Dietary Patterns Derived from UK Supermarket Transaction Data with Nutrient and Socioeconomic Profiles

Poor diet is a leading cause of death in the United Kingdom (UK) and around the world. Methods to collect quality dietary information at scale for population research are time consuming, expensive and biased. Novel data sources offer potential to overcome these challenges and better understand population dietary patterns. In this research we will use 12 months of supermarket sales transaction data, from 2016, for primary shoppers residing in the Yorkshire and Humber region of the UK (n = 299,260), to identify dietary patterns and profile these according to their nutrient composition and the sociodemographic characteristics of the consumer purchasing with these patterns. Results identified seven dietary purchase patterns that we named: Fruity; Meat alternatives; Carnivores; Hydrators; Afternoon tea; Beer and wine lovers; and Sweet tooth. On average the daily energy intake of loyalty card holders -who may buy as an individual or for a household- is less than the adult reference intake, but this varies according to dietary purchase pattern. In general loyalty card holders meet the recommended salt intake, do not purchase enough carbohydrates, and purchase too much fat and protein, but not enough fibre. The dietary purchase pattern containing the highest amount of fibre (as an indicator of healthiness) is bought by the least deprived customers and the pattern with lowest fibre by the most deprived. In conclusion, supermarket sales data offer significant potential for understanding population dietary patterns.

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Evaluation of By-Products of Potato Peel as Food Additive

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317666210702110412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Ferhat Yuksel ◽

Aysun Durmaz

Keyword(s):

Food Additives ◽

Food Additive ◽

Potato Peel ◽

Important Food ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Nutritional Properties ◽

The World ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Important Food Source ◽

By Products

: The potato plant is an important food source produced all over the world and it provides a significant portion of daily energy intake in nourishment. In addition, a significant rate of vitamins, fibre, mineral matters, protein, and fat can be obtained by consuming potato. In this study, the production, consumption, and usage areas of potato, a crucial source of our diet, and the possibilities of using it as food additives with the nutritional properties of its peel have been investigated. Generally, potato is consumed after its peel is removed in the homes and industrial areas and many of these peels are disposed off as wastes. Studies show that potato peel has a high content of dietary fibre, protein, carbohydrate, mineral matters, vitamin, phenolic, and antioxidant. The use of potato peel as food additives have also been discussed in this study.

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Englishness

10.1093/oso/9780198870784.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ailsa Henderson ◽

Richard Wyn Jones

Keyword(s):

Public Attitudes ◽

Political Life ◽

British Politics ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Political Implications ◽

The World ◽

The Uk ◽

English Nationalism ◽

Opinion Polls ◽

Different Parts

For a topic that until recently was presumed not to exist, English nationalism has transformed into an apparently obvious explanation for the Brexit result in England. Subsequent opinion polls have also raised doubts about the extent of continuing English commitment to the union of the United Kingdom itself. Yet, even as Englishness is apparently reshaping Britain’s place in the world and—perhaps—the state itself, it remains poorly understood, in part because of its unfamiliarity. It has long been assumed that nationalism is a feature of political life in the state’s periphery—Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland—but not its English core. Another barrier to understanding bas been the relative lack of public attitudes data with which to explore the nature of English nationalist sentiment.This book draws on data from a survey vehicle—the Future of England Survey—specially established in 2011 to facilitate the exploration of patterns of national identity in England and their political implications. On the basis of these data, Englishness offers new arguments about the nature and effect of English nationalism on British politics, as well as how Britishness operates in different parts of Britain. Crucially, it demonstrates that English nationalism is emphatically not a rejection of Britain and Britishness. Rather, English nationalism combines a sense of grievance about England’s place within the UK with a fierce commitment to a particular vision of Britain’s past, present, and future. Understanding its Janus-faced nature—both England and Britain, as it were—is key not only to understanding English nationalism, but also to understanding the ways in which it is transforming British politics.

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How did the UK government face the global COVID-19 pandemic?

