scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and Health Effects of Low Environmental Impact Diets: The “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujué Fresán ◽  
Winston J. Craig ◽  
Miguel A. Martínez-González ◽  
Maira Bes-Rastrollo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

Current dietary patterns are negatively affecting both the environment and people’s health. Healthy diets are generally more environmentally friendly. However, few studies have focused on the health consequences of diets with low environmental impact. We analyzed differences in the dietary composition (types of food, macro- and micro-nutrients) of those diets with high and low environmental impact, according to greenhouse gas emission and resources use (water, land and energy) using data from a Spanish cohort (17,387 participants), collected by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox analyses were used to assess the association of dietary environmental impact with total mortality risk. At a given level of energy intake, diets with lower environmental impact contained higher amounts of plant-based foods and lower levels of animal-derived products. Less polluting diets involved higher amounts of polyunsaturated fats and dietary fiber and lower amounts of saturated fats and sodium. However, diets associated with less environmental damage also contained more added sugars, but lower levels of vitamin B12, zinc and calcium. We did not detect any association between dietary environmental impact and risk of mortality. Diets should not only produce minimal environmental impact, but the maximum overall benefits for all key dimensions encompassed in sustainable diets.

Novel Energy Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Space-Conditioning Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Refrigerant

Abstract This paper discusses several different approaches to increase the energy efficiency and decrease the environmental impact of space-conditioning systems. The use of microchannel components and hydronic coupling is presented as a method to drastically reduce the size and refrigerant inventories of the refrigerant-carrying components of vapor-compression heat pumps. Design aspects of heat pumps using carbon dioxide, a natural refrigerant with minimal environmental impact, are discussed, and novel component geometries that offer compactness are presented. The advantages of absorption heat pumps using waste heat and natural gas are discussed, and innovative component designs are presented. It is believed that these innovations will hasten the commercialization of these environmentally benign alternatives to CFC- and HCFC-based vapor-compression systems. The environmental benefits of waste heat-driven absorption chillers are quantified in terms of the energy savings, greenhouse gas emission reductions, and installed electric power reductions. Ground coupling of these heat pumps is also discussed, with specific examples of the performance improvement over similar air-coupled heat pumps.

scholarly journals Designing healthier and acceptable diets using data envelopment analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2290-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris Kanellopoulos ◽  
Johanna C Gerdessen ◽  
Ante Ivancic ◽  
Johanna M Geleijnse ◽  
Jacqueline M Bloemhof-Ruwaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Optimisation Techniques

AbstractObjective:The objective of this research is to propose methodology that can be used to benchmark current diets based on their nutrient intakes and to provide guidelines for improving less healthy diets in a way that is acceptable for the studied population.Design:We discuss important limitations of current diet models that use optimisation techniques to design healthier and acceptable diets. We illustrate how data envelopment analysis could be used to overcome such limitations, and we describe mathematical models that can be used to calculate not only healthier but also acceptable diets.Setting:We used data from the Nutrition Questionnaires plus dataset of habitual diets of a general population of adult men and women in The Netherlands (n 1735).Participants:Adult population.Results:We calculated healthier diets with substantial higher intakes of protein, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg and vitamins, and substantially lower intakes of Na, saturated fats and added sugars. The calculated diets are combinations of current diets of individuals that belong to the same age/gender group and comprise of food item intakes in proportions observed in the sample.Conclusions:The proposed methodology enables the benchmarking of existing diets and provides a framework for proposing healthier alternative diets that resemble the current diet in terms of foods intake as much as possible.

scholarly journals Conversion Technologies: Evaluation of Economic Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis for Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Ali ◽  
Nik Nor Liyana Nik Ibrahim ◽  
Hon Loong Lam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Network Synthesis ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Conversion Technologies

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the conversion technologies of MSW. This study optimizes MSW conversion technologies using a PNS tool, the “process graph” (P-graph). The four highest compositions (i.e., food waste, agriculture waste, paper, and plastics) of MSW generated in Malaysia were optimized using a P-graph. Two types of conversion technologies were considered, biological conversion (anaerobic digestion) and thermal conversion (pyrolysis and incinerator), since limited data were available for use as optimization input. All these conversion technologies were compared with the standard method used: landfilling. One hundred feasible structure were generated using a P-graph. Two feasible structures were selected from nine, based on the maximum economic performance and minimal environmental impact. Feasible structure 9 was appointed as the design with the maximum economic performance (MYR 6.65 billion per annum) and feasible structure 7 as the design with the minimal environmental impact (89,600 m3/year of greenhouse gas emission).

scholarly journals ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS DAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT STRATEGI PERUBAHAN JENIS BAHAN PELEDAK DI PT SEMEN BATURAJA (PERSERO) TBK

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Heddy Ardies
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Type Change ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Blasting Method

On limestone blasting activities besides safety there are two other important factors that must be highly considered, that are productivity and environmental impacts that caused, along with the replacement of the blasting contractor at PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk and accompanied by the strategy of explosive type change that used from ANFO with electric detonator to DABEX with non electric detonator. So, it is necessary an analysis of productivity and environmental impacts that caused, whether for the better or vice versa. The research method that used is qualitative triangulation research using data from direct observation in field, managing documentation data and conducting deep interview with parties who are directly or indirectly involved on limestone blasting activities. Interview was conducted with 10 samples representing representatives of Mining Division work unit with representatives from Echelon 1, Echelon III, Echelon IV and daily workers. From the testing data obtained that the strategy of explosive type change from productivity side is better and more efficient whereas from environmental impacts caused side is not better especially with the use of DABEX which cause an increased level of vibration. Based on these results, it is necessary to make improvements to the blasting method or to find for other alternative explosives that can increase productivity but have minimal environmental impact.

