scholarly journals Role of Daily Milk Volume and Period of Lactation in Nutrient Content of Human Milk: Results from a Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Rigourd ◽  
Isabel Lopera ◽  
Florina Cata ◽  
Guy Benoit ◽  
Benedicte Jacquemet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Milk Volume

Most studies assessing the macronutrient content of human milk are published retrospectively using analyzers that fail to determine sodium content and do not take into account the role of volume in milk composition. We aimed to describe macronutrient content and sodium content in human milk over time, observe any associations between them, and determine the factors associated with the evolution of milk composition. A prospective, longitudinal, monocentric study was undertaken. Contents of protein, fat, and lactose of 102 milk samples from 40 mothers were determined using a human milk analyzer and that of sodium with a flame spectrophotometer. Milk volumes along with clinical data were recorded. Protein content in the fourth quartile of volume was significantly lower than that in the first three, suggesting the existence of a volume threshold for protein content at approximately 445 mL. After multivariate analysis, it was found that maternal age, average volume, and lactation period remained significantly associated with protein content, maternal age remained significantly associated with fat content, and only average volume with sodium content. In consideration of previous findings along with our data, we suggest that extra care should be taken with fortification for feeding preterm infants when the mother’s milk volume is greater than 400–450 mL.

scholarly journals Macronutrient and calorie content in preterm and term human milk at first three week after delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-8
Author(s):  
Dessy Shinta Murty ◽  
Hasriza Eka Putra ◽  
Sri Mulatsih ◽  
Neti Nurani ◽  
Tunjung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background The macronutrients in human milk change dynamically and vary among mothers. Evaluation of macronutrient content in human milk is needed to improve nutritional management in preterm infants. Objective To measure the macronutrient content in preterm and full term human milk during three lactation periods in the first three weeks after delivery. Methods We conducted a prospective study among 80 mothers of infants who were hospitalized in the Department of Perinatology/NICU at Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and caloric content were measured using a MIRIS human milk analyzer, once per week for three consecutive weeks after delivery. A single, daytime human milk specimen was collected in the morning by directly expressing from the breast. Results Median protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric contents of mature milk in the preterm group were 1.40 (IQR 0.38), 3.25 (IQR 1.00), 5.70 (IQR 0.80) g/dL, and 60 kcal/dL, respectively. Median protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric contents of mature milk in the full term group were 1.40 (IQR 0.35), 3.30 (IQR 0.77), 5.80 (IQR 0.75) g/dL, and 62 kcal/dL, respectively, at the third week after delivery. In both groups, protein content in the first week was significantly higher than in the third week (P<0.001) after delivery. In contrast, fat content in the first week was significantly lower than in the third week (P< 0.05) after delivery, in both groups. Conclusions There are no significant differences in macronutrient and caloric content between preterm and full term human milk during the first three weeks after delivery. However, there are significant changes in fat and protein content in both preterm and full term human milk during early lactation, between the first and third weeks.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Matteo Di Maso ◽  
Simone R. B. M. Eussen ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Guglielmo Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis

(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

Preterm human milk macronutrient concentration is independent of gestational age at birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. F50-F56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Maly ◽  
Iva Burianova ◽  
Veronika Vitkova ◽  
Eva Ticha ◽  
Martina Navratilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Group B ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth

ObjectiveTo evaluate the amount of macronutrients in aggregate of human milk samples after preterm delivery during the first 2 months of lactation.MethodsAnalysis of the donated single milk samples, gained by complete emptying of the whole breast at the same daytime between 24+0 and 35+6 gestational age (GA), was designed as prospective observational cohort trial. Two milk samples were analysed every postnatal week up to the discharge from the hospital, week 9 or loss of lactation. 24-Hour milk collection was not done. Analysis was performed using the MIRIS Human Milk Analyser (MIRIS AB, Uppsala, Sweden).ResultsA set of 1917 human milk samples donated by 225 mothers after preterm labour was analysed. Group A (24–30 GA) contains 969 milk samples; group B (31–35 GA) contains 948 milk samples. No difference in milk composition between the groups was identified. Median of true protein content decreased from 1.6 g/dL in group A and 1.5 g/dL in group B in the first week of life, to 1.1 g/dL in both groups at the end of week 3, and then remained stable up to week 9. Content of carbohydrates and fat was stable during the whole observation, with interindividual differences.ConclusionHuman milk does not differ as a function of degree of prematurity. Protein content of preterm human milk is low and decreases during the first 3 weeks of lactation. Recommended daily protein intake cannot be achieved with routine fortification in majority of milk samples.