Revista de Administração Pública ◽

10.1590/0034-761220200418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 72-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamiris Cristhina Resende ◽

Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto ◽

Stephen Peckham ◽

Claudia Souza Passador ◽

João Luiz Passador

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Action Plan ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

World Health ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

First Case ◽

The World ◽

Uk Government ◽

The Uk

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the coordination and cooperation in Primary Health Care (PHC) measures adopted by the British government against the spread of the COVID-19. PHC is clearly part of the solution founded by governments across the world to fight against the spread of the virus. Data analysis was performed based on coordination, cooperation, and PHC literature crossed with documentary analysis of the situation reports released by the World Health Organisation and documents, guides, speeches and action plans on the official UK government website. The measures adopted by the United Kingdom were analysed in four periods, which helps to explain the courses of action during the pandemic: pre-first case (January 22- January 31, 2020), developing prevention measures (February 1 -February 29, 2020), first Action Plan (March 1- March 23, 2020) and lockdown (March 24-May 6, 2020). Despite the lack of consensus in essential matters such as Brexit, the nations in the United Kingdom are working together with a high level of cooperation and coordination in decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Using the UK Biobank as a global reference of worldwide populations: application to measuring ancestry diversity from GWAS summary statistics

10.1101/2021.10.27.466078 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Florian Privé

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Summary Statistics ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Reference Groups ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Four Corners ◽

The World ◽

The Uk

The UK Biobank project is a prospective cohort study with deep genetic and phenotypic data collected on almost 500,000 individuals from across the United Kingdom. Within this dataset, we carefully define 17 distinct ancestry groups from all four corners of the world. Using allele frequencies derived from these global reference groups, we are now able to effectively measure diversity from summary statistics of any genetic dataset. Measuring genetic diversity is an important problem because increasing genetic diversity is key to making new genetic discoveries, while also being a major source of confounding to be aware of in genetics studies.

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United Kingdom

From Baksheesh to Bribery ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190232399.003.0017 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 455-493

Author(s):

Andrew Boutros

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Economic Cooperation ◽

Public Office ◽

Aggressive Approach ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The World ◽

Commercial Bribery ◽

Legislative Framework ◽

The Uk

The United Kingdom was one of the first countries in the world to have explicit statutory provisions outlawing bribery, and has had a long-standing legislative framework prohibiting fraud and misconduct in public office. Nevertheless, historically, these laws were rarely used. Following recommendations by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the UK adopted its first comprehensive anti-corruption legislation in the form of the Bribery Act 2010 (“Bribery Act”), which went into force in July 2011. The Bribery Act is now considered arguably one of the most stringent anti-corruption statutes in the world, criminalizing both public and commercial bribery. In recent years, the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) has demonstrated an increased willingness to take a more aggressive approach to enforcing the Bribery Act, as illustrated by the SFO’s deferred prosecution agreement with Rolls Royce Plc in January 2017, which resulted in a record-breaking £497 million settlement.

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Traditional v. modified dietary patterns and their influence on adolescents' nutritional profile

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051435 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 943-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

YoonJu Song ◽

Hyojee Joung ◽

Katrin Engelhardt ◽

Sun Young Yoo ◽

Hee Young Paik

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Traditional Group ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Fried Foods

Korea has experienced exceptionally rapid economic developments. Even though the country has managed to maintain aspects of its traditional diet, dietary habits are changing, especially among adolescents. This study was carried out to identify prevailing dietary patterns among Korean adolescents and to compare the nutrient intakes and dietary behaviours between the patterns. A 3 d diet record, collected from 671 Korean adolescents aged 12–14 years in Seoul, Korea, was assessed. By cluster analysis, subjects were classified into a modified (69·9 %) and a traditional (30·1 %) dietary pattern group. The modified group consumed more bread, noodles, cookies and pizza/hamburgers compared with the traditional group, which consumed mainly rice and kimchi (fermented cabbage). The modified group had significantly higher intakes of all nutrients. It had a higher total daily energy intake (7719 kJ), a higher daily energy intake from fat (29·8 %) and a higher cholesterol intake (326 mg/d), compared with the traditional group (6686 kJ, 24·8 % and 244 mg/d, respectively). The modified group was more likely to consume fast foods, fried foods and carbonated beverages even though they consumed more fresh fruits and milk, while the traditional group was more likely to have a rice-based diet and not to skip breakfast. These results suggest that monitoring dietary behaviours of adolescents, especially in a society experiencing a nutrition transition, is necessary in order to identify both negative and positive changes in respect of risk factors for nutrition-related chronic diseases as well as for undernutrition.

