scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Potential Role of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae in the Diarrhoeic Syndrome of Lambs

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos ◽  
Natalia G. C. Vasileiou ◽  
Katerina S. Ioannidi ◽  
Angeliki I. Katsafadou ◽  
Vasia S. Mavrogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Inva Gene ◽  
Milk Samples

The objectives of this experimental work were the evaluation of the potential role of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae in diarrhoeic syndrome in lambs and the investigation of facets of the pathogenesis of the infection. In total, 12 lambs were challenged orally on the first day of life, with a S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolate from a clinical case of diarrhoeic syndrome. Sequential blood, faecal and buccal samples were collected from lambs and faecal and milk samples were taken from their dams. Lambs were euthanised 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after challenge. Samples were processed for recovery of the challenge organism; they were also subjected to examination by PCR for detection of the invA gene. Tissue samples from lambs were also examined as above and histopathologically. S. enterica subsp. diarizonae was recovered from faecal samples of all lambs, in total, from 45/77 samples (median duration: 2.4 days post-inoculation). It was also recovered from buccal samples (10/77) from seven lambs (median duration: 0.8 days), and from tissue samples (small intestine, abomasum, liver, gallbladder) of nine lambs. It was recovered from two consecutive milk samples from the same ewe, but not from any faecal sample from ewes. The invA gene was detected in samples from all lambs (median duration: 5.5 days in faecal and 1.3 days in buccal samples), as well as in milk samples from three ewes. Histopathological findings included abomasitis with subepithelial presence of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, consistently observed in all lambs. In the small intestine, salient lesions initially included distension and oedema of intestinal villi, leucocytic infiltration and hyperplasia of lymphoid nodules with apparent germinal centres; this was followed at later stages by atrophy and/or degeneration of the lymphoid tissue of the intestine with marked subepithelial infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7539
Author(s):  
Amro M. Soliman ◽  
Teoh Seong Lin ◽  
Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh ◽  
Srijit Das
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
The Usa

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.

scholarly journals Intestinal miRNAs regulated in response to dietary lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Gil-Zamorano ◽  
João Tomé-Carneiro ◽  
María-Carmen Lopez de las Hazas ◽  
Lorena del Pozo-Acebo ◽  
M. Carmen Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Abstract The role of miRNAs in intestinal lipid metabolism is poorly described. The small intestine is constantly exposed to high amounts of dietary lipids, and it is under conditions of stress that the functions of miRNAs become especially pronounced. Approaches consisting in either a chronic exposure to cholesterol and triglyceride rich diets (for several days or weeks) or an acute lipid challenge were employed in the search for intestinal miRNAs with a potential role in lipid metabolism regulation. According to our results, changes in miRNA expression in response to fat ingestion are dependent on factors such as time upon exposure, gender and small intestine section. Classic and recent intestinal in vitro models (i.e. differentiated Caco-2 cells and murine organoids) partially mirror miRNA modulation in response to lipid challenges in vivo. Moreover, intestinal miRNAs might play a role in triglyceride absorption and produce changes in lipid accumulation in intestinal tissues as seen in a generated intestinal Dicer1-deletion murine model. Overall, despite some variability between the different experimental cohorts and in vitro models, results show that some miRNAs analysed here are modulated in response to dietary lipids, hence likely to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism, and call for further research.

scholarly journals The system of nitrogen oxide generation of small intestine in experimental gastroenterocolitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Tkachenko ◽  
V. H. Hopkalov ◽  
M. A. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Enos Activity ◽  
Microcirculatory Disorders

The activity of endothelial and inducible NO-synthases and the content of S-nitrosothiols were studied in the small intestine homogenates of rats with chronic experimental gastroenterocolitis caused by food additive carrageenan intake during 2 and 4 weeks. It was established that carrageenan intake during 2 weeks led to a decrease of eNOS activity and increased the activity of iNOS in small intestine homogenate, causing increased production of NO and, therefore of Snitrosothiols. A decreased NO synthesis in four-week use of carrageenan indicated a potential role of NO deficiency in the development of microcirculatory disorders and chronic inflammation.

scholarly journals Epidemiological significance of Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo and the potential role of feed for their entry into the food chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Nedjeljko Karabasil ◽  
Ivana Cabarkapa ◽  
Ljiljana Suvajdzic
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

scholarly journals First Insights into the Diverse Human Archaeome: Specific Detection of Archaea in the Gastrointestinal Tract, Lung, and Nose and on Skin

