; P=0.007 ) and SOD1 (42%; P=0.04 ) at the completion of the Atkins diet compared to baseline. In contrast, expression of atherothrombotic biomarkers was not increased after the South Beach or Ornish phase. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, the high fat Atkins diet is associated with increased LDL-C, reduced endothelial vasoreactivity and increased expression of biomarkers of atherothrombosis. As such, these data suggest that isocaloric conversion to the Atkins diet may negatively impact cardiovascular health as compared to the South Beach or Ornish Diet.

scholarly journals Effects of increased body weight and short-term weight loss on serum PCSK9 levels – a prospective pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodosios D. Filippatos ◽  
Evangelos Liberopoulos ◽  
Maria Georgoula ◽  
Constantinos Tellis ◽  
Alexandros D. Tselepis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prospective Pilot Study

scholarly journals Predictors of Long-Term Adherence to Multiple Health Behavior Recommendations for Weight Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Lawrence J. Appel ◽  
Bethany Bray ◽  
Neon Brooks ◽  
Victor J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Psychosocial Predictors ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Total Fat

Background. We have demonstrated previously that patterns of behavioral adherence in the first 6 months of behavioral lifestyle interventions were associated with significant weight loss at 18 months. In this article, we extend this work to examine patterns of behavioral adherence over 18 months and to explore baseline demographic and psychosocial predictors. Method. Latent class analysis was applied separately to the Weight Loss Maintenance and PREMIER trials data to examine patterns of adherence to the following recommendations: (1) consuming ≥9 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, (2) ≤25% of energy from total fat, (3) ≤7% energy from saturated fat, and (4) ≥180 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test demographic and psychosocial predictors of latent class membership. Results. Four distinct subgroups with common patterns of behavioral adherence were identified in each trial including, Behavioral Maintainers, who maintained adherence to all behavioral recommendations for 1 year, Nonresponders, who did not adhere to the recommendations at any time point, and latent classes that reflected patterns of adherence to one or two behaviors or behavioral relapse. A significantly higher proportion of Behavioral Maintainers sustained ≥5% weight loss for 1 year compared with Nonresponders. Participants with higher vitality scores at baseline were more likely to belong to a latent class with long-term adherence to one or more recommendations than the Nonresponders class. Conclusions. Regular assessment of health behaviors and psychosocial measures such as vitality may help identify nonresponders and inform treatment tailoring to improve long-term behavioral and weight outcomes.

High-Protein, Low-Fat, Short-Term Diet Results in Less Stress and Fatigue Than Moderate-Protein, Moderate-Fat Diet During Weight Loss in Male Weightlifters: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Helms ◽  
Caryn Zinn ◽  
David S. Rowlands ◽  
Ruth Naidoo ◽  
John Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Stress Fatigue

Purpose:Athletes risk performance and muscle loss when dieting. Strategies to prevent losses are unclear. This study examined the effects of two diets on anthropometrics, strength, and stress in athletes.Methods:This double-blind crossover pilot study began with 14 resistance-trained males (20-43 yr) and incurred one dropout. Participants followed carbohydrate-matched, high-protein low-fat (HPLF) or moderate-protein moderate-fat (MPMF) diets of 60% habitual calories for 2 weeks. Protein intakes were 2.8g/kg and 1.6g/kg and mean fat intakes were 15.4% and 36.5% of calories, respectively. Isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and anthropometrics were measured at baseline and completion. The Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes (DALdA) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were completed daily. Outcomes were presented statistically as probability of clinical benefit, triviality, or harm with effect sizes (ES) and qualitative assessments.Results:Differences of effect between diets on IMTP and anthropometrics were likely or almost certainly trivial, respectively. Worse than normal scores on DALDA part A, part B and the part A “diet” item were likely more harmful (ES 0.32, 0.4 and 0.65, respectively) during MPMF than HPLF. The POMS fatigue score was likely more harmful (ES 0.37) and the POMS total mood disturbance score (TMDS) was possibly more harmful (ES 0.29) during MPMF than HPLF.Conclusions:For the 2 weeks observed, strength and anthropometric differences were minimal while stress, fatigue, and diet-dissatisfaction were higher during MPMF. A HPLF diet during short-term weight loss may be more effective at mitigating mood disturbance, fatigue, diet dissatisfaction, and stress than a MPMF diet.

scholarly journals The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomised Cross-Over Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8169
Author(s):  
Jennifer Byrne ◽  
Caitríona Murphy ◽  
Jennifer B. Keogh ◽  
Peter M. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Usual Diet

