scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding reduces the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet, possibly by modulating the circadian rhythm of hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Ye ◽  
Haopeng Xu ◽  
Zhibo Xie ◽  
Lun Wang ◽  
Yuning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Time-restricted feeding, also known as intermittent fasting, can confer various beneficial effects, especially protecting against obesity and related metabolic disorders, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism. Methods: Eight-week-old male Kunming mice received either a normal diet ad libitum, a high-fat diet ad libitum, or a high-fat diet restricted to an 8-h temporal window per day for an experimental period of 8 weeks. Weight gain and calorie intake were measured weekly. Serum metabolites, hepatic sections and lipid metabolites, gut microbiota and the hepatic expression of Per1, Cry1, Bmal1, SIRT1, SREBP and PPARα were measured at the end of the experimental period. The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of hepatic genes were compared between four timepoints. Results: Mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet had less weight gain, milder liver steatosis, and lower hepatic levels of triglycerides than mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p<0.05). The numbers of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes differed between mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet and mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p<0.05). Mice fed a time-restricted high-fat diet showed distinct circadian rhythms of hepatic expression of SIRT1, SREBP and PPARα compared with mice fed a normal diet ad libitum, as well as the circadian rhythm of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Conclusions: Time-restricted feeding is associated with better metabolic conditions, perhaps owing to alterations in gut microbiota and the circadian pattern of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism, which were first to report.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces the Detrimental Effects of a High-Fat Diet, Possibly by Modulating the Circadian Rhythm of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Ye ◽  
Haopeng Xu ◽  
Zhibo Xie ◽  
Lun Wang ◽  
Yuning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background: Time-restricted feeding, also known as intermittent fasting, can confer various beneficial effects, especially protecting against obesity, and related metabolic disorders, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism.Methods: Eight-week-old male Kunming mice received either a normal diet ad libitum, a high-fat diet ad libitum, or a high-fat diet restricted to an 8-h temporal window per day for an experimental period of 8 weeks. Weight gain and calorie intake were measured weekly. Serum metabolites, hepatic sections and lipid metabolites, gut microbiota, and the hepatic expression of Per1, Cry1, Bmal1, SIRT1, SREBP, and PPARα were measured at the end of the experimental period. The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of hepatic genes were compared between four timepoints.Results: Mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet had less weight gain, milder liver steatosis, and lower hepatic levels of triglycerides than mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p &lt; 0.05). The numbers of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes differed between mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet and mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p &lt; 0.05). Mice fed a time-restricted high-fat diet showed distinct circadian rhythms of hepatic expression of SIRT1, SREBP, and PPARα compared with mice fed a normal diet ad libitum, as well as the circadian rhythm of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.Conclusions: Time-restricted feeding is associated with better metabolic conditions, perhaps owing to alterations in gut microbiota and the circadian pattern of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism, which were first to report.

scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding reduces the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet, possibly by modulating the circadian rhythm of hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Ye ◽  
Haopeng Xu ◽  
Zhibo Xie ◽  
Lun Wang ◽  
Yuning Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background Time-restricted feeding, also known as intermittent fasting, can confer various beneficial effects, especially protecting against obesity and related metabolic disorders, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of time-restricted feeding on the circadian rhythm of gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism.Methods Eight-week-old male Kunming mice received either a normal diet ad libitum, a high-fat diet ad libitum, or a high-fat diet restricted to an 8-h temporal window per day for an experimental period of 8 weeks. Weight gain and calorie intake were measured weekly. Serum metabolites, hepatic sections and lipid metabolites, gut microbiota and the hepatic expression of Per1, Cry1, Bmal1, SIRT1, SREBP and PPARα were measured at the end of the experimental period. The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of hepatic genes were compared between four timepoints.Results Mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet had less weight gain, milder liver steatosis, and lower hepatic levels of triglycerides than mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p < 0.05). The numbers of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes differed between mice that received a time-restricted high-fat diet and mice that received a high-fat diet ad libitum (p < 0.05). Mice fed a time-restricted high-fat diet showed distinct circadian rhythms of hepatic expression of SIRT1, SREBP and PPARα compared with mice fed a normal diet ad libitum, as well as the circadian rhythm of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.Conclusions Time-restricted feeding is associated with better metabolic conditions, perhaps owing to alterations in gut microbiota and the circadian pattern of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism, which were first to report.

