scholarly journals Dietary Antioxidant Supplements and Uric Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Roumeliotis ◽  
Athanasios Roumeliotis ◽  
Evangelia Dounousi ◽  
Theodoros Eleftheriadis ◽  
Vassilios Liakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Increased serum levels of uric acid have been associated with the onset and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease, and mortality, through several molecular pathogenetic mechanisms, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is present even in the early stages of CKD, progresses parallelly with the deterioration of kidney function, and is even more exacerbated in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Although acting in the plasma as an antioxidant, once uric acid enters the intracellular environment; it behaves as a powerful pro-oxidant. Exogenous intake of antioxidants has been repeatedly shown to prevent inflammation, atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in CKD patients. Moreover, certain antioxidants have been proposed to exert uric acid-lowering properties. This review aims to present the available data regarding the effects of antioxidant supplements on both oxidative stress and uric acid serum levels, in a population particularly susceptible to oxidative damage such as CKD patients.

scholarly journals Frequency of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients of End Stage Renal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2059-2061
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Akhtar ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Siddque ◽  
Talha Nazir ◽  
Ubaid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Introduction: The disease burden of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasing every day and adding the burden on our healthcare system. Many patients are being treated by hemodialysis due to a very limited recourses available. Cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease (IHD) are very common in patients who are being treated by hemodialysis and one of the leading causes of death in these patients. Objective: Frequency of IHD in the patients of ESRD. Methodology: Cross-sectional type of study was piloted for duration of three months from April 2019 to June 2019 in Nephrology Department Mayo Hospital Lahore. Eighty one patients were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion criteria i.e. patients suffering end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis through non-probability, convenient sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. All the data was analyzed by using SPSS (software package for statistical analysis) version 20. Results: The study was carried out among 81 patients with diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease on the maintenance hemodialysis. Most patients in study were falling in the range of 21-60 years. The study included 46 (56.8%) males and 35(43.2%) females. The frequency of Ischemic Heart Diseases in these patients was found to be 56.8% (46/81 cases). Conclusion: Both genders are equally affected. The frequency of IHD in patients of end stage renal disease who are on hemodialysis is observed to be high, but not as much high as observed in previous studies. Both genders are affected almost equally. Key Words: Ischemic Heart Disease, End stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis

Nutrition in Kidney Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serpil Muge Deger ◽  
T. Alp Ikizler
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Among the many factors that affect outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a state of metabolic and nutritional derangements, more aptly called protein-energy wasting (PEW) CKD, plays a major role.1 Multiple studies now indicate that PEW is highly prevalent and is closely associated with important clinical outcomes, such as hospitalizations and risk of death in this patient population. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of nutrition and metabolism in all stages of CKD, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables, and 105 references.  Key words: chronic-kidney disease (CKD), dialysis, end stage renal disease (ESRD), inflammation, maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), protein-energy wasting (PEW),uremia  

scholarly journals Role of Myeloperoxidase in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Kisic ◽  
Dijana Miric ◽  
Ilija Dragojevic ◽  
Julijana Rasic ◽  
Ljiljana Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. Patients with CKD have a number of disorders in the organism, and the presence of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in these patients is the subject of numerous studies. Chronic inflammation joined with oxidative stress contributes to the development of numerous complications: accelerated atherosclerosis process and cardiovascular disease, emergence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, development of malnutrition, anaemia, hyperparathyroidism, and so forth, affecting the prognosis and quality of life of patients with CKD. In this review we presented the potential role of the myeloperoxidase enzyme in the production of reactive/chlorinating intermediates and their role in oxidative damage to biomolecules in the body of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. In addition, we discussed the role of modified lipoprotein particles under the influence of prooxidant MPO intermediates in the development of endothelial changes and cardiovascular complications in renal failure.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological and Neuroradiological Changes in children with chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Abd El Naby ◽  
Ali El-Shafie ◽  
Wael Bahbah ◽  
Asmaa Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Axonal Polyneuropathy ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis are frequently afflicted with neurological complications. These complications can potentially affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Common neurological complications in CKD include stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and encephalopathy, peripheral and autonomic neuropathies.Aim: to detect the neurological manifestations and complications in children with chronic kidney disease through neurophysiological and neuro-radiological findings.Methods: The study included 50 patients with CKD admitted to pediatric nephrology unit. Their history, complete physical and neurological examination finding had been recorded. All of them underwent nerve conduction, electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: Included children were 23 males and 27 females with mean age of (12.8±3.44 year). 11 (22%) patients of end stage renal disease developed polyneuropathy mostly of axonal polyneuropathy pattern while 78% of them showed normal electrophysiological studies. No myopathy was detected. Abnormal electroencephalography findings were detected in 18% of patients in the form of generalized and focal (temporal, occipital and frontal) epileptogenic activity had been found. Abnormal MRI findings were detected in 16% of patients mostly of encephalomalachia. Conclusion: Neurological status in patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis therapy was impaired. Uremic neuropathy is highly prevalent in these patients. They developed polyneuropathy mostly of axonal polyneuropathy pattern. EEG is a useful tool for detection of subclinical or latent uremic encephalopathy and/or epileptogenic activity. Early detection and management of these neurological conditions may estimate a window to reduce physical disability in children with CKD.

