scholarly journals Sprouted Grains: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Beatrice Falcinelli ◽  
Stanley Lutts ◽  
Fabio Stagnari ◽  
Angelica Galieni
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

In the last decade, there has been an increase in the use of sprouted grains in human diet and a parallel increase in the scientific literature dealing with their nutritional traits and phytochemical contents. This review examines the physiological and biochemical changes during the germination process, and the effects on final sprout composition in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients and bioactive compounds. The main factors affecting sprout composition are taken into consideration: genotype, environmental conditions experimented by the mother plant, germination conditions. In particular, the review deepens the recent knowledge on the possible elicitation factors useful for increasing the phytochemical contents. Microbiological risks and post-harvest technologies are also evaluated, and a brief summary is given of some important in vivo studies matching with the use of grain sprouts in the diet. All the species belonging to Poaceae (Gramineae) family as well as pseudocereals species are included.

Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. IV. The inability of T-cell-deprived mice to resist re-infection, and other in vivo studies on the mechanisms of resistance

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doenhoff ◽  
E. Long
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Partial Depletion

SUMMARYCBA mice deprived of their T-cells by means of thymectomy and administration of rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum before a primary infection of Schistosoma mansoni, failed to resist re-infection to the same extent as immunologically intact controls. However, little difference was made to the degree of resistance to re-infection acquired by thymectomized S. mansoni-infected mice when the anti-thymocyte serum was administered after the primary infection and just before the challenge. Hydrocortisone acetate, when administered to primarily infected mice just before reinfection appeared to reduce the degree of acquired resistance, but the drug also had a schistosomicidal effect on the challenge-derived organisms. An attempt to specifically suppress the acquisition of resistance against S. mansoni by administering serum from homologously infected, resistant donors before and during the course of a primary infection failed, and partial depletion of complement activity with cobra venom factor that was administered just before challenge also failed to affect resistance. Serum obtained from mice with chronic S. mansoni infections and injected intradermally at the site of subsequent administration of a homologous percutaneous challenge infection failed to markedly inhibit maturation of the challenge in the recipient. Recipients of 3 ml of serum from heavily infected donors were also not significantly more resistant to challenge than untreated controls. However, isolated skin from heavily infected mice allowed fewer cercariae to penetrate and emerge transformed as schistosomula than did isolated skin from uninfected controls.

scholarly journals Measuring the impact of factors affecting reverse e-logistics' performance in the electronic industry in Lebanon and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Mohamad AL Majzoub ◽  
Vida Davidavičienė ◽  
Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Electronic Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Know How ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

Reverse e-logistics has proven to have high significance in terms of profits, customer satisfaction, competition, and performance’s efficiency. However, several firms in the Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce field, especially in developing countries such as those in the Middle East, still neglect its importance for the survival of the firm because they don’t know how to improve reverse e-logistics (REL) performance. Therefore, the objective of this article is to identify the main factors that impact reverse e-logistics’ performance and to analyze their effect. The methods used in this article are: scientific literature review, synthesis, questionnaires, and structural equation modelling. The study is done in Lebanon and Syria with a sample of 459 companies in the electronic industry who are engaged in B2C e-commerce and is faced with reverse e-logistics’ challenges. The estimated results prove the significant impact of the identified factors: customer satisfaction, guarantee, and organization structure on reverse e-logistics’ performance, which in turn has a significant impact on the efficiency of the performance of B2C companies engaged in reverse e-logistics activities as well.

scholarly journals Theoretical analysis of factors affecting the development of logistics centre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadina Moroza ◽  
◽  
Inguna Jurgelane-Kaldava ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Stable Growth

Profitable logistics complex system is an important factor for stable growth in economics of the state. Efficient management is the key to success, especially in logistic sector. To achieve great success in logistics it is decisive to understand and analyse all factors which influence on development of current sector. The aim of the present study was to review scientific literature about the factors affecting development of logistics centre. Furthermore, the sustainability construction qualitative analysis method was employed as basis to conduct the research. Based on the literature, authors defined different factors influencing on the development of logistics centre and conducted groups of factors. Using qualitative analysis, the author developed main factors and elaborated definitions for each factor to provide information about included sub-factors. Service level was indicated as one of the important categories. It shows level of clients’ satisfaction with service given by the logistic centres. Finally, all factors were ranged by importance, to show gradation and influence on development.

