scholarly journals Nutritional and Behavioral Approaches to Body Composition and Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation Management for Older Adults in the Ordinary and COVID-19 Times

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3898
Author(s):  
Jasminka Z. Ilich
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Bioactive Food Components ◽  
Personalized Health ◽  
Personalized Health Care ◽  
Poor Nutrition

As more insight is gained into personalized health care, the importance of personalized nutritional and behavioral approaches is even more relevant in the COVID-19 era, in addition to the need for further elucidation regarding several diseases/conditions. One of these concerning body composition (in this context; bone, lean and adipose tissue) is osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome. OSA occurs most often with aging, but also in cases of some chronic diseases and is exacerbated with the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI). OSA has been associated with poor nutrition, metabolic disorders and diminished functional abilities. This paper addresses various influences on OSA and LGCI, as well as their mutual action on each other, and provides nutritional and behavioral approaches which could be personalized to help with either preventing or managing OSA and LGCI in general, and specifically in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressed in more detail are nutritional recommendations for and roles of macro- and micronutrients and bioactive food components; the microbiome; and optimal physical activity regimens. Other issues, such as food insecurity and nutritional inadequacy, circadian misalignment and shift workers are addressed as well. Since there is still a lack of longer-term primary studies in COVID-19 patients (either acute or recovered) and interventions for OSA improvement, this discussion is based on the existing knowledge, scientific hypotheses and observations derived from similar conditions or studies just being published at the time of this writing.

scholarly journals Low-grade chronic inflammation is attenuated by exercise in obese adults through down-regulation of ASC gene: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Barrón-Cabrera ◽  
Karina González-Becerra ◽  
Gustavo Rosales-Chávez ◽  
Alondra Mora-Jiménez ◽  
Iván Hernández-Cañaveral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Adults

Abstract Background Several factors are related to lifestyle behaviors, like physical inactivity and unbalanced diets, which increase the risk of developing obesity and thus represent an important health problem worldwide. Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and an excess of adipose tissue. The ASC protein is part of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytosolic multiprotein complex that is associated with inflammation and metabolic alterations. Purpose To evaluate the effect of a moderate-intensity structured exercise intervention on ASC gene expression and inflammatory markers in obese adults. Methods Thirty-seven obese individuals aged 25 to 50 years were randomized to the diet-exercise group or diet-group. The participants underwent a 4-month follow-up. Electrical bioimpedance was used for body composition analysis. Biochemical data were analyzed by dry chemistry and insulin levels by ELISA. Gene expression from peripheral blood was performed using real-time PCR. Dietary data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro™ software. Quantification of cytokines was conducted using Bio-Plex Pro™ Human cytokine. The Astrand-Ryhming test was used to estimate the maximum oxygen volume and design the moderate-intensity structured exercise program. Results After the intervention, both study groups significantly improved body composition (decrease weight, fat mass, waist circumference and abdominal obesity, p < 0.05). Besides, the diet-exercise group significantly decreased ASC mRNA expression, MCP-1, and MIP-1β inflammatory cytokines compared to the diet-group (p < 0.05). While in the diet- group, MCP-1 and IL-8 exhibited significantly decreased levels (p < 0.05). In the diet-exercise group, a positive correlation between the atherogenic index and waist circumference was found (r = 0.822, p = 0.011), and a negative correlation was observed between the delta of ASC mRNA expression and IL-10 levels at the end of the intervention (r=-0.627, p = 0.019). Conclusion Low-grade chronic inflammation was attenuated through individualized exercise prescription and our findings highlight the role of the ASC gene in the inflammation of obese adults.

