scholarly journals Relationship between Energy Balance and Circulating Levels of Hepcidin and Ferritin in the Fasted and Postprandial States

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Wandia Kimita ◽  
Sakina H. Bharmal ◽  
Juyeon Ko ◽  
Jaelim Cho ◽  
Maxim S. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
New Onset

Markers of iron metabolism are altered in new-onset diabetes, but their relationship with metabolic signals involved in the maintenance of energy balance is poorly understood. The primary aim was to explore the associations between markers of iron metabolism (hepcidin and ferritin) and markers of energy balance (leptin, ghrelin, and the leptin/ghrelin ratio) in both the fasted and postprandial states. These associations were also studied in the sub-groups stratified by diabetes status. This was a cross-sectional study of individuals without disorders of iron metabolism who were investigated after an overnight fast and, in addition, some of these individuals underwent a mixed meal test to determine postprandial responses of metabolic signals. The associations between hepcidin, ferritin, and leptin, ghrelin, leptin/ghrelin ratio were studied using several multiple linear regression models. A total of 76 individuals in the fasted state and 34 individuals in the postprandial state were included. In the overall cohort, hepcidin was significantly inversely associated with leptin (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was −883.45 ± 400.94; p = 0.031) and the leptin/ghrelin ratio (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was −148.26 ± 61.20; p = 0.018) in the fasted state. The same associations were not statistically significant in the postprandial state. In individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes (but not in those with normoglycaemia or longstanding prediabetes or diabetes), hepcidin was significantly inversely associated with leptin (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was −806.09 ± 395.44; p = 0.050) and the leptin/ghrelin ratio (in the most adjusted model, the β coefficient ± SE was −129.40 ± 59.14; p = 0.037). Leptin appears to be a mediator in the link between iron metabolism and new-onset diabetes mellitus. These findings add to the growing understanding of mechanisms underlying the derangements of glucose metabolism.

Abstract 658: New Onset Diabetes Does Not Pose Additional Risk - Analysis Of 15,111 Treated Hypertensive Patients With 40 Year Follow-up.

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Lip
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
New Onset

Objective: It is unclear whether new onset diabetes (NOD) is a separate entity associated with excess risk in hypertensive patients. Methods: We studied 15111 hypertensive patients with up to 40 year follow-up at the Glasgow BP Clinic database. Diabetes status was defined based on hospital admissions for any diabetes related diagnosis or prescription of anti-diabetic drugs or diabetes monitoring materials. The date at first hospital encounter either for prescription or admission was considered as the onset of diabetes. NOD was classified into early and late (diagnosis <10yrs or >10years from first clinic visit). Cause-specific outcome analysis was performed using multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards (Cox-PH) models. In order to address any potential competing risk introduced due to the long follow-up period, an additional composite end point of all-cause mortality+NOD was analysed. Results: There were 2521(17%) patients with DM, of whom 2061(14%) had NOD. The incidence rate of NOD was 9.2 per 1000 person-years. Prevalence of early NOD was 898 (6%) and late NOD 1163 (8%). The total time at risk was 239,952 person-years with a median survival time of 28.04 years (IQR: 16.24-39.95). There were 5225 deaths (52% from cardiovascular causes) during the follow-up period. Independent predictors of new-onset diabetes in order of decreasing significance were baseline glucose, BMI, age, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and bilirubin. Of these age, glucose, BMI and alkaline phosphatase remained top predictors for the composite outcome of NOD+all-cause death. The mortality risk was the highest in those with prevalent DM (HR=1.5[95%CI=1.2;1.9]) and lowest in those with late NOD (0.79[0.68;0.92]). Early NOD and non-diabetic subjects had similar risks. Conclusions: Indices of liver function tests predict the risk of NOD and mortality in addition to BMI and baseline glucose. The risk posed by NOD is related to duration of diabetes primarily indicating the importance of efforts to delay onset of NOD.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 and risk of diabetes: new insight from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001423
Author(s):  
Lishun Liu ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Binyan Wang ◽  
Yun Song ◽  
Tengfei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Primary Prevention Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
New Onset