Phytoniosomes: An emergent strategy for herbal drug delivery system.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Kumari ◽  
Shaweta Sharma ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mohd Aftab Alam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background and Objective: In the current era of advancement in the field of pharmaceutics, there is a growing interest in applying nanomedicine technology for active phytoconstituents and herbal extracts. This revolution in the area of herbal medicine has led to the growth of different technological approaches for delivering poorly soluble active herbal constituents or phytoconstituents, and herbal extract to enhance the safety, bioavailability, efficacy as well as receptor binding selectivity of the active entity. These nano-medicinal approaches have shown to be more effective and reliable delivery system for herbal drugs. Niosomes are one of the novel drug delivery system approaches that have shown promising results when employed in the delivery of many drugs including herbal drugs. The term ‘phytoniosomes’ as mentioned in various research papers are phyto/herbal drugs encapsulated in a non-ionic vesicular system. During the past decade, several research articles have been published on the development and characterization of phytoniosome nano-vesicle along with their in vivo studies as well as delivery approaches via different routes. Methods: During the writing of this document, the data was derived from existing original research papers gathered from a variety of sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, etc. Conclusion: This review discusses various aspects of phytoniosomes covering different areas such as techniques and methods involved in their preparation, various factors affecting their physicochemical properties while developing phytoniosomes, their characterization, and several applications and advantages.

Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting ribosomal RNA release from rat liver nuclei in a cell-free system

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Hanausek-Walaszek ◽  
B. T. French ◽  
D. E. Schumm ◽  
Z. Walaszek ◽  
T. E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Free System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
Absolute Dependence ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Liver Nuclei

rRNA release from isolated liver nuclei has been analyzed in a reconstituted cell-free system using density-gradient analysis and hybridization to a specific recombinant DNA probe to monitor the process. The cell-free system was shown previously to be energy- and cytosol-dependent and to support the formation and release of functional ribosomal subunits. The release of rRNA is now shown to have an absolute dependence on a 70 000 dalton cytosol protein. Although in vivo studies suggest that chronic administration of thioacetamide may block formation of a protein involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of ribosomes, the 70 000 dalton transport factor is not affected by the treatment. Rather the defect appears to be localized to the nucleus, since it cannot be reversed with normal cytosol from a homologous source. Early stages of nRNA processing appear to be affected by thioacetamide, although additional effects on transport are not ruled out.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Synthetic Polymers of Phenolic Compounds

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhalakshmi Nagarajan ◽  
Ramaswamy Nagarajan ◽  
Jayant Kumar ◽  
Adele Salemme ◽  
Anna Rita Togna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Antioxidant Potency

In recent years, developing potent antioxidants has been a very active area of research. In this context, phenolic compounds have been evaluated for their antioxidant activity. However, the use of phenolic compounds has also been limited by poor antioxidant activity in several in vivo studies. Polymeric phenols have received much attention owing to their potent antioxidant properties and increased stability in aqueous systems. To be truly effective in biological applications, it is important that these polymers be synthesized using benign methods. In this context, enzyme catalyzed synthesis of polymeric phenols has been explored as an environmentally friendly and safer approach. This review summarizes work in enzymatic syntheses of polymers of phenols. Several assays have been developed to determine the antioxidant potency of these polymeric phenols. These assays are discussed in detail along with structure-property relationships. A deeper understanding of factors affecting antioxidant activity would provide an opportunity for the design of versatile, high performing polymers with enhanced antioxidant activity.

