scholarly journals Dissociation between Corneal and Cardiometabolic Changes in Response to a Time-Restricted Feeding of a High Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Prince K. Akowuah ◽  
Aubrey Hargrave ◽  
Rolando E. Rumbaut ◽  
Alan R. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) ab libitum show corneal dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased sensitivity and impaired wound healing. Time-restricted (TR) feeding can effectively mitigate the cardiometabolic effects of an HFD. To determine if TR feeding attenuates HFD-induced corneal dysregulation, this study evaluated 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed an ad libitum normal diet (ND), an ad libitum HFD, or a time-restricted (TR) HFD for 10 days. Corneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. A corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored for 30 h. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. TR HFD fed mice gained less weight (p < 0.0001), had less visceral fat (p = 0.015), and had reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells (p < 0.05) compared to ad libitum HFD fed mice. Corneal sensitivity was reduced in ad libitum HFD and TR HFD fed mice compared to ad libitum ND fed mice (p < 0.0001). Following epithelial abrasion, corneal wound closure was delayed (~6 h), and neutrophil and platelet recruitment was dysregulated similarly in ad libitum and TR HFD fed mice. TR HFD feeding appears to mitigate adipose tissue inflammation and adiposity, while the cornea remains sensitive to the pathologic effects of HFD feeding.

scholarly journals Targeting of adipose tissue macrophages by bee venom phospholipase A2 attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Jeong ◽  
Chanju Lee ◽  
Chenyu Cheng ◽  
Hung Chun Chou ◽  
HyeJin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background/objectives Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) exist in either the M1 or M2 form. The anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs accumulate in lean individuals, whereas the pro-inflammatory M1 ATMs accumulate in obese individuals. Bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2), a major component in honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects via interactions with regulatory T cells (Treg) and macrophages. This study investigated the effects of bvPLA2 on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Subjects/methods For in vivo experiments, male C57BL/6, CD206-deficient, and Treg-depleted mice models were fed either a normal diet 41.86 kJ (ND, 10 kcal% fat) or high-fat diet 251.16 kJ (HFD, 60 kcal% fat). Each group was i.p. injected with PBS or bvPLA2 (0.5 mg/kg) every 3 days for 11 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. Histological changes in the white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, and kidney as well as the immune phenotypes of the WAT were examined. Immune cells, cytokines, and lipid profiles were also evaluated. The direct effects of bvPLA2 on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were measured in vitro. Results bvPLA2 markedly decreased bodyweight in HFD-fed mice. bvPLA2 treatment also decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and reduced kidney inflammation in the mice. It was confirmed that bvPLA2 exerted immunomodulatory effects through the CD206 receptor. In addition, bvPLA2 decreased M1 ATM and alleviated the M1/M2 imbalance in vivo. However, bvPLA2 did not directly inhibit adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 adipose cells in vitro. Conclusions bvPLA2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of obesity by regulating adipose tissue macrophage homeostasis.

scholarly journals Loss of Sirt6 in adipocytes impairs the ability of adipose tissue to adapt to intermittent fasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1298-1306
Author(s):  
Dandan Wu ◽  
In Hyuk Bang ◽  
Byung-Hyun Park ◽  
Eun Ju Bae
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Browning

AbstractIntermittent fasting (IF) is gaining popularity for its effectiveness in improving overall health, including its effectiveness in achieving weight loss and euglycemia. The molecular mechanisms of IF, however, are not well understood. This study investigated the relationship between adipocyte sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) and the metabolic benefits of IF. Adipocyte-specific Sirt6-knockout (aS6KO) mice and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum for four weeks and then subjected to 12 weeks on a 2:1 IF regimen consisting of two days of feeding followed by one day of fasting. Compared with wild-type mice, aS6KO mice subjected to HFD + IF exhibited a diminished response, as reflected by their glucose and insulin intolerance, reduced energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning, and increased inflammation of white adipose tissue. Sirt6 deficiency in hepatocytes or in myeloid cells did not impair adaptation to IF. Finally, the results indicated that the impaired adipose tissue browning and reduced expression of UCP1 in aS6KO mice were accompanied by downregulation of p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling. Our findings indicate that Sirt6 in adipocytes is critical to obtaining the improved glucose metabolism and metabolic profiles conferred by IF and that maintaining high levels of Sirt6 in adipocytes may mimic the health benefits of IF.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding Restores Obesity-Induced Alteration in Adipose Tissue Immune Cell Phenotype

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3780
Author(s):  
Youngyoon Lee ◽  
Yelim Kim ◽  
Minam Lee ◽  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Munkyong Pae
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages

Studies suggest that time-restricted feeding (TRF) may prevent obesity and its commodities. At present, little is known about how TRF impacts immune cells, and whether such an effect is linked to altered metabolic parameters under condition of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. To address these issues, we conducted a study in which we determined whether TRF has therapeutic efficacy against weight gain, adiposity, as well as associated immune cell disturbance found in obese mice. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD ad libitum for six weeks, after which time a subgroup of HFD mice was switched to the 10 h TRF paradigm (HFD-TRF) for additional eight weeks. We found that TRF intervention reduced HFD-induced weight gain. Even with comparable fat mass and mean adipocyte area, the HFD-TRF group had lower mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokine Tnfα and chemokine Ccl8, along with reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages (ATM), CD11c+ ATM, and CD8+ T cell compared to the HFD group, while maintaining CD8+ to CD4+ ratio at levels similar to those in the LFD group. Furthermore, TRF intervention was effective in improving glucose tolerance and reducing HOMA-IR. Taken together, our findings suggest that TRF restores the obesity-induced alteration in immune cell composition, and this effect may in part contribute to health benefits (including insulin sensitivity) of practicing TRF.