IntroductionPrevious studies in mostly Western populations have yielded conflicting findings on the association of vitamin B12 with diabetes risk, in part due to differences in study design and population characteristics. This study sought to examine the vitamin B12–diabetes association in Chinese adults with hypertension by both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.Research design and methodsThis report included a total of 16 699 participants from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial, with pertinent baseline and follow-up data. Diabetes mellitus was defined as either physician-diagnosed diabetes, use of glucose-lowering drugs, or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L. New-onset diabetes was defined as any new case of onset diabetes during the follow-up period or FBG ≥7.0 mmol/L at the exit visit.ResultsAt baseline, there were 1872 (11.2%) patients with diabetes; less than 1.5% had clinical vitamin B12 deficiency (<148.0 pmol/L). Over a median follow-up period of 4.5 years, there were 1589 (10.7%) cases of new-onset diabetes. Cross-sectional analyses showed a positive association between baseline vitamin B12 levels and FBG levels (β=0.18, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.21) and diabetes (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.21). However, longitudinal analyses showed no association between baseline vitamin B12 and new-onset diabetes or changes in FBG levels. Among a subset of the sample (n=4366) with both baseline and exit vitamin B12 measurements, we found a positive association between an increase in vitamin B12 and an increase in FBG.ConclusionsIn this large Chinese population of patients with hypertension mostly sufficient with vitamin B12, parallel cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses provided new insight into the conflicting findings of previous studies, and these results underscore the need for future studies to consider both baseline vitamin B12 and its longitudinal trajectory in order to better elucidate the role of vitamin B12 in the development of diabetes. Such findings would have important clinical and public health implications.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 and Risk of Diabetes: New insight from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishun Liu ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Binyan Wang ◽  
Yun Song ◽  
Tengfei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Primary Prevention Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
New Onset

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies in mostly Western populations, have yielded conflicting findings on the association of vitamin B12 with diabetes risk, in part, due to differences in study design and population characteristics. This study sought to examine the vitamin B12 – diabetes association in Chinese hypertensive adults by both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.Research Design and MethodsThis report included a total of 16699 participants from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), with pertinent baseline and follow-up data. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as either physician-diagnosed diabetes, the use of glucose-lowering drugs, or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L. New-onset diabetes was defined as any new case of onset diabetes during the follow-up period or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L at the exit visit.ResultsAt baseline, there were 1872 (11.2%) diabetic patients; less than 1.5% had clinical B12 deficiency (<148.0 pmol/L). Over a median follow-up period of 4.5 years, there were 1589 (10.7%) cases of new-onset diabetes. Cross-sectional analyses showed a positive association between baseline vitamin B12 levels and FBG levels (β=0.18, 95%CI 0.15-0.21) and diabetes (OR=1.42, 95%CI 1.33-1.51). However, longitudinal analyses showed no association between baseline vitamin B12 and new-onset diabetes or changes in FBG levels. Among a subset of the sample (N=4366) with both baseline and exit B12 measurements, we found a positive association between an increase in B12 and an increase in FBG.ConclusionsIn this large Chinese hypertensive population mostly sufficient with vitamin B12, parallel cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses provided new insight into the conflicting findings of previous studies, and these results underscore the need for future studies to consider both baseline vitamin B12 and its longitudinal trajectory in order to better elucidate the role of vitamin B12 in the development of diabetes. Such findings, would have important clinical and public health implications.

scholarly journals Cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with higher concentrations of circulating ceramides in the Framingham Offspring Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura E Walker ◽  
Vanessa Xanthakis ◽  
Lynn L Moore ◽  
Ramachandran S Vasan ◽  
Paul F Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Offspring Cohort ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Stratified Analysis