In vitro and in vivo studies of factors affecting digestion of feeds in synthetic fiber bags1

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trabalzs Marinucci ◽  
B. A. Dehority ◽  
S. C. Loerch
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Immunotoxic Effects Induced by Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin: A Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Leticia Diez-Quijada ◽  
Maria del Monte Benítez-González ◽  
María Puerto ◽  
Angeles Jos ◽  
Ana M. Cameán
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Cyanotoxin occurrence is gaining importance due to anthropogenic activities, climate change and eutrophication. Among them, Microcystins (MCs) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are the most frequently studied due to their ubiquity and toxicity. Although MCs are primary classified as hepatotoxins and CYN as a cytotoxin, they have been shown to induce deleterious effects in a wide range of organs. However, their effects on the immune system are as yet scarcely investigated. Thus, to know the impact of cyanotoxins on the immune system, due to its importance in organisms’ homeostasis, is considered of interest. A review of the scientific literature dealing with the immunotoxicity of MCs and CYN has been performed, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have been considered. Results have confirmed the scarcity of reports on the topic, particularly for CYN. Decreased cell viability, apoptosis or altered functions of immune cells, and changed levels and mRNA expression of cytokines are among the most common effects reported. Underlying mechanisms, however, are still not yet fully elucidated. Further research is needed in order to have a full picture of cyanotoxin immunotoxicity.

scholarly journals Blueberry Supplementation in Neuronal Health and Protective Technologies for Efficient Delivery of Blueberry Anthocyanins

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Blueberry Supplementation ◽  
Decision Making Factors

Blueberries are consumed as healthy fruits that provide a variety of benefits to the nervous system. Scientists have found that blueberries can be used as a daily edible source for supplementation to prevent and minimize complexities of age-related diseases as well as to improve learning and memory in children. Anthocyanins are the most mentioned compounds among the components in blueberries, as they play a major role in providing the health benefits of this fruit. However, while they are highly active in impeding biological impairment in neuronal functions, they have poor bioavailability. This review focuses on neurological investigations of blueberries from in vitro cell studies to in vivo studies, including animal and human studies, with respect to their positive outcomes of neuroprotection and intervention in neurodegenerative conditions. Readers will also find information on the bioavailability of anthocyanins and the considerable factors affecting them so that they can make informed decisions regarding the daily consumption of blueberries. In this context, the ways in which blueberries or blueberry supplementation forms are consumed and which of these forms is best for maximizing the health benefits of blueberries should be considered important decision-making factors in the consumption of blueberries; all of these aspects are covered in this review. Finally, we discuss recent technologies that have been employed to improve the bioavailability of blueberry anthocyanins in the development of effective delivery vehicles supporting brain health.

Inhaled Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Review of Their Pulmonary Responses with Particular Focus on the Agglomeration State

Nano LIFE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Noël ◽  
Ginette Truchon
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Toxicity Mechanisms ◽  
Agglomeration State ◽  
Consistent Information ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Aerosol Characterization

Nanotechnology represents major scientific and economic issues for the future. TiO 2 is used as a reference nanoparticle (NP) for research and workplace exposure assessments due to its important industrial production. However, to date little consistent information exists about its human health effects. Approximately 50% of all TiO 2in vivo studies targeting the respiratory tract have been by inhalation and these exposures are often in the form of agglomerates rather than as individual NPs. Therefore, the size of the NP agglomerates represents the effective size interacting with the biological material and could thereby influence the NP mechanisms of action. Thus, interpretation of nanotoxicological data without considering the agglomeration state could partly explain the heterogeneous results found in the scientific literature for TiO 2 NPs. The objective of this review is to examine the literature concerning the importance of TiO 2 aerosol characterization in the assessment of pulmonary toxicity in rodents. In this way, this review reveals that the pulmonary responses following inhalation of TiO 2 NPs might not depend solely on the primary NP size, but also on the crystal phase, the NP agglomerate size, its structure and the mass concentration. It also shows that TiO 2 NPs may exert their toxicity mechanisms specifically because of the size of their agglomerates in aerosols, thus supporting the concept that aerosols composed essentially of small (< 100 nm) or large (> 100 nm) NP agglomerates do not seem to follow the same pulmonary toxicity mechanisms.

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