scholarly journals Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota – a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena K. Brahe ◽  
Emmanuelle Le Chatelier ◽  
Edi Prifti ◽  
Nicolas Pons ◽  
Sean Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Metabolic Markers

The gut microbiota has been implicated in obesity and its progression towards metabolic disease. Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions withLactobacillus paracaseiF19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in obesity. A total of fifty-eight obese postmenopausal women were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of eitherL. paracaseiF19 (9·4 × 1010colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10 g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral glucose tolerance test (P< 0·05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P< 0·05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P< 0·01), including decreased relative abundance of eightFaecalibacteriumspecies. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake ofL. paracaseiF19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.

scholarly journals Daidzein Intake Is Associated with Equol Producing Status through an Increase in the Intestinal Bacteria Responsible for Equol Production

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikara Iino ◽  
Tadashi Shimoyama ◽  
Kaori Iino ◽  
Yoshihito Yokoyama ◽  
Daisuke Chinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
The Status

Equol is a metabolite of isoflavone daidzein and has an affinity to estrogen receptors. Although equol is produced by intestinal bacteria, the association between the status of equol production and the gut microbiota has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the intestinal bacteria responsible for equol production in gut microbiota between equol producer and non-producer subjects regarding the intake of daidzein. A total of 1044 adult subjects who participated in a health survey in Hirosaki city were examined. The concentration of equol in urine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The relative abundances of 8 bacterial species responsible for equol production in the gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA amplification. There were 458 subjects identified as equol producers. The proportion of equol production status and the intake of daidzein increased with age. Daily intake of daidzein was larger in equol-producer. The intestinal bacteria, which convert daidzein to equol were present in both equol producers and non-producers. However, the relative abundance and the prevalence of Asaccharobacter celatus and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens were significantly higher in equol producers than those in equol non-producers. The intestinal bacteria that convert daidzein to equol are present in not only the equol producers but also in the non-producers. The daidzein intake is associated with the equol production status through an increase of A. celatus and S. isoflavoniconvertens in the gut microbiota.

Gut Microbiota Shifts Favorably with Delivery of Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention in a Prospective Cohort (CHoBI7 Trial)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirajum Monira ◽  
Indrajeet Barman ◽  
Fatema Tuz Jubyda ◽  
Sk. Imran Ali ◽  
Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Handwashing With Soap

Abstract Cholera can result in the expulsion of important microbiota from the gut and result in death if left untreated. The disease transmits mainly via drinking water carrying Vibrio cholerae; and household contacts (HHC) of cholera patients are at elevated risk during the first week of infection. The gut microbiota profiles of HHC-children of cholera patients at Dhaka city slums were investigated before (day 0) and after (day 8) delivery of chlorinated water as part of the cholera-hospital-based intervention for 7 days (CHoBI7), a randomized controlled trial. Results of sequencing and analysis of bacterial community DNA revealed the predominance of two bacterial phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at day 0 with a relative abundance of 62 ± 6 (mean ± SEM %) and 32 ± 7, respectively. The pattern reversed at day 8 with a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (39 ± 12) and an increased abundance of Firmicutes (49 ± 12). Of 65 bacterial families confirmed at day 0, six belonging to Proteobacteria including Vibrionaceae disappeared at day 8. Interestingly, the relative abundance of four Firmicutes families– Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae was increased in all five study children at day 8. The observed exclusion of pathogenic Proteobacteria and enhancement of beneficial Firmicutes in the gut of children delivered with chlorinated water as part of WASH intervention reflect a great promise of the CHoBI7 program in preventing cholera and improving child health.