scholarly journals Weight Gain, Glucose Tolerance, and the Gut Microbiome of Male C57BL/6J Mice Housed on Corncob or Paper Bedding and Fed Normal or High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed R Islam ◽  
Kimberly A Schultz ◽  
Mita Varghese ◽  
Simin H Abrishami ◽  
Jason S Villano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Similar Body

Understanding how differences in animal husbandry practices affect the reproducibility of research results is critical. Wesought to understand how different beddings might influence dietary obesity studies. We compared the effects of paper andcorncob bedding on weight gain, metabolism, and gut microbiome (GM) of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet(ND) and evaluated effects on fecal and cecal microbiomes collected from these cohorts after euthanasia. Male C57BL/6J mice at 5 wk age were allowed to acclimate to the facility and the assigned bedding for one week before being placed on HFD or remaining on the ND for 12 wk. Fecal pellets and cecal samples were collected and frozen for batched 16S sequencing. Mice had similar body weight, visceral gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT), subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT), liver and spleen weights and metabolic changes regardless of the bedding type. Baseline microbiota differences were detected one week after bedding assignment. After 12 wk, the GM showed significant differences depending on both bedding and diet. The effects of the bedding were not significantly different between endpoint fecal and cecal GM, despite the inherent differences in microbiota in fecal and cecal samples. A correlation was detected between diet and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia:Akkermansia. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of considering bedding type when performing dietary experiments.

scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding reduces the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet, possibly by modulating the circadian rhythm of hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Ye ◽  
Haopeng Xu ◽  
Zhibo Xie ◽  
Lun Wang ◽  
Yuning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Time-restricted feeding, also known as intermittent fasting, can confer various beneficial effects, especially protecting against obesity and related metabolic disorders, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism. Methods: Eight-week-old male Kunming mice received either a normal diet ad libitum, a high-fat diet ad libitum, or a high-fat diet restricted to an 8-h temporal window per day for an experimental period of 8 weeks. Weight gain and calorie intake were measured weekly. Serum metabolites, hepatic sections and lipid metabolites, gut microbiota and the hepatic expression of Per1, Cry1, Bmal1, SIRT1, SREBP and PPARα were measured at the end of the experimental period. The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of hepatic genes were compared between four timepoints. Results: Mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet had less weight gain, milder liver steatosis, and lower hepatic levels of triglycerides than mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p<0.05). The numbers of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes differed between mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet and mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p<0.05). Mice fed a time-restricted high-fat diet showed distinct circadian rhythms of hepatic expression of SIRT1, SREBP and PPARα compared with mice fed a normal diet ad libitum, as well as the circadian rhythm of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Conclusions: Time-restricted feeding is associated with better metabolic conditions, perhaps owing to alterations in gut microbiota and the circadian pattern of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism, which were first to report.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Increases Meteorin-Like Protein in Muscle and Adipose Tissue of Chronic High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Yong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Exercise Induced

Upregulated meteorin-like (Metrnl) protein in peripheral tissues because of exercise-induced increases in intramuscular Metrnl may effectively alleviate obesity by improving metabolism in whole-body tissues. The objective was to analyse the effects of regular treadmill exercise on Metrnl levels in muscle and peripheral tissues of chronic high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. Forty-eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were first divided equally into normal-diet (CO) and high-fat diet (HF) groups. Following 16 weeks of a HFD, each group was again split equally into control (CO, HF) and training groups (COT, HFT). The HFT group expressed significantly higher phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), AMPK activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) in muscle tissue than the HF group (p<0.05). Similar to muscle energy sensing network protein levels, the HFT group also expressed significantly higher muscle, plasma, and adipose tissue Metrnl (p<0.05). Moreover, regular exercise increased acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX-1) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL) expression in adipose tissue (p<0.05) and significantly decreased abdominal fat mass (p<0.05). This study suggests that exercise-induced muscle Metrnl effectively reduces fat accumulation through the increase of Metrnl in adipose tissue, which may be a therapeutic target for chronic obesity.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces the Detrimental Effects of a High-Fat Diet, Possibly by Modulating the Circadian Rhythm of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Ye ◽  
Haopeng Xu ◽  
Zhibo Xie ◽  
Lun Wang ◽  
Yuning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background: Time-restricted feeding, also known as intermittent fasting, can confer various beneficial effects, especially protecting against obesity, and related metabolic disorders, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism.Methods: Eight-week-old male Kunming mice received either a normal diet ad libitum, a high-fat diet ad libitum, or a high-fat diet restricted to an 8-h temporal window per day for an experimental period of 8 weeks. Weight gain and calorie intake were measured weekly. Serum metabolites, hepatic sections and lipid metabolites, gut microbiota, and the hepatic expression of Per1, Cry1, Bmal1, SIRT1, SREBP, and PPARα were measured at the end of the experimental period. The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of hepatic genes were compared between four timepoints.Results: Mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet had less weight gain, milder liver steatosis, and lower hepatic levels of triglycerides than mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p &lt; 0.05). The numbers of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes differed between mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet and mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p &lt; 0.05). Mice fed a time-restricted high-fat diet showed distinct circadian rhythms of hepatic expression of SIRT1, SREBP, and PPARα compared with mice fed a normal diet ad libitum, as well as the circadian rhythm of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.Conclusions: Time-restricted feeding is associated with better metabolic conditions, perhaps owing to alterations in gut microbiota and the circadian pattern of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism, which were first to report.

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