Evidence supports an association between low magnesium (Mg) intake and coronary heart disease and between Mg intake and endothelial function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of one week of Mg supplementation on endothelial function, assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMD). Nineteen healthy men and women completed this cross-over pilot study in which participants were randomised to take an over-the-counter magnesium supplement for one week or to follow their usual diet. Weight, FMD and blood pressure (BP) were taken on completion of each intervention and 24 h urine collections and blood samples were taken to assess compliance. Baseline serum Mg was within normal range for all participants. Urinary Mg and urinary magnesium-creatinine ratio (Mg/Cr) significantly increased between interventions, (p = 0.03, p = 0.005, respectively). No significant differences in FMD or BP were found between the interventions. A significant negative correlation was seen between age and FMD (r = −0.496, p = 0.031). When adjusted for age, saturated fat was negatively associated with FMD (p = 0.045). One week of Mg supplementation did not improve FMD in a healthy population.

scholarly journals A worksite programme significantly alters nutrient intakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Levin ◽  
Hope R Ferdowsian ◽  
Valerie J Hoover ◽  
Amber A Green ◽  
Neal D Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Nutrition Programme

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether a worksite nutrition programme using a low-fat vegan diet could significantly improve nutritional intake.DesignAt two corporate sites of the Government Employees Insurance Company, employees who were either overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and/or had type 2 diabetes participated in a 22-week worksite-based dietary intervention study.SettingAt the intervention site, participants were asked to follow a low-fat vegan diet and participate in weekly group meetings that included instruction and group support (intervention group). At the control site, participants received no instruction (control group). At weeks 0 and 22, participants completed 3 d dietary records to assess energy and nutrient intake.SubjectsA total of 109 participants (sixty-five intervention and forty-four control).ResultsIn the intervention group, reported intake of total fat, trans fat, saturated fat and cholesterol decreased significantly (P ≤ 0·001), as did energy and protein (P = 0·01), and vitamin B12 (P = 0·002), compared with the control group. Intake (exclusive of any use of nutritional supplements) of carbohydrate, fibre, vitamin C, magnesium and potassium increased significantly (P ≤ 0·0001), as did that for β-carotene (P = 0·0004), total vitamin A activity (P = 0·004), vitamin K (P = 0·01) and sodium (P = 0·04) in the intervention group, compared with the control group.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that a worksite vegan nutrition programme increases intakes of protective nutrients, such as fibre, folate and vitamin C, and decreases intakes of total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol.

scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Combined with a Mediterranean Diet on Reducing Visceral Adiposity: A Randomized Active Comparator Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe E. Panizza ◽  
Unhee Lim ◽  
Kim M. Yonemori ◽  
Kevin D. Cassel ◽  
Lynne R. Wilkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Active Comparator ◽  
Improve Liver Function ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Total Fat

Intermittent energy restriction combined with a Mediterranean diet (IER+MED) has shown promise to reduce body fat and insulin resistance. In the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study, Japanese Americans had the highest visceral adipose tissue (VAT) when adjusting for total adiposity. We conducted this pilot study to demonstrate feasibility and explore efficacy of following IER+MED for 12 weeks to reduce VAT among East Asians in Hawaii. Sixty volunteers (aged 35–55, BMI 25–40 kg/m2, VAT ≥ 90 cm2 for men and ≥ 80 cm2 for women) were randomized to IER+MED (two consecutive days with 70% energy restriction and 5 days euenergetic MED) or an active comparator (euenergetic Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet). Participants and clinic staff (except dietitians) were blinded to group assignments. IER+MED had significantly larger reductions in DXA-measured VAT and total fat mass (−22.6 ± 3.6 cm2 and −3.3 ± 0.4 kg, respectively) vs. DASH (−10.7 ± 3.5 cm2 and −1.6 ± 0.4 kg) (p = 0.02 and p = 0.005). However, after adjusting for total fat mass, change in VAT was not statistically different between groups; whereas, improvement in alanine transaminase remained significantly greater for IER+MED vs. DASH (−16.2 ± 3.8 U/L vs. −4.0 ± 3.6 U/L, respectively, p = 0.02). Attrition rate was 10%, and participants adhered well to study prescriptions with no reported major adverse effect. Results demonstrate IER+MED is acceptable, lowers visceral and total adiposity among East Asian Americans, and may improve liver function more effectively than a healthful diet pattern. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03639350.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document