Gut Health-Promoting Benefits of a Dietary Supplement of Vitamins with Inulin and Acacia Fibers in Rats

The study’s objective was to ascertain whether a nutritional multivitamin and mineral supplement enriched with two different dietary fibers influences microbiota composition, mineral absorption, and some immune and metabolic biomarkers in adult rats. Nine-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: the reference group; the group receiving a daily supplement based on a food matrix with proteins, vitamins, and minerals; and two other groups receiving this supplement enriched with inulin (V + I) or acacia (V + A) fiber for four weeks. Microbiota composition was determined in cecal content and mineral content in fecal, blood, and femur samples. Intestinal IgA concentration, hematological, and biochemical variables were evaluated. Both V + I and V + A supplementations increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla, which were associated with a higher presence of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. V + A supplementation increased calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc concentrations in femur. V + I supplementation increased the fecal IgA content and reduced plasma total cholesterol and uric acid concentration. Both fiber-enriched supplements tested herein seem to be beneficial to gut-health, although differently.

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Mineral absorption of diets containing natural carob fiber compared to cellulose, pectin and various combinations of these fibers Absorción de minerales de dietas que contienen fibra natural de algarrobas comparada con celulosa, pectina y varias combinaciones de estas fibras

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/108201320000600605 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 463-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.P. Vaquero ◽

L. Perez-Olleros ◽

M. Garcia-Cuevas ◽

M. Veldhuizen ◽

B. Ruiz-Roso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Absorption ◽

Calcium Absorption ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Liver Iron Concentration ◽

Liver Iron ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Mineral Absorption ◽

Apparent Absorption ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Calcium Magnesium

The influence of the consumption of natural carob fiber (NCF), an insoluble hypocholesterolemic fiber, as the unique dietary fiber or combined with cellulose (CEL) or pectin (PEC), on mineral bioavailability was studied. Six groups of rats were fed for 10 days diets containing 10% CEL, NCF, PEC or CEL+NCF, CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC mixtures at 50%. Food intake was lower with PEC than NCF and CEL+NCF, but final body weight was unaffected. Fecal weight showed significant differ ences in the following order: CEL, NCF, CEL+NCF > CEL+PEC, NCF+PEC > PEC. Percentage of calcium absorption was higher with CEL+PEC and NCF+PEC compared with the rest of fibers. Mag nesium absorption was also significantly enhanced in these two groups compared to NCF (p < 0.0004). Iron absorption did not show variations. Zinc apparent absorption was reduced by PEC, but the NCF+PEC mixture counterbalanced this effect. Liver iron was significantly lower with NCF+PEC than CEL, and liver iron concentration was significantly lower with NCF+PEC compared to CEL+PEC. Liver zinc was significantly higher with CEL+NCF than PEC while liver zinc concentrations were slightly higher with the former (p = 0.05 compared to NCF). The results indicate that NCF, compared to CEL and PEC, did not decrease the efficiency of calcium, magnesium and iron absorption in rats, while compared to PEC it increased zinc apparent absorption. Moreover, by combining NCF with PEC calcium and magnesium, absorptions enhanced in comparison with NCF alone, which was prob ably a result of the combination of soluble and insoluble fibers.

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Study of the nutritional dynamic in olive leaves: periods of analytical stability

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2017.v7.n1.04 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Juana Nieto ◽

Antonio García-Fuentes ◽

Llenalia M. García ◽

Emilia Fernández-Ondoño

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Winter Period ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Analytical Stability ◽

Opposite Behavior ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Olive Trees ◽

One Year

The aim of this study was to establish the evolution curves of macro- and micro-nutrients in olive leaves and the periods of time in which they are statistically stable and can be considered suitable for a nutritional diagnosis. The study was carried out in two farms of the province of Jaén (Andalucia, Southern Spain), with olive trees of the Picual variety, under an irrigation regime and no nutritional deficiencies over the entire year. The evolution curves of each nutrient had great similarities when comparing between farms and between periods. Only in some periods the farm “Poco Humo” had higher concentrations, probably due to the most favorable edaphic characteristics of this farm. Nitrogen and phosphorus showed minimum concentrations when the leaves were young and when they were one year old, and maximum concentrations during the winter. Potassium and boron showed higher concentrations when the leaves were young, and the concentrations decreased throughout the first year of life. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and manganese had the opposite behavior: these accumulated in leaf until reaching maximum values in winter and then remained stable, with some oscillations but without statistically significant differences. No changes were observed in the zinc concentrations in the sampled periods. Periods of at least two consecutive months without statistically significant differences were found during the winter period for all elements except nitrogen. Analytical stability was observed from the second fortnight of May till the first fortnight of August for all elements except phosphorus and boron.

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Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9121063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marco Tretola ◽

Federica Maghin ◽

Paolo Silacci ◽

Silvia Ampuero ◽

Giuseppe Bee

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Boar Taint ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Retrospective Data Analysis ◽

Hydrolysable Tannins ◽

Main Components ◽

The Impact

A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25–60 kg BW) and finisher (60–105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H−/L−) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H− had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L−, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.