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Koskinen ◽  
Manuela R. Pausan ◽  
Alexandra K. Perras ◽  
Michael Beck ◽  
Corinna Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Processing Pipeline ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Human-associated archaea remain understudied in the field of microbiome research, although in particular methanogenic archaea were found to be regular commensals of the human gut, where they represent keystone species in metabolic processes. Knowledge on the abundance and diversity of human-associated archaea is extremely limited, and little is known about their function(s), their overall role in human health, or their association with parts of the human body other than the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity. Currently, methodological issues impede the full assessment of the human archaeome, as bacteria-targeting protocols are unsuitable for characterization of the full spectrum of Archaea. The goal of this study was to establish conservative protocols based on specifically archaea-targeting, PCR-based methods to retrieve first insights into the archaeomes of the human gastrointestinal tract, lung, nose, and skin. Detection of Archaea was highly dependent on primer selection and the sequence processing pipeline used. Our results enabled us to retrieve a novel picture of the human archaeome, as we found for the first time Methanobacterium and Woesearchaeota (DPANN superphylum) to be associated with the human gastrointestinal tract and the human lung, respectively. Similar to bacteria, human-associated archaeal communities were found to group biogeographically, forming (i) the thaumarchaeal skin landscape, (ii) the (methano)euryarchaeal gastrointestinal tract, (iii) a mixed skin-gastrointestinal tract landscape for the nose, and (iv) a woesearchaeal lung landscape. On the basis of the protocols we used, we were able to detect unexpectedly high diversity of archaea associated with different body parts. IMPORTANCE In summary, our study highlights the importance of the primers and data processing pipeline used to study the human archaeome. We were able to establish protocols that revealed the presence of previously undetected Archaea in all of the tissue samples investigated and to detect biogeographic patterns of the human archaeome in the gastrointestinal tract and on the skin and for the first time in the respiratory tract, i.e., the nose and lungs. Our results are a solid basis for further investigation of the human archaeome and, in the long term, discovery of the potential role of archaea in human health and disease. IMPORTANCE In summary, our study highlights the importance of the primers and NGS data processing pipeline used to study the human archaeome. We were able to establish protocols that revealed the presence of previously undetected Archaea in all of the tissue samples investigated and to detect biogeographic patterns of the human archaeome in the gastrointestinal tract, on the skin, and for the first time in the respiratory tract, i.e., the nose and lungs. Our results are a solid basis for further investigation of the human archaeome and, in the long term, discovery of the potential role of archaea in human health and disease.

scholarly journals ADHFE1 is a correlative factor of patient survival in cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Qiyan Wu ◽  
Yaojun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Regulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Cycle Regulation

Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenase iron containing 1 (ADHFE1) encodes a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase participating in multiple biological processes. The role of ADHFE1 in cancer has not been fully uncovered. Herein, we performed data analysis to investigate the expression of ADHFE1 and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, its relationship with cancer patients’ survival, and the relevant pathways in cancer. A range of recognized, web-available databases and bioinformatics tools were used in this in silico study. We found that ADHFE1 was frequently downregulated and hypermethylated in various cancer cell lines and tissue samples. High expression of ADHFE1 was positively associated with favorable patient prognosis in breast, colon, and gastric cancers. Pathway analysis revealed its potential role in cancer-related biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA replication, and cell cycle regulation. AHDFE1 mRNA expression and DNA methylation can potentially be used as diagnostic markers in cancer and might be of great value in predicting the survival of patients with cancer.

The potential role of fatty acids in prostate cancer determined by GC–MS analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 113907
Author(s):  
Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta ◽  
Joanna Raczak-Gutknecht ◽  
Małgorzata Artymowicz ◽  
Wojciech Wesołowski ◽  
Kamil Buczkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

scholarly journals Presence ofLeishmaniaandBrucellaSpecies in the Golden JackalCanis aureusin Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duško Ćirović ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Snežana Tomanović ◽  
Ratko Sukara ◽  
Aleksandra Penezić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Eastern Europe

The golden jackalCanis aureusoccurs in south-eastern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Africa. In Serbia, jackals neared extinction; however, during the last 30 years, the species started to spread quickly and to increase in number. Few studies in the past have revealed their potential role as carriers of zoonotic diseases. Animal samples were collected over a three-year period (01/2010–02/2013) from 12 sites all over Serbia. Of the tissue samples collected, spleen was chosen as the tissue to proceed; all samples were tested forLeishmaniaspecies andBrucellaspecies by real-time PCR. Of the 216 samples collected, 15 (6.9%) were positive forLeishmaniaspecies, while four (1.9%) were positive forB. canis. The potential epidemiologic role of the golden jackal in carrying and dispersing zoonotic diseases in Serbia should be taken under consideration when applying surveillance monitoring schemes.

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