A Preliminary Test of the Impact of De-Globalization on MNC Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-428
Author(s):  
Hilla Peretz ◽  
Michael J. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Institutional Fit ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTWe offer a preliminary examination of whether national and organizational level contexts amplify or reduce the effects of de-globalization on the performance of MNCs. Theoretically, we borrow ideas from both event system theory and institutional fit to propose a model explicating key dimensions of the relationship between de-globalization, national and organizational context, and MNC performance. We then test our ideas using data assembled from 283 MNCs in 20 countries. We find that while de-globalization has a negative effect on MNC performance, national and organizational level contextual endowments do moderate this relationship. We discuss some implications of our findings and highlight attendant limitations.

ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING NATURAL DISASTER: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

2002 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The linkages between disaster and environmental damage are recognized as important to predicting, preventing and mitigating the impact of disasters. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures are well developed for non-ndisaster situations. However, they are conceptually and operationally inappropriate for use in disaster conditions, particularly in the first 120 days after the disaster has begun. The paper provides a conceptual overview of the requirements for an environmental impact assessment procedure appropriate for disaster conditions. These requirements are captured in guidelines for a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REA) for use in disasters. The REA guides the collection and assessment of a wide range of factors which can indicate: (1) the negative impacts of a disaster on the environment, (2) the impacts of environmental conditions on the magnitude of a disaster and, (3) the positive or negative impacts of relief efforts on environmental conditions. The REA also provides a foundation for recovery program EIAs, thus improving the overall post disaster recovery process. The REA is designed primarily for relief cadres, but is also expected to be usable as an assessment tool with disaster victims. The paper discusses the field testing of the REA under actual disaster conditions.

An optimal plan for food consumption with minimal environmental impact: the case of school lunch menus

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Benvenuti ◽  
Alberto De Santis ◽  
Fabio Santesarti ◽  
Luigino Tocca
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Optimal Plan ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

A Heideggerian Analysis of Renewable Energy and The Electric Grid

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-315
Author(s):  
Rudy Kahsar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Commodity Chain ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

Renewable energy technology is often seen as a positive expression of technology, meeting energy needs with minimal environmental impact. But, by integrating nature (e.g., wind and sunlight) with the ordering of the electric grid, renewables silently convert that nature into what Martin Heidegger referred to as standing reserve—resources of the technological commodity chain to be ordered, controlled, converted, and consumed on demand. However, it may be possible to mitigate the downsides of this process through a transition to more decentralized, local sources of renewable energy operations and management that maintain awareness of the ways in which energy is generated and distributed.

Abstract MP49: Sugar Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and risk of Mortality in US adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanti S Malik ◽  
An Pan ◽  
Lawrence de Koning ◽  
Eva Schernhammer ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artificially Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the single largest source of calories and added sugars in the US diet and regular consumption has been associated with weight gain and risk of chronic diseases. Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are often suggested as alternatives to SSB but little is known about their long-term health effects. Whether consumption of SSBs or ASBs is associated with risk of mortality is unknown. Methods: We prospectively followed 38,602 men from the Health Professional’s Follow-up study (1986-2010) and 82,592 women from the Nurses’ Health study (1980-2010) who were free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires every 4 years and Cox Proportional Hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We documented 27,691 deaths (6,631 CVD and 10,447 cancer deaths) during 3.14 million person-years. After adjusting for major dietary and lifestyle risk factors, and BMI, baseline diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, consumption of SSBs was associated with an increased risk of total mortality, which was mainly driven by CVD mortality among individuals consuming at least 2 servings per day; pooled HRs (95% CIs) across categories (<1/month, 1-4/month, 2-6/week, 1-<2/day and ≥2/day) were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 0.98), 0.96 (0.93, 0.99), 1.02 (0.96, 1.08), and 1.18 (1.04, 1.33), respectively (P-trend= 0.0001) for total mortality, and 1.00, 0.97 (0.90, 1.02), 0.96 (0.90, 1.02), 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) and 1.28 (1.09, 1.51), respectively (P-trend=0.007) for CVD mortality. In contrast, ASBs were not associated with mortality; pooled HR’s (95% CIs) across categories (<1/month, 1-4/month, 2-6/week, 1-<2/day and ≥2/day) were 1.00, 0.92 (0.89, 0.95), 0.91 (0.86, 0.97), 0.91 (0.86, 0.95) and 0.99 (0.85, 1.15), respectively (P-trend=0.50) for total mortality and 1.00, 0.86 (0.80, 0.92), 0.87 (0.81, 0.94), 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) and 0.96 (0.74, 1.25), respectively (P-trend=0.99) for CVD mortality. No associations were observed with cancer mortality for either SSBs or ASBs in multi-variable adjusted models. Conclusion: Regular consumption of SSBs is associated with an increased risk of total and CVD mortality, providing additional support for recommendations and policies to limit intake of these beverages.

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