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Effect of an Intermittent Meat Protein Diet on Colon Homeostasis

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 424-424

Author(s):

Xiaohui Li ◽

Chunbao Li ◽

Guanghong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Real Life ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Junction Protein ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives The level of dietary protein is a major factor determining gut health. The level of dietary protein is fluctuated in real life, which may affect colon homeostasis. However, it is still less known about it. Here, we investigated how an intermittent protein diet affected inflammatory, gut barrier and microbiota. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received either a casein or pork protein with (i) 20% protein (C), (ii) 5% protein, (iii) 40% protein, or intermittent diet, a diet alternating weekly between 5% protein and 40% protein ((iv) ending on 40% protein or (v) ending on 5% protein)) for up to 16 weeks. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, tight junction protein and gut microbiota composition were measured. Results The intermittent intake of casein decreased body weight, but intermittent pork protein diet didn't affect body weight. In casein group, the proinflammatory factors were highly upregulated in intermittent group ending on 5% protein, but the proinflammatory cytokines of intermittent group ending on 40% protein were not significantly affected. However, the two intermittent pork protein groups reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, intermittent diet altered gut microbiota composition. Intermittent casein group ending on 40% protein increased richness of gut microbiota, but intermittent pork protein group ending on 5% protein decreased richness and microbial diversity. Conclusions Intermittent diet indeed altered microbiota structure and colon health. In addition to protein level and source, dietary pattern is also an important parameter for host health. Funding Sources This work was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology (10000 Talent Project).

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The Interaction between the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases

10.5772/intechopen.99657 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Temitope Sanusi-Olubowale

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

The Right ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The world is experiencing an increase in chronic diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes preceding disease like gestational diabetes. Most of these diseases can be prevented and mitigated if individuals pay attention to the causative factors. One of such factors is the type of microorganisms in an individual’s gut. Even though there are innate beneficial microorganisms in the human gut, pathogenic microorganisms can invade the gut, changing the inborn population of the gut microbiota. The changes in the gut microbiota population have been linked to several diseases. This chapter, therefore, describes gut microbiota and their interaction with specific diseases. Also discussed in this chapter are the changes to gut microbiota composition that pose a risk to the host. There is substantial evidence that diseases are initiated or worsened with a change in the gut microbiota composition. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in individuals’ health and requires human efforts to keep them in the right population. Furthermore, making lifestyle changes, particularly food choices and behaviors such as the misuse of medications and excessive alcohol consumption, should be monitored and controlled to support gut health.

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Xylo-oligosaccharides from sugarcane show prebiotic potential in a dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the adult human large intestine

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2019.0159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Venema ◽

J. Verhoeven ◽

S. Verbruggen ◽

D. Keller

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Unidentified Species ◽

Human Adults ◽

Computer Controlled ◽

Vitro Model

The aim of the study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from sugarcane in a validated, dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) simulating human adults. In two sets of experiments, each with a different microbiota, 3 different doses of XOS were tested at 1.0 g/day, 1.5 g/day and 3.0 g/day. The in vitro model was run for 72 h, and at the start and subsequently every 24 h samples were taken and analysed for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gut microbiota composition. SCFA were analysed using ion chromatography, whereas microbiota composition was analysed using sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. XOS showed a similar SCFA production per gram of substrate as the control medium, including butyrate, which is considered to be important for gut health. In both sets of experiments XOS showed a consistent dose-dependent increase in abundance over time of the genus Bifidobacterium, and within that of the species B. adolescentis and an unidentified species (labelled ‘sp.1’). The results show the potential prebiotic effect of XOS from sugarcane, by its capacity to generate butyrate and increase the health-beneficial bifidobacteria.

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The use of exogenous enzymes to optimize gut function in pigs

10.19103/as.2021.0089.13 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 285-338

Author(s):

David Torrallardona ◽

◽

Joan Tarradas ◽

Núria Tous ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Animal Health ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Feed Manufacturing ◽

Gut Function ◽

Exogenous Enzymes ◽

Fattening Pigs

Exogenous enzymes are used in pig diets to improve the availability and digestibility of some non-accessible nutrients. As result of this enhanced digestion, short fragments of these molecules may become available in the distal foregut and the hindgut and modulate microbiota composition, gut barrier integrity, and overall animal health. This chapter reviews the effects of different exogenous enzymes (carbohydrases, phytases, proteases and lipases) on nutrient digestibility, gut microbial ecology, and barrier function and immunity of pigs at different ages (sows, weaned piglets, growing/fattening pigs). Exogenous enzymes are usually included into feeds as blends so they can complement each other’s activities and further improve the accessibility to non-digestible structures. Exogenous enzymes used in feed manufacturing for more than 30 years, initially to improve the digestive function of non-digestible nutrients (i.e. fibre, phytic acid, etc.), more recently other indirect actions on the regulation of gut microbiota and gut health have gained interest.

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Impacts of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on scallop (Chlamys farreri) gut health and gut microbiota composition

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149471 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 149471

Author(s):

Dongyu Li ◽

Jingjing Miao ◽

Luqing Pan ◽

Yueyao Zhou ◽

Zhongyuan Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chlamys Farreri ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

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Testing and validation of DRIS for apple tree

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000300012 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 288-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilmar Ribeiro Nachtigall ◽

Antonio Roque Dechen

Keyword(s):

Apple Tree ◽

Reference Group ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Tree Leaf ◽

Iron Manganese ◽

The Relationship ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Nutritional Balance ◽

Balance Index

To evaluate three procedures of the calculation of DRIS indices, as well as the efficiency of DRIS as a method for the interpretation of apple tree leaf analyses. This study uses data collected in apple producing areas of the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States, Brazil. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were determined in the leaf samples. The validation of the DRIS method used results of an experiment of potassium fertilization. The DRIS indices were calculated using two criteria for the choice of the ratio order of nutrients (F value ratio of variance of the relationships among nutrients between the reference group and the low productivity group, and R value - correlation coefficients between the productivity and the relationship between pairs of nutrients) and three forms of calculation of nutrient functions (methods of Beaufils, Jones and Elwali & Gascho). The Nutritional Balance Index (NBI) presented negative correlation with the productivity in all combinations. The DRIS method described by Elwali & Gascho, using the F value, presented a performance similar to the criterion of sufficiency range, and it can be used for the interpretation of foliar analysis of apple trees, because it presents values of the nutritional balance index that indicates the nutritional status of the plants, and for the efficiency in the nutritional diagnosis of the crop.

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