scholarly journals Phytoprogestins: Unexplored Food Compounds with Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Effects in Female Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4326
Author(s):  
Stefania Greco ◽  
Pamela Pellegrino ◽  
Alessandro Zannotti ◽  
Giovanni Delli Carpini ◽  
Andrea Ciavattini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Hormonal Therapies

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in natural therapies to prevent or treat female diseases. In particular, many studies have focused on searching natural compounds with less side effects than standard hormonal therapies. While phytoestrogen-based therapies have been extensively studied, treatments with phytoprogestins reported in the literature are very rare. In this review, we focused on compounds of natural origin, which have progestin effects and that could be good candidates for preventing and treating female diseases. We identified the following phytoprogestins: kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, and naringenin. In vitro studies showed promising results such as the antitumoral effects of kaempferol, apigenin and luteolin, and the anti-fibrotic effects of naringenin. Although limited data are available, it seems that phytoprogestins could be a promising tool for preventing and treating hormone-dependent diseases.

scholarly journals 207-nm UV Light - A Promising Tool for Safe Low-Cost Reduction of Surgical Site Infections. I: In Vitro Studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e76968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Buonanno ◽  
Gerhard Randers-Pehrson ◽  
Alan W. Bigelow ◽  
Sheetal Trivedi ◽  
Franklin D. Lowy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Promising Tool

A Review on Herbal Treatments for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that infects the urogenital tract of men and women and causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease in both men and women. The infection is often asymptomatic, but it can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and burning, foamy discharge and foul-smelling mucus. In one year, 250 million cases of Trichomonas vaginalis were reported worldwide. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed.    Results: Today, the most common treatment for this disease is the use of metronidazole. However, its side effects, which include hematological and neurotoxic effects, cannot be ignored. Because of these side effects, researchers are looking for a suitable replacement for metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. Researchers' desire to use  herbs can be due to various reasons such as fewer side effects, better patient acceptance, recommendation of traditional medicine, lower prices of herbs and also compatibility with the normal physiological function of the human body. Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effects of medicinal plants on the growth and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro, it can be concluded that the use of these plants can have many applications in the treatment of trichomoniasis. As a result, by studying more about their advantages and disadvantages, it is possible to make a drug that has higher therapeutic effects with fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Pharmacological effects of saffron and its constituents in ocular disorders from in vitro studies to clinical trials; a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Sepahi ◽  
Adel Ghorani-Azam ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Hossieni ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri ◽  
Elham Khodavrdi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eye Disorders

Introduction: Some medicinal plants have shown promising therapeutic potential for management of the diseases. We aimed to systematically review the literature wherein the therapeutic effects of saffron have been studied on eye disorders. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and other databases using eye disorders, and saffron as key terms. No strict inclusion criteria were defined, and almost all clinical studies, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies were included. The reported data in each study were extracted and then qualitatively described. Results: Finally, 78 articles were found but only 29 relevant articles were included. Nine articles are clinical trials and 20 articles were done on cellular and molecular aspects of saffron on eye disorders. According to the included studies, crocin prevented the pro-inflammatory response in retinal cells and decreased glucose level in diabetic mice. Also, crocetin prevented retinal degeneration and saffron protected photoreceptors from light-induced damage in retinal cells. Saffron also improved visual function in age-related macular edema and decreased intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. In addition, it was shown that crocin can improve best corrected visual acuity and decreased central macular thickness in patients with diabetic maculopathy. Conclusion: The results of this review indicated that saffron and its main ingredients such as crocin could be a potential candidate for the treatment of ocular disease especially eye inflammation; however, further clinical studies are needed to confirm such efficiency.

scholarly journals Curcumin: Phytochemical Therapy in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range

In modern world, hyperlipidemia is the most common disorder mainly caused by lifestyle habits and the major cause of cardiovascular, coronary and atherosclerotic changes. Such disorder is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. A wide range of drugs are available for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, class of antihyperlipidemic drugs, but such drug-therapies are carried out with presence of various side effects. In the last decades, different in vitro and in vivo research have been conducted to confirm the therapeutic effects of various phytochemical agents that overcome the side effects caused by synthetic drugs. According to Ayurvedic recommendations and experimental studies, numerous phytochemical agents have been reported to possess different antihyperlipidemic properties. One of the most studied phytochemical agent - curcumin, herbal polyphenol and active ingredient which can be extracted from the powder rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiinflammatory and anticancer property. Recent studies also suggests curcumin as potential lipid lowering candidate in treatment of hyperlipidemia. The aim of this review is to present and discuss phytochemistry, molecular mechanism of hypolipidemic activity of curcumin, demonstrating its importance as potential therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Effects of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Vorinostat in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long He ◽  
Shuting Wen ◽  
Zhuotai Zhong ◽  
Senhui Weng ◽  
Qilong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid

