scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of the Street Foods Purchased by Customers in Urban Areas of Central Asia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3651
Author(s):  
Sofia Sousa ◽  
Inês Lança de Morais ◽  
Gabriela Albuquerque ◽  
Marcello Gelormini ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Composition Tables

This study aimed to describe street food purchases in cities from Central Asia, considering customers’ characteristics and the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages. Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2016/2017 in Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) and Almaty (Kazakhstan). Direct observation was used to collect data on the purchases made by street food customers, selected by random and systematic sampling. Nutritional composition was estimated using data from chemical analyses, food composition tables or food labels. A total of 714 customers (56.6% females, 55.5% aged ≥35 years, 23.3% overweight/obese) were observed, who bought 852 foods and beverages, the most frequent being savoury pastries/snacks (23.2%), main dishes (19.0%), sweet pastries/confectionery (17.9%), tea/coffee (11.3%) and soft drinks/juices (9.8%). Fruit was the least purchased food (1.1%). Nearly one-third of customers purchased industrial food items (31.9%). The median energy content of a street food purchase was 529 kcal/serving. Saturated and trans-fat median contents were 4.7 g/serving and 0.36 g/serving (21.4% and 16.5% of maximum daily intake recommendations, respectively). Median sodium and potassium contents were 745 mg/serving (37.3% of maximum recommendation) and 304 mg/serving (8.7% of minimum recommendation), respectively. In general, the purchases observed presented high contents of energy, saturated-fat, trans-fat and sodium, and low levels of potassium. Policies towards the improvement of these urban food environments should be encouraged.

scholarly journals A multicentre study of street foods purchased in urban areas of Central Asia: the FEEDCities Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sousa ◽  
N Lunet ◽  
M Gelormini ◽  
J Jewell ◽  
I Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Composition Tables

Abstract Background Street food (SF) is a strong tradition in Central Asia, where urbanization and westernization of food habits is occurring. Research on SF consumption is scarce, and crucial to understand its implications for public health. This study aims to describe the SF purchases in urban areas of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dushanbe, Bishkek, Ashgabat and Almaty in 2016/2017. SF markets (n = 34) and vending sites (n = 270) were selected by random and systematic sampling. Data on customers’ characteristics and food items purchased was collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition of the food items (n = 852) was obtained by laboratorial analysis (n = 582) or food composition tables and labels (n = 270). Results A total of 714 customers were identified. The most commonly purchased foods and beverages were savoury pastries/snacks (23.2%), main dishes (19.0%), sweet pastries/confectionery (17.9%), tea/coffee (11.3%) and soft drinks/juices (9.8%). Fruit was the least frequently purchased food (1.1%). Nearly one-third of customers purchased industrial food items; this proportion was significantly higher in Kazakhstan (43.2%) and Turkmenistan (32.3%). The median energy content of a SF purchase ranged between 352kcal (Tajikistan) and 568kcal (Turkmenistan). The median saturated (SFA) and trans fat contents were 4.74g and 0.36g, respectively; the highest values were 9.01g for SFA (Turkmenistan) and 0.60g for trans fat (Kazakhstan), accounting for 40.6% and 27.3% of the maximum daily recommendations, respectively. Sodium-potassium ratio was far above recommended, reaching the highest values of 6.57 and 5.17 in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Conclusions Frequent purchase of industrial food reflects a shift to a westernized dietary pattern. Public health policies in these settings should aim to increase fruit availability and to improve SF nutritional composition, namely its lipid profile and sodium content. Key messages A relevant proportion of customers bought industrial foods, while fruit was rarely purchased, reflecting the nutrition transition process that is occurring in developing countries. Street food meals showed concerning levels of saturated fat, trans-fat and sodium, which must be considered when designing strategies targeted to improve the urban food environment in these settings.

scholarly journals Street Food in Maputo, Mozambique: The Coexistence of Minimally Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods in a Country under Nutrition Transition

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Sofia Sousa ◽  
Marcello Gelormini ◽  
Albertino Damasceno ◽  
Simão A. Lopes ◽  
Sérgio Maló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Composition Tables

The aim was to characterise the extent of processing and nutritional composition of the street foods offered in Maputo, Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October–November 2014 in the urban district of KaMpfumu. Twenty public transport stops were randomly selected, around which 500 meters buffers were drawn. All streets within these buffers were canvassed to identify all street food vending sites. Street food offer was assessed through interviews. Nutritional composition was estimated using standardised recipes (for homemade foods), food labels (for industrial products) and food composition tables (for in natura foods). The processing extent was classified using the “NOVA” food classification. A total of 810 vending sites were assessed. Unprocessed/minimally processed foods were available at 70.5% of vending sites (mainly fruit, water, and tea) and ultra-processed foods at 59.0% (mostly cakes, cookies, confectionery, and soft drinks). Energy content per 100 g of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was significantly lower than in all other food groups. In all food groups, contribution to total energy value was highest for carbohydrates (range: 33.1–51.2%), followed by fats (range: 29.3–36.0%) and protein (range: 6.8–18.6%). Public health policies targeting the improvement of this urban food environment should consider not only the nutritional composition but also the processing extent of the foods and beverages available.

