scholarly journals Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Adam Lepczyński ◽  
Małgorzata Ożgo ◽  
Katarzyna Michałek ◽  
Alicja Dratwa-Chałupnik ◽  
Marta Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD (n = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3–14:1, and n-6/n-3–5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow. For this purpose, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed cardiac proteins, and a histological examination of cardiac morphology. The results indicated that mice fed with all HFDs developed signs of hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Animals fed SFA-rich HFD manifested the most severe cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis lesions, whereas less pronounced changes were observed in the group of animals that ingested the highest amount of omega-3 FA. In general, all HFDs, regardless of FA composition, evoked a comparable pattern of cardiac protein changes and affected the following biological processes: lipid metabolism and FA β-oxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, respiratory chain, myocardium contractility, oxidative stress and PUFA eicosanoid metabolism. However, it should be noted that three proteins, namely IDH3A, LDHB, and AK1, were affected differently by various FA contents. High expression of these myocardial proteins found in the group of animals fed a HFD with the highest n-3 PUFA content could be closely related to the observed development of hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Effects of high-fat diets rich in either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-R. Lou ◽  
Q.-Y. Peng ◽  
T. Li ◽  
C. M. Medvecky ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Gut Mucosal Proteins and Bacteriome Are Shaped by the Saturation Index of Dietary Lipids

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nijiati Abulizi ◽  
Candice Quin ◽  
Kirsty Brown ◽  
Yee Chan ◽  
Sandeep Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been attributed to high-fat dietary intake. However, we recently clarified that the type of fat, not calories, were important in the development of murine colitis. To further understand the host-microbe dynamic in response to dietary lipids, we fed mice isocaloric high-fat diets containing either milk fat, corn oil or olive oil and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the colon microbiome and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the colonic metaproteome. The corn oil diet, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while saturated fatty acids promoted compensatory inflammatory responses involved in tissue healing. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe interaction in the gut. While high-fat consumption has a distinct impact on the gut microbiota, the type of fatty acids alters the relative microbial abundances and predicted functions. These results support that the type of fat are key to understanding the biological effects of high-fat diets on gut health.

scholarly journals Maternal and Post-weaning High-Fat Diets Produce Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns in Hepatic Metabolic Pathways within Specific Genomic Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moody ◽  
Wang ◽  
Jung ◽  
Chen ◽  
Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Fat Diets

Calorie-dense high-fat diets (HF) are associated with detrimental health outcomes, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Both pre- and post-natal HF diets have been hypothesized to negatively impact long-term metabolic health via epigenetic mechanisms. To understand how the timing of HF diet intake impacts DNA methylation and metabolism, male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to either maternal HF (MHF) or post-weaning HF diet (PHF). At post-natal week 12, PHF rats had similar body weights but greater hepatic lipid accumulation compared to the MHF rats. Genome-wide DNA methylation was evaluated, and analysis revealed 1744 differentially methylation regions (DMRs) between the groups with the majority of the DMR located outside of gene-coding regions. Within differentially methylated genes (DMGs), intragenic DNA methylation closer to the transcription start site was associated with lower gene expression, whereas DNA methylation further downstream was positively correlated with gene expression. The insulin and phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling pathways were enriched with 25 DMRs that were associated with 20 DMGs, including PI3 kinase (Pi3k), pyruvate kinase (Pklr), and phosphodiesterase 3 (Pde3). Together, these results suggest that the timing of HF diet intake determines DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in hepatic metabolic pathways that target specific genomic contexts.

Influence of high-fat diet from differential dietary sources on bone mineral density, bone strength, and bone fatty acid composition in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Y. Lau ◽  
Val Andrew Fajardo ◽  
Lauren McMeekin ◽  
Sandra M. Sacco ◽  
Wendy E. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Previous studies have suggested that high-fat diets adversely affect bone development. However, these studies included other dietary manipulations, including low calcium, folic acid, and fibre, and (or) high sucrose or cholesterol, and did not directly compare several common sources of dietary fat. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets that differ in fat quality, representing diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), or n-6 PUFA, on femur bone mineral density (BMD), strength, and fatty acid composition. Forty-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were maintained for 65 days on high-fat diets (20% by weight), containing coconut oil (SFA; n = 10), flaxseed oil (n-3 PUFA; n = 10), or safflower oil (n-6 PUFA; n = 11). Chow-fed rats (n = 10), at 105 days of age, were included to represent animals on a control diet. Rats fed high-fat diets had higher body weights than the chow-fed rats (p < 0.001). Among all high-fat groups, there were no differences in femur BMD (p > 0.05) or biomechanical strength properties (p > 0.05). Femurs of groups fed either the high n-3 or high n-6 PUFA diets were stronger (as measured by peak load) than those of the chow-fed group, after adjustment for significant differences in body weight (p = 0.001). As expected, the femur fatty acid profile reflected the fatty acid composition of the diet consumed. These results suggest that high-fat diets, containing high levels of PUFA in the form of flaxseed or safflower oil, have a positive effect on bone strength when fed to male rats 6 to 15 weeks of age.

Brown fat thermogenesis in rats fed high-fat diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Oudart ◽  
R Groscolas ◽  
C Calgari ◽  
M Nibbelink ◽  
C Leray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Serum lipids, hepatic glycerolipid metabolism and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rats fed ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Rustan ◽  
E N Christiansen ◽  
C A Drevon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid

Rats were fed, for 3 weeks, high-fat (20% w/w) diets containing sunflower-seed oil, linseed oil or fish oil. Chow-fed rats were used as a low-fat reference. The high-fat diets markedly reduced non-fasting-rat serum triacylglycerol as compared with the low-fat reference, and the highest reduction (85%) was observed with the fish-oil group, which was significantly lower than that of the other high-fat diets. The serum concentration of phospholipids was significantly reduced (30%) only in the fish-oil-fed animals, whereas serum non-esterified fatty acids were reduced 40-50% by both the fish-oil- and linseed-oil-fed groups. The liver content of triacylglycerol showed a 1.7-fold increase with the fish-oil diet and 2-2.5-fold with the other dietary groups when compared with rats fed a low-fat diet, whereas the hepatic content of phospholipids was unchanged. Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (acyl-CoA oxidase) was 2-fold increased for the rats fed fish oil; however this was not significantly higher when comparison was made with rats fed the linseed-oil diet. There was no difference in phosphatidate hydrolysis (microsomal and cytosolic fractions) among animals fed the various diets. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity was increased by all high-fat diets, but the fish-oil-diet-fed group showed a significantly lower enzyme activity than did rats fed the other high-fat diets. A linear correlation between acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and liver triacylglycerol was observed, and the microsomal enzyme activity was decreased 40-50% by incubation in the presence of eicosapentaenoyl-CoA. CoA derivatives of arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic acid had no inhibitory effect when compared with the control. These results indicate that dietary fish oil may have greater triacylglycerol-lowering effect than other polyunsaturated diets, owing to decreased triacylglycerol synthesis caused by inhibition of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase. In addition, increased peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and decreased availability of non-esterified fatty acids could also contribute by decreasing the amounts of fatty acids as substrates for triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion.

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