scholarly journals Alcohol and Cancer: Epidemiology and Biological Mechanisms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Rumgay ◽  
Neil Murphy ◽  
Pietro Ferrari ◽  
Isabelle Soerjomataram
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Approximately 4% of cancers worldwide are caused by alcohol consumption. Drinking alcohol increases the risk of several cancer types, including cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, and breast. In this review, we summarise the epidemiological evidence on alcohol and cancer risk and the mechanistic evidence of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis. There are several mechanistic pathways by which the consumption of alcohol, as ethanol, is known to cause cancer, though some are still not fully understood. Ethanol’s metabolite acetaldehyde can cause DNA damage and block DNA synthesis and repair, whilst both ethanol and acetaldehyde can disrupt DNA methylation. Ethanol can also induce inflammation and oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and further DNA damage. One-carbon metabolism and folate levels are also impaired by ethanol. Other known mechanisms are discussed. Further understanding of the carcinogenic properties of alcohol and its metabolites will inform future research, but there is already a need for comprehensive alcohol control and cancer prevention strategies to reduce the burden of cancer attributable to alcohol.

Disparities in Health Between Black and White Americans: Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 456-478
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Adrienne M. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Conceptual frameworks for racial/ethnic health disparities are abundant, but many have received insufficient empirical attention. As a result, there are substantial gaps in scientific knowledge and a range of untested hypotheses. Particularly lacking is specificity in behavioral and biological mechanisms for such disparities and their underlying social determinants. Alongside lack of political will and public investment, insufficient clarity in mechanisms has stymied efforts to address racial health disparities. Capitalizing on emergent findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and other longitudinal studies of aging, this chapter evaluates research on health disparities between black and white US adults. Attention is given to candidate behavioral and biological mechanisms as precursors to group differences in morbidity and mortality and to environmental and sociocultural factors that may underlie these mechanisms. Future research topics are discussed, emphasizing those that offer promise with respect to illuminating practical solutions to racial/ethnic health disparities.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a dynamic duo in multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Xiong ◽  
Wee-Joo Chng ◽  
Jianbiao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractUnder physiological and pathological conditions, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to deal with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy arising from immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. MM cells are subject to continual ER stress and highly dependent on the UPR signaling activation due to overproduction of paraproteins. Mounting evidence suggests the close linkage between ER stress and oxidative stress, demonstrated by overlapping signaling pathways and inter-organelle communication pivotal to cell fate decision. Imbalance of intracellular homeostasis can lead to deranged control of cellular functions and engage apoptosis due to mutual activation between ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation through a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we present accumulating evidence showing the interactive roles of redox homeostasis and proteostasis in MM pathogenesis and drug resistance, which would be helpful in elucidating the still underdefined molecular pathways linking ER stress and oxidative stress in MM. Lastly, we highlight future research directions in the development of anti-myeloma therapy, focusing particularly on targeting redox signaling and ER stress responses.

scholarly journals mHealth Interventions to Address Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5798
Author(s):  
Selina Khoo ◽  
Najihah Mohbin ◽  
Payam Ansari ◽  
Mahfoodha Al-Kitani ◽  
Andre Matthias Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

This review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the scientific literature on mobile health (mHealth) interventions to promote physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in cancer survivors. We searched six databases from 2000 to 13 April 2020 for controlled and non-controlled trials published in any language. We conducted best evidence syntheses on controlled trials to assess the strength of the evidence. All 31 interventions included in this review measured PA outcomes, with 10 of them also evaluating SB outcomes. Most study participants were adults/older adults with various cancer types. The majority (n = 25) of studies implemented multicomponent interventions, with activity trackers being the most commonly used mHealth technology. There is strong evidence for mHealth interventions, including personal contact components, in increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA among cancer survivors. However, there is inconclusive evidence to support mHealth interventions in increasing total activity and step counts. There is inconclusive evidence on SB potentially due to the limited number of studies. mHealth interventions that include personal contact components are likely more effective in increasing PA than mHealth interventions without such components. Future research should address social factors in mHealth interventions for PA and SB in cancer survivors.

Styrax camporum, a typical species of the Brazilian cerrado, attenuates DNA damage, preneoplastic lesions and oxidative stress in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Francielli De Oliveira ◽  
Luis Fernando Leandro ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Furtado ◽  
Natália Helen Ferreira ◽  
Patrícia Mendonça Pauletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Haloperidol-loaded lipid-core polymeric nanocapsules reduce DNA damage in blood and oxidative stress in liver and kidneys of rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katiane Roversi ◽  
Dalila M. Benvegnú ◽  
Karine Roversi ◽  
Fabíola Trevizol ◽  
Luciana T. Vey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Polymeric Nanocapsules ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

O XVII B.2 Determination of endogenous DNA damage, oxidated DNA bases and oxidative stress in primary human colon cells and modulation by plant ingredients

1997 ◽  
Vol 379 (1) ◽  
pp. S171
Author(s):  
Beatrice L. Pool-Zobel ◽  
Salomon L. Abrahamse ◽  
Daniela Oberreuther ◽  
Sylvia Treptow-van Lishaut ◽  
Gerhard Rechkemmer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Dna Bases ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Alcohol and Multiple Drug Abuse in Accused Murderers

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Wayne P. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Capital Murder ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

The effects of alcohol and multiple drug abuse on violent behavior were studied with a sample of 110 men charged with first degree or capital murder. Subjects were divided into four groups based upon whether they were sober, drinking alcohol, using alcohol and other drugs in combination, or whether they were abusing only non-alcoholic drugs at the time of the murder. These four groups were compared on 15 sociological, behavioral, and demographic variables. Nine of these variables significantly differentiated the groups. Recommendations for intervention and future research are made.

scholarly journals Occupational hazards, DNA damage, and oxidative stress on exposure to waste anesthetic gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Lorena M.C. Lucio ◽  
Mariana G. Braz ◽  
Paulo do Nascimento Junior ◽  
José Reinaldo C. Braz ◽  
Leandro G. Braz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Anesthetic Gases ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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