scholarly journals Nutritional Content of Street Food and Takeaway Food Purchased in Urban Bosnia and Herzegovina

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2594
Author(s):  
Sofia Sousa ◽  
Inês Lança de Morais ◽  
Gabriela Albuquerque ◽  
Marcello Gelormini ◽  
Mariana Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Banja Luka

Street food (SF) and takeaway food (TAF) are important sources of out-of-home meals in urban Bosnia and Herzegovina, where diet-related non-communicable diseases are growing rapidly. This study aimed to characterise SF and TAF purchased in urban areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regarding customers’ characteristics and the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sarajevo and Banja Luka in 2017. SF (n = 194) and TAF vending sites (n = 154) were selected through random and systematic sampling. Data on the food items purchased and customers’ characteristics were collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition was estimated using data from chemical analyses of the foods most commonly available. Two-thirds of the customers observed (n = 755) were aged ≥35 years, half were women and 27.7% were overweight/obese. A total of 929 food items were purchased. The most commonly bought SFs were confectionery (30.5%), water (27.9%) and soft drinks/juices (22.2%). TAF customers purchased mostly savoury pastries (39.8%), breads (27.1%) and main dishes (21.4%). Almost half of customers purchased industrial food (i.e., pre-packaged foods and beverages produced by the food industry). The purchases presented median contents of 18.7 g of fat (39.6% saturated, 32.3% monounsaturated, 22.1% polyunsaturated, 1.5% trans), 838 mg of sodium and 285 mg of potassium. Saturated-fat contribution was higher in SF purchases (60.4% vs. 30.2%, p < 0.001), whereas TAF purchases presented higher trans-fat proportion (1.8% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001), sodium (1241 vs. 89 mg, p < 0.001) and sodium-potassium ratio (6.1 vs. 0.6, p < 0.001). Generally, SF and TAF bought in Sarajevo and Banja Luka were rich in saturated and trans fatty-acids and sodium, and poor in potassium. Nutrition policies promoting use of healthier fats and salt reduction in SF and TAF may contribute to the prevention of diet-related diseases in these settings.

scholarly journals Street food in Maputo, Mozambique: Availability and nutritional value of homemade foods

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Sousa ◽  
Marcello Gelormini ◽  
Albertino Damasceno ◽  
Simão A Lopes ◽  
Sérgio Maló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Site Characteristics

Background: A nutrition transition is occurring in the urban areas of developing countries, where street food makes an important contribution to daily food intake. Aim: We aimed to characterise street food offer in Maputo, Mozambique, and to evaluate the nutritional composition of the most common homemade foods. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. Streets in the surroundings (500 m buffer) of randomly selected public transport stops in KaMpfumu district, Maputo, were canvassed to identify all street food vending sites ( n = 968). Information regarding vending site characteristics and the food offered was gathered through interview and observation. Samples ( n = 80) of the most common homemade foods were collected for laboratorial analysis. Results: Most street food vending sites identified were stationary (77.4%) and sold exclusively industrial food (51.9%). Frequency of fruit, beverages and food other than fruit was 24.5%, 32.5% and 73.9%, respectively. Fried cakes were the most energy-dense (430 kcal/100 g), and richest in fats (21.0g/100 g) and carbohydrates (53.4 g/100 g). The richest sources of protein were the stewed meat/fish/liver dishes (10.7–11.6 g/100 g). Fried cakes showed the lowest sodium and potassium content (90 mg/100 g and 81 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas hamburgers exhibited the highest content of those micronutrients (455 mg/100 g and 183 mg/100 g, respectively). Stewed liver dishes presented the highest sodium/potassium ratio (11.95). Fried snacks presented the highest trans-fatty acid content (0.20 g/100 g). Conclusions: Street food in Maputo is abundant and scattered throughout the urban district, exhibiting high variability in the nutritional composition of homemade foods. Public health policies should be targeted to improve the street food offer, promoting nutrient-dense foods and the reduction of added salt.

scholarly journals Factors associated with food safety compliance among street food vendors in Can Tho city, Vietnam: implications for intervention activity design and implementation

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ba Huynh-Van ◽  
Vy Vuong-Thao ◽  
Tuyen Huynh-Thi-Thanh ◽  
Sinh Dang-Xuan ◽  
Tung Huynh-Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Intervention Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Can Tho City