Fibrinokinetic Deficit in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease Patients Contributes to the Hemostatic Abnormalities

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4078-4078
Author(s):  
Cafer Adiguzel ◽  
Vinod Bansal ◽  
Josephine Cunanan ◽  
Evangelos Litinas ◽  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients

Abstract An increase in bleeding is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) despite the normal coagulation profile and fibrinogen level. The hemostatic deficit in these patients may due to the defects in fibrin formation. The fibrinokinetic profile of CKD (n=50) and ESRD patients on hemodialysis prior to and after dialysis was measured. Citrated plasma from each patient was supplemented with 25 μl of 5 U thrombin and 25 μl of 0.05 M CaCl. The rate of fibrin formation was measured by monitoring the optical density (OD) at 405 nM. After reaching steady state, 50 μl of urokinase (30,000 U/ml) was added to measure the fibrinolytic profile. Forty normal male and female individuals were also analyzed. In addition PT, aPTT and fibrinogen levels were also measured. The normal male and female fibrinokinetic profile showed a strong clot formation with the clot reaching an average OD of 1.2±0.3 (range 0.7–1.4). In the CKD patients a much weaker clot was formed with an average OD of 0.21±0.13 (range 0.05–0.41). In the ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis, the pre-dialysis sample showed a weaker fibrinokinetic profile reaching near normal levels with a clot density of 1.3±0.4 (range 0.8–1.6). In the urokinase induced fibrinolysis assay, the CKD patients plasma exhibited a much stronger fibrinolytic index in comparison to the normal population (80% clot lysis vs. 20%). In the ESRD patients the clot lysis profile was relatively weaker in comparison to the CKD patients, suggesting that hemodialysis may contribute to impaired clot formation. These results are contrary to the reported observations that dense clot resistant to fibrinolysis are formed in CKD and ESRD patients. Furthermore the clot sobserved in these patients were highly susceptible to lysis. The maintenance hemodialysis results in improving the fibrinokinetic and fibrinolytic profile in the ESRD patients. Therefore maintenance hemodialysis contributes to improved hemostasis in ESRD patients.

scholarly journals Study of dermatological manifestations amongst patients with chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Manish Kadam ◽  
Pranita Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in India is increasing with an estimated annual incidence of about 100 per million populations. Hemodialysis is one of the therapeutic modalities which can improve the survival in these patients. About 50–100% of patients with ESRD have at least one associated cutaneous change Skin problems are common and diverse in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among those on hemodialysis. Objective was<strong> </strong>to study dermatologic manifestations among patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive observational study was conducted in 77 consecutive chronic kidney disease patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis for more than 3 months at Manik Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 77 patients, 51 (66.23) of males and 26 (23.67) of females were examined. Male: Female ratio was 1.96: 1. The mean age was 51.17±15.22 years. Seventy three (94.08) patients had at-least one skin manifestation. Xerosis was the commonest manifestation (87.01), followed by pruritus (57.14). Cutaneous infections were noted in 55.84% patients. Fungal infections were more common with 27.27%. Mild xerosis was noted in 55.84% patients, 24.67% patients were moderate and whereas severe xerosis was noted in 6.49% patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic kidney disease patients have prolonged life expectancy due to hemodialysis, hence they should be looked for presence of various skin manifestations which can affect the usual work and cause sleep disturbance which adds to the morbidity and mortality.</p>

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease—Effect of Oxidative Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subha Palaneeswari Meenakshi Sundaram ◽  
Sivakumar Nagarajan ◽  
Arcot Jagdeeshwaran Manjula Devi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Effect ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Annual Mortality

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem with increasing incidence. The annual mortality of end-stage renal disease patients is about 9%, which is 10–20 fold higher than the general population, approximately 50% of these deaths are due to cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, are strongly associated with poor outcome. Many other nontraditional risk factors such as inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, anemia, and malnutrition are also present. In this review we will focus on the role of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Impact of Endodontic Therapy on Survival among Dialysis Patients in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Chih-Chien Chiu ◽  
Ya-Chieh Chang ◽  
Ren-Yeong Huang ◽  
Jenq-Shyong Chan ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Objectives Dental problems occur widely in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may increase comorbidities. Root canal therapy (RCT) is a common procedure for advanced decayed caries with pulp inflammation and root canals. However, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are considered to have a higher risk of potentially life-threatening infections after treatment and might fail to receive satisfactory dental care such as RCT. We investigated whether appropriate intervention for dental problems had a potential impact among dialysis patients. Design Men and women who began maintenance dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, in Taiwan (total 12,454 patients) were enrolled in this study. Participants were followed up from the first reported dialysis date to the date of death or end of dialysis by December 31, 2015. Setting Data collection was conducted in Taiwan. Results A total of 2633 and 9821 patients were classified into the RCT and non-RCT groups, respectively. From the data of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, a total of 5,092,734 teeth received RCT from 2000 to 2015. Then, a total of 12,454 patients were followed within the 16 years, and 4030 patients passed away. The results showed that members of the non-RCT group (34.93%) had a higher mortality rate than those of the RCT group (22.79%; p = 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of death was 0.69 (RCT vs. non-RCT; p = 0.001). Conclusions This study suggested that patients who had received RCT had a relatively lower risk of death among dialysis patients. Infectious diseases had a significant role in mortality among dialysis patients with non-RCT. Appropriate interventions for dental problems may increase survival among dialysis patients. Abbreviations: CKD = chronic kidney disease, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, RCT = root canal therapy.

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