The Role of Infant Sex on Human Milk Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadbagher Hosseini ◽  
Einollah Valizadeh ◽  
Nafiseh Hosseini ◽  
Shirin Khatibshahidi ◽  
Sina Raeisi
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Infant Sex

Role of Prolactin in Human Milk Composition and Serum Lipids Studied during Suppression of Galactorrhea with Bromocriptine

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sethumadhavan Kandan ◽  
Venkatasubramanian Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Pera Govindarajulu ◽  
Ramamurthy lndira ◽  
Thiruvengadam Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Milk Composition

scholarly journals A MALDI-TOF MS Approach for Mammalian, Human, and Formula Milks’ Profiling

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Francesco ◽  
Francesco Di Girolamo ◽  
Maurizio Mennini ◽  
Andrea Masotti ◽  
Guglielmo Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Tof Ms

Human milk composition is dynamic, and substitute formulae are intended to mimic its protein content. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentiality of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), followed by multivariate data analyses as a tool to analyze the peptide profiles of mammalian, human, and formula milks. Breast milk samples from women at different lactation stages (2 (n = 5), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 5), and 90 (n = 4) days postpartum), and milk from donkeys (n = 4), cows (n = 4), buffaloes (n = 7), goats (n = 4), ewes (n = 5), and camels (n = 2) were collected. Different brands (n = 4) of infant formulae were also analyzed. Protein content (<30 kDa) was analyzed by MS, and data were exported for statistical elaborations. The mass spectra for each milk closely clustered together, whereas different milk samples resulted in well-separated mass spectra. Human samples formed a cluster in which colostrum constituted a well-defined subcluster. None of the milk formulae correlated with animal or human milk, although they were specifically characterized and correlated well with each other. These findings propose MALDI-TOF MS milk profiling as an analytical tool to discriminate, in a blinded way, different milk types. As each formula has a distinct specificity, shifting a baby from one to another formula implies a specific proteomic exposure. These profiles may assist in milk proteomics for easiness of use and minimization of costs, suggesting that the MALDI-TOF MS pipelines may be useful for not only milk adulteration assessments but also for the characterization of banked milk specimens in pediatric clinical settings.

The composition of hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) milk: an adaptation for postnatal fattening

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav T. Oftedal ◽  
Daryl J. Boness ◽  
W. Don Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain

We obtained milk from 22 hooded seals on pack ice off the southeast coast of Labrador. Milk composition was not affected by degree of mammary evacuation or method of milk collection (drug immobilization vs. postmortem collection). Lactation stage exerted relatively little influence on milk composition over the course of the 4-day lactation period, but colostrum was higher in crude protein content. At mid to late lactation (2 – 4 days postpartum), hooded seal milk contains the highest dry matter (70%), fat (61%), and gross energy (5.9 kcal/g) contents that have been reported for any mammalian milk. This high fat content may be essential to achievement of the extremely rapid rate of fat deposition (about 4 kg/d) by suckling pups. The relatively low protein content (4.9%) at mid to late lactation is consistent with the small proportion of postnatal weight gain that is lean body mass. The proportion of milk energy contributed by protein is the lowest known for any mammal.

scholarly journals Variation and Interdependencies of Human Milk Macronutrients, Fatty Acids, Adiponectin, Insulin, and IGF-II in the European PreventCD Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grunewald ◽  
Hellmuth ◽  
Kirchberg ◽  
Mearin ◽  
Auricchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
European Countries ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact

Human milk composition is variable. The identification of influencing factors and interdependencies of components may help to understand the physiology of lactation. In this study, we analyzed linear trends in human milk composition over time, the variation across different European countries and the influence of maternal celiac disease. Within a multicenter European study exploring potential prevention of celiac disease in a high-risk population (PreventCD), 569 human milk samples were donated by women from five European countries between 16 and 163 days postpartum. Some 202 mothers provided two samples at different time points. Protein, carbohydrates, fat and fatty acids, insulin, adiponectin, and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) were analyzed. Milk protein and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased during the first three months of lactation. Fatty acid composition was significantly influenced by the country of residence. IGF-II and adiponectin concentrations correlated with protein content (r = 0.24 and r = 0.35), and IGF-II also correlated with fat content (r = 0.36), suggesting a possible regulatory role of IGF in milk macronutrient synthesis. Regarding the impact of celiac disease, only the level in palmitic acid was influenced by this disease, suggesting that breastfeeding by celiac disease mothers should not be discouraged.

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