Abstract Background Street food plays a valuable role in several Asian countries including Vietnam. Improving the safety of street food is an important responsibility for many local food authorities. This study aims to characterize the business profile of fixed and mobile street food vendors, and to compare their compliance with the food safety criteria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire and observational checklist to assess the ten Vietnamese food safety criteria prescribed under Decision No. 3199/2000/QD-BYT for street food vendors in Can Tho city. A total of 400 street food vendors, composed of fixed and mobile vendors, in urban areas of the city were randomly selected for the survey. Results The study showed significant differences between the two types of street food vendors in educational level (p = 0.017); business profile, including types of foods vended, area in use, number of employees, training in food safety, and business registration paperwork; and the status of compliance with the ten-food hygiene and safety criteria (p < 0.01). Poisson regression analysis found that education attainment (IRR = 1.228, p = 0.015), food safety training (IRR = 4.855, p < 0.01), total business capital (IRR = 1.004, p = 0.031) and total area in use (IRR = 1.007, p = 0.001) appeared to be significantly positively associated with food safety and hygiene compliance. In contrast, mobile vending type was negatively associated with the likelihood of adhering to the ten criteria (IRR = 0.547, p = 0.005). Conclusions These findings emphasize the need for training and education programs to improve food safety knowledge and practice among street food vendors. Basic infrastructure and services, especially clean water, proper sanitation, and waste disposal facilities, should be provided to help street food vendors better practice food safety and hygiene regulations.

scholarly journals KEBIASAAN JAJAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Kasus di SDN Lawanggintung 01 Kota Bogor)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Yunita Syafitri ◽  
Hidayat Syarief ◽  
Yayuk Farida Baliwati
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Elementary School Student ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Pocket Money

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.8pt .0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Healthy foods contribute to elementary school student proper growth and development. During school time they have greater access and sufficient opportunity to consume street food that available at  school. However, poor street food choices can result in unbalance diet. Availability of street food in school play significant role to elementary school student diet. Street food can contribute 10-20% nutrients toward student daily consumptions. Street food devide into main dishes, snacks, and beverages. The aim of this study was to assess snacking habit of elementary school student in SDN Lawanggintung 01 Kota Bogor. Snacking habits devined as number of street food type and frequency of snacking in school area included canteen merchants and outside school permanent merchants. Design of this study was cross sectional. Fifty student were selected using simple random sampling. Street food contributed to 26.0% energy; 18.7% protein; 22.9% lipid, 20.0% iron; 19.1% vitamin A; dan 24.8% vitamin C to total daily intake. Street food had contribute to 23.0% energy; 21.7% protein; 30.9% lipid, 19.5% iron; 24.1% vitamin A; dan 26.6% vitamin C to adequate intake level. Age and gender had not related to street food habits. Pocket money to purchased food is related to street food habits. Childrens familiy social economic characteristic not related to street food habits. Pocket money to purchased food affected street food habits.</span></p>

Contribution of street foods to the dietary needs of street food vendors in Kampala, Jinja and Masaka districts, Uganda

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Shenute Namugumya ◽  
Charles Muyanja
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Main Meals

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the contribution of street foods to the energy and nutrient needs of street food vendors.DesignA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Food intake for the street food vendors was measured using the 24 h recall method and a semi-quantitative FFQ with emphasis on the source of all foods consumed.SettingKampala, Jinja and Masaka districts, Uganda.SubjectsThe study included 225 street food vendors trading in prepared cooked foods.ResultsThe majority of vendors (87·6 %) were women with age range of 21–50 years. Traditional dishes were the most commonly prepared foods and classified into main meals, sauces, vegetables and snacks. The food groups consumed most commonly by street food vendors fall under energy-giving and body-building foods (0·26 (sd 0·81)). The mean daily intake of energy from street foods varied between 22·4 % and 25·6 % (2412 kJ). Carbohydrates contributed the highest proportion of energy (70·1 % to 93·4 %), followed by protein (38·6 % to 44·9 %) and fat (21·9 % to 26·3 %). Street food vendors obtained 24·0 % to 32·5 % of their RDA for Ca from street vended foods, with the lowest intake in Jinja (11·2 % to 23·9 %, P < 0·05). Niacin and thiamin intakes from street foods were respectively above 74 % and 150 % of the RDA. The contribution of street foods to the RDA for Zn ranged from 81·9 % to 190·9 %, and from 3·5 % to 4·9 % for retinol. Fe intake from street vended foods was 40·9 % to 49·7 % of the RDA.ConclusionsStreet foods contribute to sources of dietary energy and other nutrients among street food vendors in Uganda.

