scholarly journals Xylitol’s Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Salli ◽  
Markus J. Lehtinen ◽  
Kirsti Tiihonen ◽  
Arthur C. Ouwehand
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for xylitol. In skin, xylitol has been reported to improve barrier function and suppress the growth of potential skin pathogens. As a non-digestible carbohydrate, xylitol enters the colon where it is fermented by members of the colonic microbiota; species of the genus Anaerostipes have been reported to ferment xylitol and produce butyrate. The most common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not appear to be able to grow on xylitol. The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to a constipation relieving effect and improved bone mineral density. Xylitol also modulates the immune system, which, together with its antimicrobial activity contribute to a reduced respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and otitis media risk. As a low caloric sweetener, xylitol may contribute to weight management. It has been suggested that xylitol also increases satiety, but these results are not convincing yet. The benefit of xylitol on metabolic health, in addition to the benefit of the mere replacement of sucrose, remains to be determined in humans. Additional health benefits of xylitol have thus been reported and indicate further opportunities but need to be confirmed in human studies.

scholarly journals Creation and Preliminary Characterization of a Leptin Knockout Rat

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (11) ◽  
pp. 5622-5628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Vaira ◽  
Chang Yang ◽  
Aaron McCoy ◽  
Kelly Keys ◽  
Shurong Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Zinc Finger Nuclease Technology

Abstract Leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes, regulates various pathways centered on food intake and energy expenditure, including insulin sensitivity, fertility, immune system, and bone metabolism. Here, using zinc finger nuclease technology, we created the first leptin knockout rat. Homozygous leptin null rats are obese with significantly higher serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin levels than wild-type controls. Neither gender produced offspring despite of repeated attempts. The leptin knockout rats also have depressed immune system. In addition, examination by microcomputed tomography of the femurs of the leptin null rats shows a significant increase in both trabecular bone mineral density and bone volume of the femur compared with wild-type littermates. Our model should be useful for many different fields of studies, such as obesity, diabetes, and bone metabolism-related illnesses.

Synthesis and characterization of PCU@C-Ag/AgCl nanoparticles as an antimicrobial material for respiratory tract infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Senthilkumar Palanisamy ◽  
Kalaivani Subramanian ◽  
Lerince Godrina Bennet ◽  
Janani Ambrose ◽  
Aganiya Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Antimicrobial Material ◽  
Agcl Nanoparticles

Abstract The pregnant cow urine (PCU) is an active source of antimicrobial agents that is used for fabricating chitosan coated Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (NPs) in the present study. These PCU@C-Ag/AgCl NPs were physicochemically characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against selected respiratory tract infection (RTI) pathogens. The absorption band around 420 nm in UV-Visible spectrum indicated the presence of Ag NPs. The spherical shape of NPs was observed using TEM. Also, the crystalline structure was confirmed using the XRD pattern. The PCU@C-Ag/AgCl NPs showed strong antimicrobial activity against all tested RTI pathogens. In addition, FESEM analysis showed morphological changes in RTI bacterial pathogens. Thereby, PCU@C-Ag/AgCl NPs may be used as an antimicrobial material to treat RTIs in near future at clinical level.

Antimicrobial activity of tigecycline tested against organisms causing community-acquired respiratory tract infection and nosocomial pneumonia

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Fritsche ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Matthew G. Stilwell ◽  
Michael J. Dowzicky ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia

Habitual cold-water swimming and upper respiratory tract infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
N. Collier ◽  
M. Lomax ◽  
M. Harper ◽  
M. Tipton ◽  
H. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Upper Respiratory

It has long been claimed that non-wetsuit cold water swimming (CWS) benefits health (1), and anecdotally cold-water swimmers claimed to suffer fewer and milder infections, though this was not directly measured. A boost to immunity is biologically plausible: stress hormones are released during cold-water immersion (2), and short-term stress may ready the immune system for injury or infection (3). However, very few studies have investigated immune system markers and/or actual illness in habitual cold-water swimmers.

A factor analysis of associations among self-reported immune related symptoms in a large twin sample

Twin Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
David L Duffy ◽  
Diana Battistutta ◽  
John D Mathews ◽  
Nicholas G Martin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
System Function ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Infections Diseases

AbstractWe examined the cumulative prevalences of 22 symptoms thought to reflect immune system function reported in a questionnaire mailed to 7616 Australian twins. The associations between symptoms and demographic variables were expressed in terms of polychoric or polyserial correlations, and a principal components analysis performed. Factors representing underlying propensities respectively to allergic disease, various minor infections, diseases associated with aging such as arthritis, skin disease, and respiratory tract infection were extracted. Possible processes underlying these symptom clusters and the relative strengths and weaknesses of this type of analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Lower Bone Mineral Density at the Hip and Lumbar Spine in People with Psychosis Versus Controls: a Comprehensive Review and Skeletal Site-Specific Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Gomez ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Ayala Shirazi ◽  
Davy Vancampfort ◽  
Fiona Gaughran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Skeletal Site

Evaluation of vitamin D status bone mineral density and dental health in children with cholestasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashwa M. Samra ◽  
Shaimaa Emad El Abrak ◽  
Hanaa H. El Dash ◽  
Mona El Said El Raziky ◽  
Manal A. El Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Usage of Apitherapy for Disease Prevention and Treatment among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Lithuania

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonata Trumbeckaite ◽  
Jurgita Dauksiene ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene ◽  
Valdimaras Janulis
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Traditional medicine therapies are historically used worldwide for disease prevention and treatment purposes. Apitherapy is part of the traditional medicine based on bee product use. Complementary medicine practices which incorporate use of some traditional herbal, mineral, or animal kind substances very often are discussed with pharmacy professionals because these products are often sold in pharmacies as dietary supplements. This study is aimed at determining the attitude, knowledge, and practices of apitherapy among undergraduated pharmacy students (Master of Pharmacy) who already have a pharmacy technician diploma and from 1 to 20 years of practice working in a community pharmacy as pharmacy assistants. A method of questionnaire was chosen. The questions about attitudes, experience, knowledge, and practices for disease prevention and treatment of different bee products, their safety, and informational sources were included. Respondents shared opinion that use of bee product is part of the traditional medicine. Most of them had experience on honey product use for treatment and disease prevention for themselves and their family members (62%) although the need of more evidence based information was expressed. The most known bee products were honey, propolis, and royal jelly. They are widely used for enhancing the immune system and prevention of respiratory tract infection.

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