scholarly journals Defining Nutritional and Functional Niches of Legumes: A Call for Clarity to Distinguish a Future Role for Pulses in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Chelsea Didinger ◽  
Henry J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Dietary Components

Legume food crops can contribute to the solution of diet-related public health challenges. The rich diversity of the botanical family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) allows legumes to fill numerous nutritional niches. Pulses (i.e., a subgroup of legumes including chickpeas, cowpeas, dry beans, dry peas, and lentils) are a nutrient-dense food that could play a key role in eliminating the dramatic underconsumption of dietary fiber and potassium, two dietary components of public health concern, all while maintaining a caloric intake that promotes a healthy weight status. However, incorrect use of terminology—in the commercial and scientific literature as well as in publications and materials prepared for the consuming public—creates confusion and represents a barrier to dissemination of clear dietary guideline messaging. The use of accurate terminology and a simple classification scheme can promote public health through differentiation among types of legumes, better informing the development and implementation of nutritional policies and allowing health care professionals and the public to capitalize on the health benefits associated with different legumes. Although inconsistent grouping of legumes exists across countries, the recently released 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) were chosen to illustrate potential challenges faced and areas for clarification. In the 2020–2025 DGA, pulses are included in two food groups: the protein food group and ‘beans, peas, lentils’ vegetable subgroup. To evaluate the potential of pulses to contribute to intake of key dietary components within calorie recommendations, we compared 100 kilocalorie edible portions of pulses versus other foods. These comparisons demonstrate the unique nutritional profile of pulses and the opportunity afforded by this type of legume to address public health concerns, which can be greatly advanced by reducing confusion through global harmonization of terminology.

Abstract P354: Percent of Americans Meeting Food Group Recommendations and Top Food Sources of Key Nutrients in the American Diet

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D Smith ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Norton Holschuh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends consumption of a healthy dietary pattern that includes nutrient-dense vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dairy, protein foods, and oils. However, many Americans are falling short on consuming the recommended amount of these food groups and greater disparities may exist within certain sociodemographic groups. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine where Americans were falling short in intake of food groups when stratified by sociodemographic characteristics and to determine which foods in the American diet were the top sources of whole grains and nutrients of public health concern (calcium, vitamin D, potassium, fiber and iron [for women and adolescent girls of childbearing age]). Methods: Data on consumption of food groups for Americans 2 years and older (excluding pregnant and lactating women; n=7,814) were taken from the Food Patterns Equivalent Database (FPED) 2015-2016. Usual intake of food groups was calculated based on 2 24-hr recalls using the National Cancer Institute method and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study weights. Top food sources of nutrients in the diet were calculated using NHANES 2015-2016 day 1 24-hr dietary recall data and foods were grouped according to the What We Eat in America categorization. Results: Over half of Americans 2 years and older met the intake recommendations for protein foods, oils, and total grains; however, far fewer met the recommendations for vegetables (12%), fruits (15%), whole grains (1%), or dairy (8%) intake. Patterns were similar across age groups although children and older adults were generally more likely to meet recommendations than adolescents and younger adults. Compared to men and boys, women and girls were more likely to meet recommendations for vegetables (14% vs 9%) and fruits (17% vs. 13%), and less likely to meet recommendations for total grains (50% vs 62%), dairy (5% vs 12%) and protein foods (43% vs 62%). The percent meeting recommendations for fruits, vegetables, whole grains and dairy remained low across racial/ethnic groups. Milk, ready-to-eat cereals, pizza, sandwiches, and breads were among the top sources of whole grains and the nutrients of public health concern for children. For adults, key foods included breads, ready-to-eat cereals, milk, and Mexican mixed dishes. Conclusion: Shifts in dietary patterns are needed to meet current recommendations across all age, gender, and racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Increasing the intake of key foods such as milk, ready-to-eat cereal, bread and mixed dishes may help Americans increase intake of under-consumed food groups and nutrients.

scholarly journals Modelling the Association between Core and Discretionary Energy Intake in Adults with and without Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Fong ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Andrew Hill ◽  
Michelle Cunich ◽  
Michael Skilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Core Energy ◽  
The Impact