scholarly journals Dietary Proteins Relevant to Human Consumption Impact the Development of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Association with Major Changes in the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model (OR27-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëmie Daniel ◽  
Béatrice Choi ◽  
Vanessa Houde ◽  
Thibault Varin ◽  
Cecile Vors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Animal models fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet are commonly used to study obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. While much attention is paid to the impact of fat and carbohydrates sources, very little consideration is given to the composition of dietary proteins. Indeed, casein is often the only source of protein in rodent's diet. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a dietary protein mix that is more relevant to typical intakes of proteins in humans and its influences on body weight gain, metabolic health and gut microbiota. Methods Our new diet contained a mix of 10 protein sources based on NHANES data that were incorporated into low-fat low-sucrose (LFLS) and HFHS diets. C57BL/6J mice were fed these diets or control diets containing identical amounts of casein as the only source of protein for 12 weeks. Feces were collected for gut microbiota investigation, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and tissues were harvested for analysis of insulin signaling and mTOR/S6K1 activation. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples showed that both LFLS and HFHS mice fed the protein mix had increased gut microbiota diversity, and significant changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial species (higher Adlercreutzia or Tyzzerella, lower Bacteroides or Akkermansia) as compared to mice fed casein only. Importantly, inclusion of the protein mix amplified the effects of the HFHS diet on the development of obesity, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia as compared to casein-fed animals, whereas no difference was observed in the context of LFLS feeding. Evaluation of insulin signaling in the liver also revealed that the protein mix potentiated the effect of HFHS feeding on the mTORC1/S6K1 pathway, increasing inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS-1 on Ser1101 and leading to further impairment of Akt activation by insulin. Conclusions Our results reveal that compared to pure casein, feeding a protein mixture causes major changes in the gut microbiota profile and greater impact on HFHS-induced obesity and associated metabolic impairments. This study illustrates the importance of considering a diverse source of dietary proteins when using laboratory animal models to more reliably reproduce the development of metabolic syndrome in humans, and to enhance the clinical relevance of nutritional and therapeutic interventions. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of the subgingival microbiome and its relationship with age in postmenopausal women: an epidemiologic investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. LaMonte ◽  
Robert J. Genco ◽  
Michael J. Buck ◽  
Daniel I. McSkimming ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background The extent to which the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome varies with age is not clearly understood. Methods The 16S rRNA gene of subgingival plaque in 1219 women, aged 53–81 years, was sequenced and its taxonomy annotated against the Human Oral Microbiome Database (v.14.5). Composition of the subgingival microbiome was described in terms of centered log(2)-ratio (CLR) transformed OTU values, relative abundance, and prevalence. Correlations between microbiota abundance and age were evelauted using Pearson Product Moment correlations. P-values were corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni method. Results Of the 267 species identified overall, Veillonella dispar was the most abundant bacteria when described by CLR OTU (mean 8.3) or relative abundance (mean 8.9%); whereas Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar and Veillonella parvula were most prevalent (100%, all) when described as being present at any amount. Linear correlations between age and several CLR OTUs (Pearson r = − 0.18 to 0.18), of which 82 (31%) achieved statistical significance (P < 0.05). The correlations lost significance following Bonferroni correction. Twelve species that differed across age groups (each corrected P < 0.05); 5 (42%) were higher in women ages 50–59 compared to ≥70 (corrected P < 0.05), and 7 (48%) were higher in women 70 years and older. Conclusions We identified associations between several bacterial species and age across the age range of postmenopausal women studied. Understanding the functions of these bacteria could identify intervention targets to enhance oral health in later life.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotic (VSL#3) and Omega-3 on Lipid Profile, Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Markers, and Gut Colonization in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha Rajkumar ◽  
Naseha Mahmood ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sudarshan Reddy Varikuti ◽  
Hanumanth Reddy Challa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Overweight Adults

To evaluate the effects of probiotic (VSL#3) and omega-3 fatty acid on insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and inflammation, we conducted a clinical trial in 60 overweight (BMI>25), healthy adults, aged 40–60 years. After initial screening the subjects were randomized into four groups with 15 per group. The four groups received, respectively, placebo, omega-3 fatty acid, probiotic VSL#3, or both omega-3 and probiotic, for 6 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks. The probiotic (VSL#3) supplemented group had significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL and had increased HDL (P<0.05) value. VSL#3 improved insulin sensitivity (P<0.01), decreased hsCRP, and favorably affected the composition of gut microbiota. Omega-3 had significant effect on insulin sensitivity and hsCRP but had no effect on gut microbiota. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid with VSL#3 had more pronounced effect on HDL, insulin sensitivity and hsCRP. Subjects with low HDL, insulin resistance, and high hsCRP had significantly lower total lactobacilli and bifidobacteria count and higherE. coliand bacteroides count.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Betaine: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Betaine Supplementation in Prediabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 3038-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Grizales ◽  
Mary-Elizabeth Patti ◽  
Alexander P Lin ◽  
Joshua A Beckman ◽  
V Anik Sahni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