ABSTRACT Background Ceramides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Limited data exist on how habitual dietary intake of foods that can alter hepatic lipid metabolism may influence circulating ceramide concentrations. Objectives We investigated the cross-sectional association of cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with concentrations of 3 circulating ceramides and ceramide ratios. Methods We examined participants from the Framingham Heart Study's Offspring Cohort who had 3 ceramides measured (n  = 1561, mean age 66 y, 59% women). SSB consumption was measured 4 times over ∼14 y. Participants were categorized by cumulative SSB intake as nonconsumers (0 to &lt;1 SSB serving/mo) and occasional (1 SSB serving/mo to &lt;1 serving/wk), frequent (1 SSB serving/wk to &lt;1 serving/d), and daily (≥1 SSB serving/d) consumers. Multivariable linear regression models were used to relate cumulative SSB consumption (independent variable) to blood concentrations of ceramides (C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0) and ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0). Results In adjusted models, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides (Ptrend &lt; 0.05). Compared with nonconsumers, daily consumers had 0.01 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.002, 0.017 µg/mL) and 0.06 µg/mL (95% CI: 0.018, 0.092 µg/mL) higher mean concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides, respectively. Results were consistent when modeling continuous cumulative SSB consumption per 1 serving/d. We observed effect modification by diabetes status in the relation between cumulative SSB consumption and concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide (Pinteraction = 0.014). In a stratified analysis, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide only in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes (Ptrend = 0.001). Conclusions Our study raises the possibility that higher concentrations of distinct ceramide species, previously associated with adverse metabolic health, may be one mechanism by which SSB consumption contributes to higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Association between diabetes status and subsequent onset of glaucoma in postmenopausal women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Younhea Jung ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Kyoung Ohn ◽  
Da Ran Kim ◽  
Jung II Moon
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Health Screening Program ◽  
New Onset

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of glaucoma based on diabetes status using a large nationwide longitudinal cohort of postmenopausal women. This study included 1,372,240 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years who underwent National Health Screening Program in 2009. Subjects were classified into the following 5 categories based on diabetes status: no diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), new onset diabetes, diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic medication, and diabetes treated with insulin. Subjects were followed from 2005 through 2018, and hazard ratios of glaucoma onset were calculated for each group. Subgroup analyses of subjects stratified by age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were performed. During the follow up period, 42,058 subjects developed glaucoma. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.061 (95% CI, 1.036–1.086) in the IFG group, 1.151 (95% CI, 1.086–1.220) in the new onset diabetes group, 1.449 (95% CI, 1.406–1.493) in the diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic medication group, and 1.884(95% CI, 1.777–1.999) in the diabetes treated with insulin group compared to the no diabetes group. The results were consistent in subgroup analyses after stratifying by age, lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking), and comorbidities (hypertension and dyslipidemia). Diabetes status is associated with increased risk of glaucoma development in postmenopausal women.

Different Dietary Patterns and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Analaura Centenaro ◽  
Elis F. Pedrollo ◽  
Bruna B. Nicoletto ◽  
Roberto C. Manfro ◽  
Luiz Felipe S. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
New Onset Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
New Onset

Classifying Disfluencies in Preschool- and School-Age Spanish–English Bilinguals Who Do Not Stutter: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Raúl Rojas ◽  
Farzan Irani
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Narrative Production ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Purpose This exploratory study examined the language skills and the type and frequency of disfluencies in the spoken narrative production of Spanish–English bilingual children who do not stutter. Method A cross-sectional sample of 29 bilingual students (16 boys and 13 girls) enrolled in grades prekindergarten through Grade 4 produced a total of 58 narrative retell language samples in English and Spanish. Key outcome measures in each language included the percentage of normal (%ND) and stuttering-like (%SLD) disfluencies, percentage of words in mazes (%MzWds), number of total words, number of different words, and mean length of utterance in words. Results Cross-linguistic, pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences with medium effect sizes for %ND and %MzWds (both lower for English) as well as for number of different words (lower for Spanish). On average, the total percentage of mazed words was higher than 10% in both languages, a pattern driven primarily by %ND; %SLDs were below 1% in both languages. Multiple linear regression models for %ND and %SLD in each language indicated that %MzWds was the primary predictor across languages beyond other language measures and demographic variables. Conclusions The findings extend the evidence base with regard to the frequency and type of disfluencies that can be expected in bilingual children who do not stutter in grades prekindergarten to Grade 4. The data indicate that %MzWds and %ND can similarly index the normal disfluencies of bilingual children during narrative production. The potential clinical implications of the findings from this study are discussed.

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