Background: Many dietary recommendations for weight control rely on the assumption that greater core food intake will displace intake of energy-dense discretionary foods and beverages. However, there is little evidence to support these assumptions. This study examined the naturalistic relationship between daily core and discretionary energy intake, and with discretionary food and discretionary beverage intake, separately. The impact of weight status on these associations was also examined. Method: One hundred participants completed a four-day (non-consecutive) estimated food diary. Discretionary foods and beverages were identified by reference to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Non-discretionary items were considered core items. Simultaneous-equation random effects models using disaggregated dietary data controlling for sociodemographic variables were used to determine the association between various dietary components. Result: Core energy intake correlated negatively with discretionary energy intake (cross-equation correlation, ρ = −0.49 (95% CI: −0.57, −0.39)). Its correlation with discretionary foods (−0.47 (−0.56, −0.37)) was stronger than that with discretionary beverages (−0.19 (−0.30, −0.07)) The correlation between core energy intake and discretionary energy intake was significantly stronger in participants who did not have obesity (−0.67 (−0.71, −0.50)) than those with obesity (−0.32 (−0.46, −0.17)) (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Core and discretionary energy intake share an inverse and potentially bidirectional, relationship that appears to be stronger with discretionary foods than discretionary beverages. These relationships were significantly weaker in participants with obesity which may indicate less precise dietary compensation in these individuals. While strategies that promote greater intake of core foods may assist with weight maintenance in individuals of healthy weight, its impact in individuals with obesity may be limited. These strategies should be accompanied by direct messages to reduce commensurately the intake of discretionary items, with special attention paid to discretionary beverage consumption.

Übermäßiges Körpergewicht und Krebsrisiko

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1006-1014
Author(s):  
Hans Scherübl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Associated Tumors

AbstractExcess body weight (EBW) is the second most important and potentially modifiable risk factor of cancer in Germany. The longer and the more excess body weight a person has, the higher the cancer risk. About 60 % of adult Germans have EBW (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m²) and more than 23 % are obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). Excess body weight is causally associated with colorectal, esophageal (adenocarcinoma), gastric (cardia), pancreatic, biliary, hepatocellular, kidney, thyroid, breast (postmenopausal), endometrial and ovarian cancer as well as multiple myeloma and meningioma. In recent years, more and more young adults (20–40 years) were diagnosed with EBW-associated tumors. People with EBW should be encouraged to join programs of cancer screening. Keeping a healthy weight is a major public health concern in Germany.

scholarly journals Comparing the cost of essential nutrients from different food sources in the American diet using NHANES 2011–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Hess ◽  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Sanjiv Agarwal ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background One reason that some Americans do not meet nutrient needs from healthy eating patterns is cost. Food cost affects how people eat, and healthy diets tend to be more expensive. Cost is also important for diet sustainability. Sustainable eating patterns must be both nutritionally adequate and affordable. The objective of this study was to compare the cost of obtaining shortfall nutrients from different food groups to help identify cost-effective ways Americans can move towards healthy and sustainable eating patterns. Methods This analysis used dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 5876 children 2–18 years and n = 9953 adults 19–99 years). Americans’ nutrient intake from food categories in “What We Eat in America” and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was determined using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Food cost and the cost of nutrients were obtained from Center for Nutrition Promotion and Policy food cost database 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 (adjusted for inflation). Results The daily mean cost of food was $4.74 ± 0.06 for children and $6.43 ± 0.06 for adults. “Protein foods” and “mixed dishes” were the two most expensive food categories (43–45% of daily food costs), while “grains,” “fruits,” and “vegetables” combined accounted for ~ 18% of the daily cost, and “milk and dairy” accounted for 6–12% of total daily food costs in both adults and children. “Milk and dairy” were the least expensive dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in the American diet, while “grains” were the least expensive sources of iron and magnesium, and “protein foods” were the least expensive sources of choline. “Fruits” and “vegetables” were the least expensive sources of potassium and vitamin C, respectively, and “snacks and sweets” were the least expensive sources of vitamin E. Conclusion “Milk and dairy” were inexpensive sources of three of the four nutrients of public health concern (calcium, vitamin D, and potassium), while “grains” were the least expensive source of fiber. The results of this work reinforce the importance of consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods for cost-effective, sustainable eating patterns.

scholarly journals The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans food groups associated with decreased inflammation (370.3)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa El‐Abbadi ◽  
Paul Jacques ◽  
Honghuang Lin ◽  
Gail Rogers ◽  
Lisa Troy
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reported by rural, Northern Plains American-Indian children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jahns ◽  
Leander McDonald ◽  
Ann Wadsworth ◽  
Charles Morin ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) promote healthy dietary choices for all Americans aged 2 years and older; however, the majority of Americans do not meet recommendations. The goal of the present study was to identify both barriers and facilitators to adherence to DGA recommendations for consumption of five recommended food groups: grains (specifically whole grains), vegetables, fruits, meat/beans and milk (specifically reduced-fat/non-fat), among American-Indian children.DesignNominal group technique sessions were conducted to identify and prioritize children’s perceived barriers and facilitators to following the DGA, as presented in the ‘MyPyramid’ consumer education icon. After response generation to a single question about each food group (e.g. ‘What sorts of things make it harder (or easier) for kids to follow the MyPyramid recommendation for vegetables?’), children individually ranked their top five most salient responses. Ranked responses are presented verbatim.SettingA rural Northern Plains American-Indian reservation, USA.SubjectsSixty-one self-selected fifth-grade children.ResultsCore barriers for all food groups studied included personal preference (i.e. ‘don’t like’) and environmental (i.e. ‘cost too much’; ‘store is too far to get them’; ‘grandma don’t have’). Core facilitators included suggestions, i.e. ‘make a garden and plant vegetables’; ‘tell your friends to eat healthy’.ConclusionsBarriers and facilitators are dissimilar for individual food groups, suggesting that dietary interventions should target reduction of barriers and promotion of facilitators specific to individual food groups recommended by the DGA.

