scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota for Health by Current and Next-Generation Probiotics

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetta Satokari
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Specific Health

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem and has an essential role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Microbiota dysbiosis is associated with a number of intestinal and systemic conditions and its modulation for human health is of great interest. Gut microbiota is a source of novel health-promoting bacteria, often termed as next-generation probiotics in order to distinguish them from traditional probiotics. The previous lessons learned with traditional probiotics can help the development of next-generation probiotics that target specific health issues and needs.

scholarly journals Conversion of Rutin, a Prevalent Dietary Flavonol, by the Human Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Riva ◽  
Ditta Kolimár ◽  
Andreas Spittler ◽  
Lukas Wisgrill ◽  
Craig W. Herbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Activity Marker ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids ◽  
Activity Measure

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the conversion of dietary flavonoids, which can affect their bioavailability and bioactivity and thereby their health-promoting properties. The ability of flavonoids to metabolically-activate the microbiota has, however, not been systematically evaluated. In the present study, we used a fluorescence-based single-cell activity measure [biorthogonal non-canonical ammino acid-tagging (BONCAT)] combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to determine which microorganisms are metabolically-active after amendment of the flavonoid rutin. We performed anaerobic incubations of human fecal microbiota amended with rutin and in the presence of the cellular activity marker L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) to detect metabolically-active cells. We found that 7.3% of cells in the gut microbiota were active after a 6 h incubation and 26.9% after 24 h. We then sorted BONCAT-positive cells and observed an enrichment of Lachnospiraceae (Lachnoclostridium and Eisenbergiella), Enterobacteriaceae, Tannerellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae species in the rutin-responsive fraction of the microbiota. There was marked inter-individual variability in the appearance of rutin conversion products after incubation with rutin. Consistent with this, there was substantial variability in the abundance of rutin-responsive microbiota among different individuals. Specifically, we observed that Enterobacteriaceae were associated with conversion of rutin into quercetin-3-glucoside (Q-glc) and Lachnospiraceae were associated with quercetin (Q) production. This suggests that individual microbiotas differ in their ability to metabolize rutin and utilize different conversion pathways.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Steer ◽  
Hollie Carpenter ◽  
Kieran Tuohy ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractOne of the most topical areas of human nutrition is the role of the gut in health and disease. Specifically, this involves interactions between the resident microbiota and dietary ingredients that support their activities. Currently, it is accepted that the gut microflora contains pathogenic, benign and beneficial components. Some microbially induced disease states such as acute gastroenteritis and pseudomembranous colitis have a defined aetiological agent(s). Speculation on the role of microbiota components in disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, bowel cancer, neonatal necrotising enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are less well defined, but many studies are convincing. It is evident that the gut microflora composition can be altered through diet. Because of their perceived health-promoting status, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the commonest targets. Probiotics involve the use of live micro-organisms in food; prebiotics are carbohydrates selectively metabolized by desirable moieties of the indigenous flora; synbiotics combine the two approaches. Dietary intervention of the human gut microbiota is feasible and has been proven as efficacious in volunteer trials. The health bonuses of such approaches offer the potential to manage many gut disorders prophylactically. However, it is imperative that the best methodologies available are applied to this area of nutritional sciences. This will undoubtedly involve a genomic application to the research and is already under way through molecular tracking of microbiota changes to diet in controlled human trials.

scholarly journals Insights into the reason of Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB) being the natural inhabitants of the human gut and their potential health-promoting benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chyn Boon Wong ◽  
Toshitaka Odamaki ◽  
Jin-zhong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonise the human gut, and certain species are recognised as the natural resident of human gut microbiota. Their presence in the human gut has been associated with health-promoting benefits and reduced abundance of this genus is linked with several diseases. Bifidobacterial species are assumed to have coevolved with their hosts and include members that are naturally present in the human gut, thus recognised as Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB). The physiological functions of these bacteria and the reasons why they occur in and how they adapt to the human gut are of immense significance. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of bifidobacteria as members of the human gut microbiota and address factors that contribute to the preponderance of HRB in the human gut. We highlight some of the important genetic attributes and core physiological traits of these bacteria that may explain their adaptive advantages, ecological fitness, and competitiveness in the human gut. This review will help to widen our understanding of one of the most important human commensal bacteria and shed light on the practical consideration for selecting bifidobacterial strains as human probiotics.

Isolation of Desulfovibrio spp. from human gut microbiota using a next‐generation sequencing directed culture method

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.‐R. Chen ◽  
L.‐Z. Zhou ◽  
S.‐T. Fang ◽  
H.‐Y. Long ◽  
J.‐Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Generation Sequencing

scholarly journals Studying the gut virome in the metagenomic era: challenges and perspectives

BMC Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzhima Garmaeva ◽  
Trishla Sinha ◽  
Alexander Kurilshikov ◽  
Jingyuan Fu ◽  
Cisca Wijmenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract The human gut harbors a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. With the rise of next-generation sequencing technologies, we have seen a quantum leap in the study of human-gut-inhabiting bacteria, yet the viruses that infect these bacteria, known as bacteriophages, remain underexplored. In this review, we focus on what is known about the role of bacteriophages in human health and the technical challenges involved in studying the gut virome, of which they are a major component. Lastly, we discuss what can be learned from studies of bacteriophages in other ecosystems.

Confusion about the species richness of human gut microbiota

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Avershina ◽  
K. Rudi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Generation Sequencing

A key message from a range of high profile next generation sequencing studies on the human microbiota is that it composes a tremendously rich community of more than 1000 species within each one of us. Although more recent studies have shown estimates of between 100 and 200 species per individual, this has not yet been made clear in the literature. Currently, the most widely accepted estimate of species richness is therefore five to ten times too high. Here, we will review the different estimates of species richness in the literature, address potential sources of artefacts, the reluctance to correct these, and provide suggestions for future directions.

scholarly journals New insights into the interactions between Blastocystis, the gut microbiota, and host immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Deng ◽  
Lukasz Wojciech ◽  
Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne ◽  
Guangneng Peng ◽  
Kevin S. W. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis ◽  
Potential Interactions

The human gut microbiota is a diverse and complex ecosystem that is involved in beneficial physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. Blastocystis is a common protistan parasite and is increasingly recognized as an important component of the gut microbiota. The correlations between Blastocystis and other communities of intestinal microbiota have been investigated, and, to a lesser extent, the role of this parasite in maintaining the host immunological homeostasis. Despite recent studies suggesting that Blastocystis decreases the abundance of beneficial bacteria, most reports indicate that Blastocystis is a common component of the healthy gut microbiome. This review covers recent finding on the potential interactions between Blastocystis and the gut microbiota communities and its roles in regulating host immune responses.

In vitro study of the interaction between human gut microbiota and herbal extracts using willow bark extract as an example

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
EM Pferschy-Wenzig ◽  
K Koskinen ◽  
C Moissl-Eichinger ◽  
R Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Willow Bark
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