scholarly journals The effect of calorie intake, fasting, and dietary composition on metabolic health and gut microbiota in mice

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Yuh Jiun Loh ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Chenhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background Calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) can promote metabolic health through a process that is partially mediated by gut microbiota modulation. To compare the effects of CR and IF with different dietary structures on metabolic health and the gut microbiota, we performed an experiment in which mice were subjected to a CR or IF regimen and an additional IF control (IFCtrl) group whose total energy intake was not different from that of the CR group was included. Each regimen was included for normal chow and high-fat diet. Results We showed that in normal-chow mice, the IFCtrl regimen had similar positive effects on glucose and lipid metabolism as the CR regimen, but the IF regimen showed almost no influence compared to the outcomes observed in the ad libitum group. IF also resulted in improvements, but the effects were less marked than those associate with CR and IFCtrl when the mice were fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, CR created a stable and unique gut microbial community, while the gut microbiota shaped by IF exhibited dynamic changes in fasting-refeeding cycles. At the end of each cycle, the gut microbiota of the IFCtrl mice was similar to that of the CR mice, and the gut microbiota of the IF mice was similar to that of the ad libitum group. When the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus OTU2 was high, the corresponding metabolic phenotype was improved regardless of eating pattern and dietary structure, which might be one of the key bacterial groups in the gut microbiota that is positively correlated with metabolic amelioration. Conclusion There are interactions among the amount of food intake, the diet structure, and the fasting time on metabolic health. The structure and composition of gut microbiota modified by dietary regimens might contribute to the beneficial effects on the host metabolism.

scholarly journals Effects of gut microbiota on leptin expression and body weight are lessened by high-fat diet in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Yao ◽  
Chaonan Fan ◽  
Xiuqin Fan ◽  
Yuanyuan Lu ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Leptin Expression

AbstractAberration in leptin expression is one of the most frequent features in the onset and progression of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and need to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of the absence of gut microbiota on body weight and the expression and promoter methylation of the leptin. Male C57 BL/6 J germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) mice (aged 4–5 weeks) were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Six to eight mice from each group, at 15 weeks, were administered exogenous leptin for 7 d. Leptin expression and body weight gain in GF mice were increased by NFD with more CpG sites hypermethylated at the leptin promoter, whereas there was no change with HFD, compared with CV mice. Adipose or hepatic expression of genes associated with fat synthesis (Acc1, Fas and Srebp-1c), hydrolysis and oxidation (Atgl, Cpt1a, Cpt1c, Ppar-α and Pgc-1α) was lower, and hypothalamus expression of Pomc and Socs3 was higher in GF mice than levels in CV mice, particularly with NFD feeding. Exogenous leptin reduced body weight in both types of mice, with a greater effect on CV mice with NFD. Adipose Lep-R expression was up-regulated, and hepatic Fas and hypothalamic Socs3 were down-regulated in both types of mice. Expression of fat hydrolysis and oxidative genes (Atgl, Hsl, Cpt1a, Cpt1c, Ppar-α and Pgc-1α) was up-regulated in CV mice. Therefore, the effects of gut microbiota on the leptin expression and body weight were affected by dietary fat intake.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Metabolome and Gut Microbiota Profiles of Juvenile Göttingen Minipigs—Long-Term Intake of Fructose and Resistant Starch