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Grooved Pipe Joints on Shipboard Applications

ASME/USCG 2013 3rd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards ◽

10.1115/mts2013-0304 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Dole

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

World War Ii ◽

World War ◽

Pipe Length ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Us ◽

The World ◽

Pipe Joints ◽

The Uk

Grooved piping has been used on shipboard applications since the early 1920’s, first in the United Kingdom than many other parts of the world. It gained rapid acceptance in the UK for its many advantages over flange connections. In the US it was used on many Merchant and Naval vessels constructed during World War II, partly for its speed of installation, but also for its less fussy tolerance requirements with regard to pipe length and joint alignment. It has since grown to become used worldwide in many types of vessels. This paper enumerates grooved pipe joints advantages and its technical underpinnings. Paper published with permission.

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COVID-19 Outcomes in Saudi Arabia and the UK: A Tale of Two Kingdoms

10.1101/2020.04.25.20079640 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saleh Komies ◽

Abdulelah M. Aldhahir ◽

Mater Almehmadi ◽

Saeed M. Alghamdi ◽

Ali Alqarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Sir Model ◽

Logistic Growth ◽

Mathematical Technique ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The World ◽

The Uk ◽

Two Kingdoms

AbstractBackgroundWhile the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths around the world is starting to peak, it is essential to point out how different countries manage the outbreak and how different measures and experience resulted in different outcomes. This study aimed to compare the effect of the measures taken by Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom (UK) governments on the outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic as predicted by a mathematical model.MethodData on the numbers of cases, deaths and government measures were collected from Saudi’s Ministry of Health and Public Health England. A prediction of the trend of cases, deaths and days to peak was then modelled using the mathematical technique, Exponential Logistic Growth and Susceptible Infectious Recovered (SIR) model. The measures taken by the governments and the predicted outcomes were compared to assess effectiveness.ResultWe found over three months that 22 fast and extreme measures had been taken in Saudi Arabia compared to eight slow and late measures in the UK. This resulted in a decline in numbers of current infected cases per day and mortality in Saudi Arabia compared to the UK. Based on the SIR model, the predicted number of COVID-19 cases in Saudi as of 31st of March was 2,064, while the predicted number of cases was 63012 in the UK. In addition, the pandemic is predicted to peak earlier on the 27th of March in Saudi Arabia compared to the 2nd of May 2020 in the UK. The end of transition phases for Saudi and UK according to the model, were predicted to be on 18th of April and 24th of May, respectively. These numbers relate to early and decisive measures adopted by the Saudi government.ConclusionWe show that early extreme measures, informed by science and guided by experience, helped reduce the spread and related deaths from COVID-19 in Saudi. Actions were taken by Saudi under the national slogan “We are all responsible” resulted in the observed reduced number of current and predicted cases and deaths compared to the UK approach “keep calm and carry on”.

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Pandemic of Inequality: An Analysis of Socioeconomic Factors Predicting Economic Instability During the 2020-21 COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Pandemic in the United Kingdom.

10.31235/osf.io/yug2x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Hodgkin

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Household Income ◽

Working Hours ◽

Job Retention ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The World ◽

Research Questions ◽

The Uk

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected individuals and families across the world from March 2020 to the present. From a UK perspective, reviewed literature confirms that there is a deep divide in the factors causing a person’s employment to be affected by the pandemic, with educational attainment, household income and age all having a role. Food insecurity has been increasing rapidly in recent years in the UK, and the literature confirms exacerbated levels of food insecurity coming as a result of the pandemic. The present study seeks to understand the variables influencing two research questions, firstly which factors will affect the likelihood of being ‘furloughed’ (under the government’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme) or otherwise being required to reduce one’s working hours, and secondly the factors that may cause someone to experience food insecurity in the pandemic. Key findings are that having young children, being self-employed and having a higher household income are all factors that may make it more likely that one will lose hours in their job or be furloughed. Conversely, being a keyworker and having higher educational qualifications are shown to reduce the likelihood of reducing job hours. Food insecurity is made more likely by being from an ethnic minority background, having young children and being a lower earner.

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