scholarly journals Comparing the Cost of Essential Nutrients from Different Food Sources in the American Diet (OR20-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Hess ◽  
Christopher Cifelli ◽  
Sanjiv Agarwal ◽  
Victor Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objectives The cost of food, along with several other factors, influences how people eat and is an important facet of sustainability. Sustainable eating patterns are both nutritionally adequate and affordable. The objective of this study was to compare the cost to the consumer of obtaining shortfall nutrients from different food groups: milk and dairy, protein foods, mixed dishes, grains, snacks & sweets, fruits, and vegetables. Methods This analysis used dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 5876 children age 2–18 years and 9953 adults age 19–99 years). Americans’ nutrient intake from food categories in “What We Eat in America” and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was determined using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Food cost and the cost of nutrients were obtained from Center for Nutrition Promotion and Policy food cost database 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 and adjusted for inflation. Results The daily mean cost of food was $4.74 ± 0.06 for children and $6.43 ± 0.06 for adults. “Protein foods” and “mixed dishes” were the two most expensive food categories (43–45% of daily food costs), and “milk and dairy” accounted for 6–12% of total daily food costs in both adults and children. “Milk and dairy” were also the least expensive dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in the American diet. “Protein foods” and “grains” were the main dietary sources of choline, and “protein foods” were also the least expensive sources of choline. “Grains” were the least expensive sources of iron and magnesium, while “fruits” and “vegetables” were the least expensive sources of potassium and vitamin C, respectively. “Snacks & sweets” were the least expensive sources of vitamin E. Although “milk and dairy” were not the least costly sources of potassium, magnesium and vitamin A, they were the second least expensive. Conclusions In addition to contributing essential nutrients to the American diet, “milk and dairy” are also inexpensive sources for several of these nutrients, including three of the four “nutrients of public health concern” (calcium, vitamin D, and potassium), indicating that dairy foods can be part of sustainable eating patterns. Funding Sources National Dairy Council.

History and Development of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H Lichtenstein ◽  
Allison Karpyn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Serving as a cornerstone of dietary policy in the United States, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) provide an important foundation for understanding the programs and policies that influence public health practice. In this chapter, we review the emergence and development of the guidelines beginning with their evolution from the Dietary Goals for Americans and moving through various iterations from 1980 until the current era in 2015. Topics include concrete reporting on recommendations, evolving principles of a healthy diet, and a discussion of controversies borne by industry lobbying groups and government mandates.

Experience-Based Perception of Vulnerability Factors to Child Sexual Abuse by Health Care Professionals in Nigeria: A Qualitative Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989732
Author(s):  
Adetola I. Ogunjimi ◽  
Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira ◽  
Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura ◽  
Jorge Luiz da Silva ◽  
Marta Angélica Iossi Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vulnerability Factors

Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains a major public health concern worldwide. In Africa, particularly, Nigeria, CSA is a silent, but lethal public health menace with prevalence reaching as high as 56% for different child sexual violence. Understanding the vulnerability factors of CSA promotes the creation of strategies toward prevention of CSA. Due to social stigmatization of victims and their families in Nigeria, it is difficult for researchers and policymakers to have access to firsthand information about predisposing factors to CSA, which negatively impacts efforts toward prevention of CSA. Health care professionals are sources of experience-based, anonymous information about various public health issues. This study aims to understand qualitatively health care professionals’ perception of vulnerability factors of CSA. The study presents a thematic content analysis of a semi-structured interview of 14 health care professionals working with sexually abused children in Nigeria, on their perception of vulnerability factors of CSA, while aligning the factors with known models of violence. Participants in the study reported several interrelated vulnerability factors involving the individual, sexual abuse perpetrator, family, environment, socioeconomic situations, and the lack or nonimplementation of policies against CSA. The study concludes that identifying these factors can assist health care professionals, parents, and family to better respond to child sexual violence cases and policymakers to create new strategies of preventing CSA, thereby improving the health and safety of children in Nigeria.

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