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Mihai V. Curtasu ◽  
Valeria Tafintseva ◽  
Zachary A. Bendiks ◽  
Maria L. Marco ◽  
Achim Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in a juvenile Göttingen minipig model. This study aimed to explore the metabolic effects of two carbohydrate sources with different degrees of risk in obesity development when associated with a high fat intake. A high-risk (HR) high-fat diet containing 20% fructose was compared to a control lower-risk (LR) high-fat diet where a similar amount of carbohydrate was provided as a mix of digestible and resistant starch from high amylose maize. Both diets were fed ad libitum. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to explore plasma, urine, and feces samples over five months. Plasma and fecal short-chain fatty acids were targeted and quantified. Fecal microbiota was analyzed using genomic sequencing. Data analysis was performed using sparse multi-block partial least squares regression. The LR diet increased concentrations of fecal and plasma total short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetate, and there was a higher relative abundance of microbiota associated with acetate production such as Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus. A higher proportion of Firmicutes was measured with the HR diet, together with a lower alpha diversity compared to the LR diet. Irrespective of diet, the ad libitum exposure to the high-energy diets was accompanied by well-known biomarkers associated with obesity and diabetes, particularly branched-chain amino acids, keto acids, and other catabolism metabolites.

scholarly journals Broccoli Florets Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Alters Gut Microbiome Population—A Steatosis Mice Model Induced by High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Zandani ◽  
Sarit Anavi-Cohen ◽  
Nina Tsybina-Shimshilashvili ◽  
Noa Sela ◽  
Abraham Nyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Significant Difference

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gut dysbiosis. Gut microbiota profoundly affects the host energy homeostasis, which, in turn, is affected by a high-fat diet (HFD) through the liver-gut axis, among others. Broccoli contains beneficial bioactive compounds and may protect against several diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of broccoli supplementation to an HFD on metabolic parameters and gut microbiome in mice. Male (7–8 weeks old) C57BL/J6 mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet+10% broccoli florets (HFD + F), and high-fat diet + 10% broccoli stalks (HFD + S). Liver histology and serum biochemical factors were evaluated. Alterations in protein and gene expression of the key players in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in gut microbiota alterations were also investigated. Broccoli florets addition to the HFD significantly reduced serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and upregulated adiponectin receptor expression. Conversely, no significant difference was found in the group supplemented with broccoli stalks. Both broccoli stalks and florets did not affect fat accumulation, carbohydrate, or lipid metabolism-related parameters. Modifications in diversity and in microbial structure of proteobacteria strains, Akermansia muciniphila and Mucispirillum schaedleri were observed in the broccoli-supplemented HFD-fed mice. The present study suggests that dietary broccoli alters parameters related to insulin sensitivity and modulates the intestinal environment. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Sex differences in gut microbiome in high-fat-diet fed rats.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shi ◽  
Fangzhi Yue ◽  
Lin Xing ◽  
Shanyu Wu ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Sex differences in obesity and related metabolic diseases are well recognized, however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. Gut microbiota and its metabolites may play a vital role in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in gut microbiota and its metabolites in a high-fat-diet (HFD) obesity rats and identify microbiota genera potentially contributing to such differences in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility. Results Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following groups (seven animals per group): (1) male rats on a normal diet (MND), (2) male rats on HFD (MHFD), (3) female rats on a normal diet (FND), and (4) female rats on HFD (FHFD). HFD induced more body weight gain and fat storage in female rats, however, lower hepatic steatosis in FHFD than in MHFD rats was observed. When considering gut microbiota composition, FHFD rats had lower microbiome diversity than MHFD. A significant increase of Firmicutes phylum and Bilophila genus was detected in MHFD rats, as compared with FHFD, which showed increased relative abundance of Murimonas and Roseburia . Moreover, propionic and lauric acid levels were higher in FHFD than those in MHFD rats. Conclusion HFD induced sex-related alterations in gut microbiome and fatty acids. Furthermore, the genus Bilophila and Roseburia might contribute to sex differences observed in obesity and NAFLD susceptibility.

