scholarly journals Daidzein Intake Is Associated with Equol Producing Status through an Increase in the Intestinal Bacteria Responsible for Equol Production

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikara Iino ◽  
Tadashi Shimoyama ◽  
Kaori Iino ◽  
Yoshihito Yokoyama ◽  
Daisuke Chinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
The Status

Equol is a metabolite of isoflavone daidzein and has an affinity to estrogen receptors. Although equol is produced by intestinal bacteria, the association between the status of equol production and the gut microbiota has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal bacteria responsible for equol production in gut microbiota between equol producer and non-producer subjects regarding the intake of daidzein. A total of 1044 adult subjects who participated in a health survey in Hirosaki city were examined. The concentration of equol in urine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The relative abundances of 8 bacterial species responsible for equol production in the gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA amplification. There were 458 subjects identified as equol producers. The proportion of equol production status and the intake of daidzein increased with age. Daily intake of daidzein was larger in equol-producer. The intestinal bacteria, which convert daidzein to equol were present in both equol producers and non-producers. However, the relative abundance and the prevalence of Asaccharobacter celatus and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens were significantly higher in equol producers than those in equol non-producers. The intestinal bacteria that convert daidzein to equol are present in not only the equol producers but also in the non-producers. The daidzein intake is associated with the equol production status through an increase of A. celatus and S. isoflavoniconvertens in the gut microbiota.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

scholarly journals Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota – a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena K. Brahe ◽  
Emmanuelle Le Chatelier ◽  
Edi Prifti ◽  
Nicolas Pons ◽  
Sean Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Metabolic Markers

The gut microbiota has been implicated in obesity and its progression towards metabolic disease. Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions withLactobacillus paracaseiF19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in obesity. A total of fifty-eight obese postmenopausal women were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of eitherL. paracaseiF19 (9·4 × 1010colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10 g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral glucose tolerance test (P< 0·05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P< 0·05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P< 0·01), including decreased relative abundance of eightFaecalibacteriumspecies. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake ofL. paracaseiF19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.

scholarly journals Optimization of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography technique for rapid detection and identification of acetic acid bacteria of interest in vinegar production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1s) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Isabel Sagarzazu ◽  
Maribel Martínez ◽  
Cristina Algarra ◽  
Javier Butrón ◽  
Carlos J. González-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Strains

This paper evaluates the use of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) technology for the discrimination of genetic differences in the 16S rRNA and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA) genes among bacterial species based on its efficiency and sensitivity to enable the detection and discrimination of different genetic sequences. In order to optimize DHPLC protocols for the analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from bacteria, DNA isolated from 22 different strains representing main bacterial groups of interest in food microbiology was analyzed. While the use of 16S rRNA gene did not allow to difference two wild strains of <em>Acetobacter malorum</em>, this region revealed as useful to differentiate them from some pathogenic bacteria as <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, <em>Listeria innocua</em>, <em>Clostridium perfringens </em>or <em>Sthapylococcus aureus</em>, from spoilage microorganisms as <em>Xantomonas vesicatoria</em> and <em>Alicyclobacillus</em> spp., and also from lactic acid bacteria as <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, <em>Lactobacillus casei</em>, <em>Lactobacillus sakei</em>, <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, <em>Streptococcus thermophilus </em>and <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> that may suppose technological risk during vinegar production. The results demonstrate that 16S rRNA gene region is not adequate for the discrimination of the acetic acid bacteria (AAB) strains, so AdhA gene was selected to identify the two wild strains of <em>Acetobacter malorum</em>. Also 6 different reference strains of AAB were separated based on differences in AdhA gene region. DHPLC technology is able to discriminate between these two wild strains of <em>A. malorum</em> based on differences existing in the AdhA gene region. The data obtained indicate that the technique is capable of identifying most bacteria at species level and even at strain level with optimization of the protocols. This is of particular relevance in the case of AAB due to their poor recovery on culture media and difficulties in detection of viable but non cultivable cells.

Regulation of differential release of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone forms from the pituitary of a teleost fish, Oreochromis mossambicus

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Lamers ◽  
P. H. M. Balm ◽  
H. E. M. G. Haenen ◽  
B. G. Jenks ◽  
S. E. Wendelaar Bonga
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with radioimmunoassay, three forms of α-MSH (des-acetyl, mono-acetyl and di-acetyl α-MSH) were separated and identified in tilapia neurointermediate lobes and plasma, and in medium from lobes superfused in vitro. The presence of acetylated forms in lobe extracts indicated that the peptides are acetylated intracellularly. Di-acetyl α-MSH was, especially in comparison with monoacetyl α-MSH, relatively more abundant in lobe extracts than in plasma. This suggests that the three forms of α-MSH are not released according to their relative intracellular abundances. The possibility of regulation of this differential release by dopamine and TRH was investigated, using a microsuperfusion system. Dopamine was a potent inhibitor of α-MSH release, but did not modulate the relative abundance of the different forms of α-MSH released from the MSH cells. TRH was a potent stimulator of α-MSH release. It enhanced in vitro the release of di-acetyl α-MSH more than the release of mono-acetyl α-MSH. Thus tilapia may be able to modulate not only the quantitative but also the qualitative signal from the MSH cells. This might enhance the flexibility of the animals to respond to environmental challenges. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 179–187

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