Gestation Food Restriction and Refeeding Compensate Maternal Energy Status and Alleviate Metabolic Consequences in Juvenile Offspring in a Rabbit Model

Nutritional status during gestation can influence mother and offspring metabolism. Undernutrition in pregnancy affects women in both western and developing countries, and it is associated with a high prevalence of chronic diseases in later life. The present work was conducted in the rabbit model, as a longitudinal study, to examine the effect of food restriction during early and mid-gestation, and re-feeding ad libitum until the end of pregnancy on metabolic status and body reserves of mother and, its association with development and metabolism of fetuses and female offspring to the juvenile stage. Little changes in live body weight (LBW), compensatory feed intake, similar body reserves, and metabolism were observed in dams. Placenta biometry and efficiency were slightly affected, but fetal BW and phenotype were not modified. However, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia were demonstrated in pre-term fetuses. In the juvenile period, these changes were not evidenced, and a similar pattern of growth and serum metabolic parameters in offspring of food-restricted mothers were found, except in serum aminotransferases levels, which increased. These were associated with higher liver fibrosis. Maternal food restriction in the early and mid-pregnancy followed by re-feeding in our rabbit model established a compensatory energy status in dams and alleviated potential long-term consequences in growth and metabolism in the offspring, even if fetal metabolism was altered.

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The effect of level of milk intake and protein content in the post-weaning diet on internal fat distribution of lambs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600024491 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 ◽

pp. 123-123

Author(s):

T. Manso ◽

A.R. Mantecón ◽

M.A. Chaso ◽

P. Lavin ◽

T. Castro

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Effect Of Food

The effect of food restriction and subsequent realimentation depends on age of animals at restriction and energy/protein relationship during post-restriction period (Ryan, 1990). In Spanish Churra breed the internal fat depots are the most important energy reserves (Frutos et al., 1991) and the proportion of different depots after restriction could be affect to recovery during realimentation.The aim of this paper is to study the effect of level of intake during milk-fed period and the protein content in the diet during the post-weaning period on the performance and different internal fat depots in the Churra lambs until they were 20 Kg of live weigth (LW).

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The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174415007965 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 320-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Gugusheff ◽

P. Sim ◽

A. Kheng ◽

S. Gentili ◽

M. Al-Nussairawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Later Life ◽

Hepatic Function ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact

Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.

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Effect of food restriction on the insulin signalling pathway in rat skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 602-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana Alonso ◽

Yolanda Fernández ◽

Rebeca Fernández ◽

Patricia Ordóñez ◽

María Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Insulin Signalling ◽

Signalling Pathway ◽

Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽

Insulin Signalling Pathway ◽

Effect Of Food

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Maternal food restriction in rats of the F0 generation increases retroperitoneal fat, the number and size of adipocytes and induces periventricular astrogliosis in female F1 and male F2 generations

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd15309 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. O. Joaquim ◽

C. P. Coelho ◽

P. Dias Motta ◽

L. F. Felício ◽

E. F. Bondan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Bodyweight Gain ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Acidic Protein ◽

Female Rats ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Gfap Expression ◽

F2 Generation ◽

F1 Generation

The present study investigated whether male offspring (F2 generation) from female rats (F1 generation) whose mothers (F0 generation) were food restricted during gestation inherit a phenotypic transgenerational tendency towards being overweight and obese in the juvenile period, in the absence of food restriction in the F1/F2 generations. Dams of the F0 generation were 40% food restricted during pregnancy. Bodyweight, the number and size of larger and small hypodermal adipocytes (HAs), total retroperitoneal fat (RPF) weight and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in periventricular hypothalamic astrocytes (PHAs), as determined by immunohistochemistry, were evaluated in both generations. In the female F1 generation, there was low bodyweight gain only during the juvenile period (30–65 days of age), a decrease in the size of small adipocytes, an increase in the number of small adipocytes, an increase in RPF weight and an increase in GFAP expression in PHAs at 90–95 days of age. In males of the F2 generation at 50 days of age, there was increased bodyweight and RPF weight, and a small number of adipocytes and GFAP expression in PHAs. These data indicate that the phenotypic transgenerational tendency towards being overweight and obese was observed in females (F1) from mothers (F0) that were prenatally food restricted was transmitted to their male offspring.

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The Effect of Food Restriction on Appetite Regulating Hormones and Adiponectin Activity

The Korean Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.4163/kjn.2012.45.1.5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Ki Hoon Kim ◽

Hyun Kook Kim

Keyword(s):

Food Restriction ◽

Effect Of Food

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Olfactory bulbectomy counteracts inhibitory effect of food restriction on reproductive function

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1891 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 266 (6) ◽

pp. R1891-R1895

Author(s):

D. R. Pieper ◽

C. A. Lobocki ◽

K. H. Karo

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Olfactory Bulbs ◽

Gonadotropin Secretion ◽

Golden Hamsters ◽

Testicular Regression ◽

Effect Of Food ◽

Ad Libitum

Previous studies have shown that bilateral removal of the olfactory bulbs (BX) results in a large increase in gonadotropin secretion in golden hamsters. The principal question addressed by the present study was whether BX would offset the inhibitory effect of food restriction on reproductive function. BX or sham (SH) BX male golden hamsters were fed ad libitum or were restricted to only enough food to maintain them at 70% of the body weight of control groups fed ad libitum. The SH-70% group underwent marked testicular regression after approximately 6-8 wk, but the testes size of the BX-70% hamsters decreased only in proportion to the decrease in body weight. The BX food-restricted group had to be fed more food to maintain the same weight as the SH-70% hamsters, and the BX-70% group also had a higher core body temperature, lower percent body fat, and higher serum free thyroxine levels than SH food-restricted animals. In summary, removal of the olfactory bulbs appears to facilitate tonic gonadotropin secretion, such that food restriction is no longer capable of inducing testicular regression. In addition, the olfactory bulbs may have a strong influence on metabolic function in golden hamsters.

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