scholarly journals Dissociation between Corneal and Cardiometabolic Changes in Response to a Time-Restricted Feeding of a High Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Prince K. Akowuah ◽  
Aubrey Hargrave ◽  
Rolando E. Rumbaut ◽  
Alan R. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) ab libitum show corneal dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased sensitivity and impaired wound healing. Time-restricted (TR) feeding can effectively mitigate the cardiometabolic effects of an HFD. To determine if TR feeding attenuates HFD-induced corneal dysregulation, this study evaluated 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed an ad libitum normal diet (ND), an ad libitum HFD, or a time-restricted (TR) HFD for 10 days. Corneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. A corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored for 30 h. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. TR HFD fed mice gained less weight (p < 0.0001), had less visceral fat (p = 0.015), and had reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells (p < 0.05) compared to ad libitum HFD fed mice. Corneal sensitivity was reduced in ad libitum HFD and TR HFD fed mice compared to ad libitum ND fed mice (p < 0.0001). Following epithelial abrasion, corneal wound closure was delayed (~6 h), and neutrophil and platelet recruitment was dysregulated similarly in ad libitum and TR HFD fed mice. TR HFD feeding appears to mitigate adipose tissue inflammation and adiposity, while the cornea remains sensitive to the pathologic effects of HFD feeding.

scholarly journals Purple-leaf tea (Camellia sinensis L.) ameliorates high-fat diet induced obesity and metabolic disorder through the modulation of the gut microbiota in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chun Lin ◽  
Hsu-Feng Lu ◽  
Jui-Chieh Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Chen Huang ◽  
Yu-Hsin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Purple Leaf

Abstract Background Obesity and its associated diseases have become a major world-wide health problem. Purple-leaf Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) (PLT), that is rich of anthocyanins, has been shown to have preventive effects on obesity and metabolic disorders. The intestinal microbiota has been shown to contribute to inflammation, obesity, and several metabolic disorders. However, whether PLT consumption could prevent obesity and diet-induced metabolic diseases by modulating the gut microbiota, is not clearly understood. Methods In this study, six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high fat diet (HFD) without or with PLT for 10 weeks. Results PLT modulated the gut microbiota in mice and alleviated the symptoms of HFD-induced metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatic steatosis. PLT increased the diversity of the microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. f_Barnesiellaceae, g_Barnesiella, f_Ruminococcaceae, and f_Lachnospiraceae were discriminating faecal bacterial communities of the PLT mice that differed from the HFD mice. Conclusions These data indicate that PLT altered the microbial contents of the gut and prevented microbial dysbiosis in the host, and consequently is involved in the modulation of susceptibility to insulin resistance, hepatic diseases, and obesity that are linked to an HFD.

scholarly journals Effect ofLactobacillus plantarumStrain K21 on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chen Wu ◽  
Wei-Lien Weng ◽  
Wen-Lin Lai ◽  
Hui-Ping Tsai ◽  
Wei-Hsien Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Recent studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of specific probiotics on alleviating obesity-related disorders. Here we aimed to identify probiotics with potential antiobesity activity among 88 lactic acid bacterial strains viain vitroscreening assays, and aLactobacillus plantarumstrain K21 was found to harbor abilities required for hydrolyzing bile salt, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, effects of K21 on diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were examined. Male C57Bl/6J mice received a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD with K21 administration (109 CFU in 0.2 mL PBS/day) for eight weeks. Supplementation of K21, but not placebo, appeared to alleviate body weight gain and epididymal fat mass accumulation, reduce plasma leptin levels, decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and mitigate liver damage in DIO mice. Moreover, the hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) related to adipogenesis was significantly downregulated in DIO mice by K21 intervention. We also found that K21 supplementation strengthens intestinal permeability and modulates the amount ofLactobacillusspp.,Bifidobacteriumspp., andClostridium perfringensin the cecal contents of DIO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary intake of K21 protects against the onset of HFD-induced obesity through multiple mechanisms of action.

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