Background: The drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the first-line therapy for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). However, in some cases, 5-ASA cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effects. Therefore, patients have to undergo therapies that include corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies or immunosuppressants, which are expensive and may be accompanied by significant side effects. Synergistic drug combinations can achieve greater therapeutic effects than individual drugs while contributing to combating drug resistance and lessening toxic side effects. Thus, in this study, we sought to identify synergistic drugs that can act synergistically with 5-ASA.Methods: We started our study with protein-metabolite analysis based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), the therapeutic target of 5-ASA, to identify more additional potential drug targets. Then, we further evaluated the possibility of their synergy with PPARG by integrating Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, pathway-pathway interaction analysis, and semantic similarity analysis. Finally, we validated the synergistic effects with in vitro and in vivo experiments.Results: The combination of 5-ASA and vorinostat (SAHA) showed lower toxicity and mRNA expression of p65 in human colonic epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 and HCT-116), and more efficiently alleviated the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis than treatment with 5-ASA and SAHA alone.Conclusion: SAHA can exert effective synergistic effects with 5-ASA in the treatment of UC. One possible mechanism of synergism may be synergistic inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. Moreover, the metabolite-butyric acid may be involved.

scholarly journals EMERGING BIOSIMILARS IN ONCOLOGY: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya B
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
The Us

Biosimilars are the biological medicinal products that produce the therapeutic effects in the human body similar to that of inner biological molecule. Biopharmaceuticals consist of nucleic acids, amino acids, polysaccharides, or combination of all compounds. In India, the steps have been taken to manufacture biosimilars with the lowest cost and least side effects. Globally, India is one of the major developing countries in manufacturing and marketing of biosimilars. The application of biosimilar was rapidly growing in treating various disorders such as cancer, inflammatory disease, and cardiovascular diseases. For the approval of biosimilars, in vitro studies become the necessity for representing comparison to a standard biological in terms of quality for experimental studies indicating similar pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. Huminsulin was the first DNA-recombinant protein accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1982. As currently there are no FDA-approved biosimilars for treating breast cancer, many biologic antibodies are under investigation.

Activation of the Kinin-Forming System during Therapy with Cyclophosphamide

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cuschieri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Maximum Decrease

Abstract Venous blood kininogen is significantly decreased during therapy with cyclophosphamide in cases of advanced breast cancer. The maximum decrease in plasma kininogen coincided with onset of maximal leukopenia in the peripheral venous blood. In vitro studies showed that both human whole blood and mononuclear cell suspensions liberate free kinin when incubated with cyclophosphamide, but plateletfree human plasma does not. Evidently, the kinin-forming system is activated during therapy with cyclophosphamide, and this may account for some of its reported side effects. The in vitro studies suggest that this activation results from damage to peripheral blood leukocytes by the cyclophosphamide, with the release of intracellular proteases.

The effect of 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) enantiomers, major metabolites of phenytoin, on the occurrence of chronic side effects: In vivo and in vitro studies

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. S247-S251
Author(s):  
ICHIRO IEIRI ◽  
WATARU GOTO ◽  
KENTARO HIRATA ◽  
AKITO TOSHITANI ◽  
SHUHEI IMAYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
In Vitro Studies

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Play a Critical Role in Inducing Immune Tolerance after Liver Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Shao-wei Li ◽  
Yue Cai ◽  
Xin-li Mao ◽  
Sai-qin He ◽  
Ya-hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Although liver transplantation is considered to be the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases, postoperative immune rejection still cannot be overlooked. Patients with liver transplantation have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time or even their entire lives, in which heavy economic burden and side effects caused by the drugs have become the major impediment for liver transplantation. There is a growing body of evidences indicating that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, a promising tool in regenerative medicine, can be used as an effective way to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation based on their huge expansion potential and unique immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have been reported to inhibit innate immunity and adaptive immunity to induce a tolerogenic microenvironment. In in vitro studies, transplanted MSCs show plasticity in immune regulation by altering their viability, migration, differentiation, and secretion in the interactions with the surrounding host microenvironment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in liver transplantation, to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind MSCs regulating immune response, especially in vivo and the influence of the microenvironment, and ultimately to discuss the feasible strategies to improve the clinical prognosis of liver transplantation. Only after exhaustive understanding of potential mechanisms of the MSC immunomodulation can we improve the safety and effectiveness of MSC treatment and achieve better therapeutic effects.

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