AbstractContextPlasma betaine correlates with insulin sensitivity in humans. Betaine supplementation improves metabolic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet.ObjectiveTo assess metabolic effects of oral betaine in obese participants with prediabetes.DesignA 12-week, parallel arm, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.SettingUniversity-affiliated hospital.Participants and InterventionsPersons with obesity and prediabetes (N = 27) were randomly assigned to receive betaine 3300 mg orally twice daily for 10 days, then 4950 mg twice daily for 12 weeks, or placebo.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges from baseline in insulin sensitivity, glycemia, hepatic fat, and endothelial function.ResultsThere was a 16.5-fold increase in plasma dimethylglycine [dimethylglycine (DMG); P < 0.0001] levels, but modest 1.3- and 1.5-fold increases in downstream serine and methionine levels, respectively, in the betaine vs placebo arm. Betaine tended to reduce fasting glucose levels (P = 0.08 vs placebo) but had no other effect on glycemia. Insulin area under curve after oral glucose was reduced for betaine treatment compared with placebo (P = 0.038). Insulin sensitivity, assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, was not improved. Serum total cholesterol levels increased after betaine treatment compared with placebo (P = 0.032). There were no differences in change in intrahepatic triglyceride or endothelial function between groups.ConclusionDMG accumulation supports DMG dehydrogenase as rate limiting for betaine metabolism in persons with prediabetes. Betaine had little metabolic effect. Additional studies may elucidate mechanisms contributing to differences between preclinical and human responses to betaine, and whether supplementation of metabolites downstream of DMG improves metabolism.

Metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota in response to diet intervention and gestational diabetes in overweight and obese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-321643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Mokkala ◽  
Niklas Paulin ◽  
Noora Houttu ◽  
Ella Koivuniemi ◽  
Outi Pellonperä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Metabolic Complications

ObjectiveGut microbiota and diet are known to contribute to human metabolism. We investigated whether the metagenomic gut microbiota composition and function changes over pregnancy are related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and can be modified by dietary supplements, fish oil and/or probiotics.DesignThe gut microbiota of 270 overweight/obese women participating in a mother–infant clinical study were analysed with metagenomics approach in early (mean gestational weeks 13.9) and late (gestational weeks 35.2) pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed with a 2 hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsUnlike women with GDM, women without GDM manifested changes in relative abundance of bacterial species over the pregnancy, particularly those receiving the fish oil + probiotics combination. The specific bacterial species or function did not predict the onset of GDM nor did it differ according to GDM status, except for the higher abundance of Ruminococcus obeum in late pregnancy in the combination group in women with GDM compared with women without GDM. In the combination group, weak decreases over the pregnancy were observed in basic bacterial housekeeping functions.ConclusionsThe specific gut microbiota species do not contribute to GDM in overweight/obese women. Nevertheless, the GDM status may disturb maternal gut microbiota flexibility and thus limit the capacity of women with GDM to respond to diet, as evidenced by alterations in gut microbiota observed only in women without GDM. These findings may be important when considering the metabolic complications during pregnancy, but further studies with larger populations are called for to verify the findings.