scholarly journals Contribution of street food to dietary intake of habitual urban consumers: A cross-sectional study in Kampala city, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Wenceslaus Sseguya ◽  
Nicholas Matovu ◽  
Jessica Swann ◽  
Alizon Draper
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Kampala City ◽  
Habitual Intake

Background: Street food has continued to be a popular food source in the urban settings of developing countries and is proving to be a vital urban dietary source. However, its dietary contribution among urban populations is yet to be comprehensively understood. Aim: To assess how street food contributes to the dietary intake of habitual street food consumers. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among habitual street food consumers in Kampala city. We defined habitual intake as consumption of a serving of any street food for ≥2 days/week regardless of the food group and number of times it was consumed in a particular day. Questionnaires were used to capture quantitative data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, 24-hour diet intake and 2-month street food consumption frequency. The Nutritics® diet analysis software version 4.3 and STATA version 13.0 were used for nutrient and statistical analyses respectively. Results: Street food contributed considerably to the daily intake of fat (49.1%), sodium (38.4%) and calcium (36.5%) and least towards the daily intake of vitamin A (11.3%). The majority of consumers opted for street food at breakfast (50%) whereas lunch and snacks featured the least for overall street food inclusion (all 20%). Overall, men demonstrated more dietary intake and inclusion at meals from street food than women. Conclusions: This study indicates a significant contribution of street food for urban consumers but men derive more benefit than women in terms of nutrient intake and inclusion of street food in meals.

scholarly journals The Price of Homemade Street Food in Central Asia and Eastern Europe: Is There a Relation with Its Nutritional Value?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985
Author(s):  
Gabriela Albuquerque ◽  
Sofia Sousa ◽  
Marcello Gelormini ◽  
Inês Lança de Morais ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Total Fat

The aim was to describe the price of homemade street foods in four cities of Central Asia and Eastern Europe and to analyze its association with energy density, macronutrients, sodium and potassium contents. Cross-sectional evaluations of street food vending sites were conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan (n = 562), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (n = 384), Almaty, Kazakhstan (n = 236) and Chișinău, Moldova (n = 89) in 2016–2017. Information on the homemade street foods available, including price, was systematically collected; the most commonly available foods (n = 64) were sampled for chemical analysis. Prices were converted to international dollars ($) and expressed as $/serving, $/100 g and $/100 kcal. The median street food price was $1.00/serving, $0.85/100 g and $0.33/100 kcal. Traditional foods were cheaper per 100 g than the westernized ($0.77 vs. $1.00, p = 0.011). For each unit increase in energy density (kcal/g), the homemade street foods were $0.12 cheaper per 100 kcal and $0.11 more expensive per 100 g. The carbohydrate content was negatively associated with price per 100 kcal, while total fat, monounsaturated, saturated and trans-fatty acids content were positively associated with price per 100 g. Energy-dense homemade street foods were the cheapest. Further insight on food preparation might clarify the association between carbohydrates and monounsaturated fatty acids content and street food price.

scholarly journals Street food in Dushanbe, Tajikistan: availability and nutritional value

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1052-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Albuquerque ◽  
Inês Morais ◽  
Marcello Gelormini ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
Albertino Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Public Markets

AbstractStreet food is part of the culture in central Asia. Although nourishing food can be found, unhealthier options are becoming increasingly popular – a marker of nutrition transition. The nutritional composition of street food in urban settings is, however, unknown. The objective of the present study was, thus, to characterise the street food availability in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. A total of 800 street food vending sites in public markets were selected through random and systematic procedures. Trained interviewers collected data on vending sites’ characteristics, location and food available. Samples of the most commonly available food were collected (ninety-nine homemade and thirty-five industrial). Macronutrients were quantified through proximate analysis. Fruit, drinks and food other than fruits were available, respectively, in 4·5, 40·5 and 87·4 %, of the vending sites. Among the latter, 63·6 % sold only homemade (e.g. bread, traditional dishes, snacks, pastries, sandwiches and cakes), 19·3 % only industrial (e.g. bread, snacks, pastries and cookies) and 17·1 % both types of food. Homemade food presented higher energy per serving compared with industrial food (median 452 v. 276 kcal/serving (1891 v. 1155 kJ/serving); P < 0·001). A high content of SFA (soup: 10·9 g/serving) and trans-fatty acids (cakes: 1·8 g/serving) was also found in homemade food. However, industrial wafers showed the highest content of these fatty acids (12·9 g/serving and 2·5 g/serving, respectively). Soft drinks were available in 68·5 % of the vending sites selling beverages. Homemade and industrial street food, with heterogeneous nutritional value, were widely available in Dushanbe. Hence, policies promoting the availability of healthy food should be encouraged.

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