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasminka Z. Ilich ◽  
Jennifer C. Gilman ◽  
Selma Cvijetic ◽  
Dario Boschiero
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors for many diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrative review were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influence osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO). We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress and inflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidence shows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute to osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most deranged state of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. The foods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute to stress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stress and inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients’ levels. While nutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and their quantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressful state, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Low-grade chronic inflammation is attenuated by exercise training in obese adults through down-regulation of ASC gene in peripheral blood: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Barrón-Cabrera ◽  
Karina González-Becerra ◽  
Gustavo Rosales-Chávez ◽  
Alondra Mora-Jiménez ◽  
Iván Hernández-Cañaveral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Adults

Abstract Background: Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and an excess of adipose tissue. The ASC gene encodes a protein that is part of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytosolic multiprotein complex that is associated with inflammation and metabolic alterations. To our knowledge, there is no evidence regarding ASC gene activity in obese adults in response to lifestyle modifications. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hypocaloric diet and moderate-intensity structured exercise intervention on ASC gene expression and inflammatory markers in obese adults. Methods: Thirty-seven obese individuals aged 25 to 50 years were randomized to the hypocaloric diet exercise group or hypocaloric diet group. The participants underwent a 4-month follow-up. Electrical bioimpedance was used for body composition analysis. Biochemical data were analyzed by dry chemistry and insulin levels by ELISA. ASC gene expression from peripheral blood was performed using real-time PCR. Dietary data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro™ software. Quantification of cytokines was conducted using Bio-Plex Pro™ Human cytokine. The Astrand-Ryhming test was used to estimate the maximum oxygen volume and design the moderate-intensity structured exercise program ~75% heart rate (HR). Results: After the intervention, both study groups significantly improved body composition (decreased weight, fat mass, waist circumference and abdominal obesity, p<0.05). Besides, the diet-exercise group significantly decreased ASC mRNA expression, MCP-1, and MIP-1β inflammatory cytokines compared to the diet group (p<0.05). While in the diet group, MCP-1 and IL-8 exhibited significantly decreased levels (p<0.05). In the diet-exercise group, a positive correlation between the atherogenic index and waist circumference was found (r=0.822, p=0.011), and a negative correlation was observed between the delta of ASC mRNA expression and IL-10 levels at the end of the intervention (r=-0.627, p=0.019). Conclusion: Low-grade chronic inflammation was attenuated through individualized exercise prescription and our findings highlight the role of the ASC gene in the inflammation of obese adults.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT04315376. Registered 20 March 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04315376

scholarly journals NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Possible Link Between Obesity-Associated Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ahechu ◽  
Gabriel Zozaya ◽  
Pablo Martí ◽  
José Luis Hernández-Lizoáin ◽  
Jorge Baixauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Low Grade

scholarly journals DUSP1 Is a Potential Marker of Chronic Inflammation in Arabs with Cardiovascular Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Khadir ◽  
Sina Kavalakatt ◽  
Mohammed Dehbi ◽  
Monira Alarouj ◽  
Abdullah Bennakhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Diabetes Status

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks persist in patients despite the use of conventional treatments. This might be due to chronic inflammation as reflected in epidemiological studies associating circulating low-grade inflammatory markers with CVD recurrent events. Here, we explored this potential link by assessing plasma dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) levels and comparing them to high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels and their associations to conventional CVD risk factors in confirmed CVD patients. Methods. Human adults with reported CVD (n=207) and controls (n=70) living in Kuwait were used in this study. Anthropometric and classical biochemical parameters were determined. Plasma levels of DUSP1, oxLDL, and hsCRP were measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results. DUSP1 and hsCRP plasma levels and their least square means were higher in CVD cases, while oxLDL plasma levels were lower (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DUSP1 and hsCRP are independently associated with CVD in the studied population, as reflected by 2-fold and 1.5-fold increased risks with increased levels of DUSP1 and hsCRP, respectively. In our study, DUSP1 levels were found to be associated with CVD despite statin treatment and diabetes status (p<0.05), whereas hsCRP mainly correlated with obesity markers. Conclusions. Circulating DUSP1 might be a predictor of chronic subclinical inflammation and residual risk in CVD patients, whereas our data suggest that the association between hsCRP and CVD is largely accounted for adiposity risk factors.

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