scholarly journals What Are the Physical Characteristics Associated with a Normal Metabolic Profile Despite a High Level of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women?1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brochu ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne ◽  
Cynthia K. Sites ◽  
Georgia H. Eltabbakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Although obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and a cluster of metabolic disturbances, the existence of a subgroup of healthy but obese individuals has been postulated. It is unclear why some obese individuals fail to show traditional risk factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome despite having a very high accumulation of body fat. To address this issue, we identified and studied a subgroup of metabolically normal but obese (MNO) postmenopausal women to gain insight into potential physiological factors that may protect them against the development of obesity-related comorbidities. We carefully examined the metabolic characteristics of 43 obese, sedentary postmenopausal women (mean ± sd, 58.0± 6.0 yr). Subjects were classified as MNO or as metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) based on an accepted cut-point for insulin sensitivity (measured by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp technique). Thereafter, we determined 1) body composition (fat mass and lean body mass), 2) body fat distribution (abdominal visceral and sc adipose tissue areas, midthigh sc adipose tissue and muscle attenuation), 3) plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, 4) plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, 5) resting blood pressure, 6) peak oxygen consumption, 7) physical activity energy expenditure, and 8) age-related onset of obesity with a questionnaire as potential modulators of differences in the risk profile. We identified 17 MNO subjects who displayed high insulin sensitivity (11.2 ± 2.6 mg/min·kg lean body mass) and 26 MAO subjects with lower insulin sensitivity (5.7 ± 1.1 mg/min·kg lean body mass). Despite comparable total body fatness between groups (45.2 ± 5.3% vs. 44.8 ± 6.6%; P = NS), MNO individuals had 49% less visceral adipose tissue than MAO subjects (141 ± 53 vs. 211 ± 85 cm2; P &lt; 0.01). No difference was noted between groups for abdominal sc adipose tissue (453 ± 126 vs. 442 ± 144 cm2; P = NS), total fat mass (38.1 ± 10.6 vs. 40.0 ± 11.8 kg), muscle attenuation (42.2± 2.6 vs. 43.6 ± 4.8 Houndsfield units), and physical activity energy expenditure (1060 ± 323 vs. 1045 ± 331 Cal/day). MNO subjects had lower fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and lower insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (P values ranging between 0.01–0.001). No difference was observed between groups for 2-h glucose levels and glucose area during the oral glucose tolerance test. MNO subjects showed lower plasma triglycerides and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than MAO individuals (P &lt; 0.01 in both cases). Results from the questionnaire indicated that 48% of the MNO women presented an early onset of obesity (&lt;20 yr old) compared with 29% of the MAO subjects (P = 0.09). Stepwise regression analysis showed that visceral adipose tissue and the age-related onset of obesity explained 22% and 13%, respectively, of the variance observed in insulin sensitivity (total r2 = 0.35; P &lt; 0.05 in both cases). Our results support the existence of a subgroup of obese but metabolically normal postmenopausal women who display high levels of insulin sensitivity despite having a high accumulation of body fat. This metabolically normal profile is associated with a lower accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and an earlier age-related onset of obesity.

scholarly journals Differential effect of transdermal estrogen plus progestagen replacement therapy on insulin metabolism in postmenopausal women: relation to their insulinemic secretion

1999 ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cucinelli ◽  
P Paparella ◽  
L Soranna ◽  
A Barini ◽  
B Cinque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Transdermal Estrogen ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact on glucose and insulin metabolism of transdermal estrogen patches before and after the addition of cyclic dydrogesterone in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: We studied 21 postmenopausal women seeking treatment for symptomatic menopause. All patients received transdermal 50 micrograms/day estradiol for 24 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment, 10 mg/day dydrogesterone were added. METHODS: During both regimens, insulin and C-peptide plasma concentrations were evaluated after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); insulin sensitivity was evaluated by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. Insulin and C-peptide response to OGTT were expressed as area under the curve (AUC) and as incremental AUC; insulin sensitivity was expressed as mg/kg body weight. Fractional hepatic insulin extraction (FHIE) was estimated by the difference between the incremental AUC of the C-peptide and insulin divided by the incremental AUC of the C-peptide. Plasma hormone and lipid concentrations were assessed at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Nine patients proved to be hyperinsulinemic and 12 were normoinsulinemic. Transdermal estrogen treatment significantly decreased the insulin AUC (P < 0.05) and the insulin incremental AUC in hyperinsulinemic patients; addition of dydrogesterone further decreased both the AUC and incremental AUC of insulin. Estrogen alone and combined with dydrogesterone evoked a significant increase in C-peptide AUC in hyperinsulinemic (79.2%) and normoinsulinemic (113%) patients. The treatment increased the values for FHIE and insulin sensitivity in all patients (P < 0.04) and in the hyperinsulinemic group (P < 0.01), whereas it did not affect such parameters in normoinsulinemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal estrogen substitution alone and combined with cyclical dydrogesterone may ameliorate hyperinsulinemia in a selected population of postmenopausal women.

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