scholarly journals Chromatic and Morphological Differentiation of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) with Land Use Diversity in El Salvador

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Víctor D. Carmona-Galindo ◽  
Claire C. Sheppard ◽  
Madelyn L. Bastin ◽  
Megan R. Kehrig ◽  
Maria F. Marín-Recinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Change Mitigation

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by insect-vectors in the taxonomic subfamily Triatominae and affects approximately 8,000,000 people world-wide. Current mitigation strategies for Chagas focus on insecticides, infrastructure improvements, and management of symptoms, which are largely unsustainable in underserved communities where the disease is widespread. Transmission patterns of vector-borne diseases are known to adaptively respond to habitat change; as such, the objective of our study was to evaluate how the physical characteristics of Triatoma dimidiata would vary in relation to land use in El Salvador. We hypothesized that the color and morphology of T. dimidiata would change with municipal levels of urban and natural green space, natural green space, and agricultural space, as well as municipal diversity, richness, and evenness of land use types. Our results characterize how T. dimidiata color and morphology vary directly with anthropogenic changes to natural and agricultural environments, which are reflective of a highly adaptable population primed to respond to environmental change. Mitigation studies of Chagas disease should exploit the relationships between anthropogenic land use and T. dimidiata morphology to evaluate how the transmission pattern of T. cruzi and Chagas disease symptomology are impacted.

scholarly journals Ecosystem approaches to controlling of vector-borne diseases: dengue and Chagas disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S4-S4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Glória Teixeira ◽  
Ana Boischio ◽  
Maria da Conceição N. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Ecosystem Approaches

scholarly journals POTENSI TRIATOMA SP DALAM PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT TULAR VEKTOR EMERGING DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Risqa Novita
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The era of globalization allows migration fastly, so we do not have boundary of a country. This led to an increase of the infectious diseases. Indonesia also have an impact on this globalization by highly migration. Indonesia is a tropical country and has diversity of vectors that can transmit various tropical diseases. One of a vector  which transmitted vector borne diseases is a bug Triatoma. Triatoma lives near the people’s house and in the bed. One of the species of Triatoma which found in indonesia is Triatoma rubrifasciata which is vector of Chagas disease and Leprosy and can cause allergic reaction of the skin after the bite. Triatoma infection in Southeast Asia, including in Indonesia has not been widely reported. This condition should make us to be alert on the disease emerging or re emerging diseases that can be caused by Triatoma . This article aims to study Triatoma as a vector of emerging and potentially re emerging diseases in Indonesia, which are Chagas, skin allergic reaction after bite and Leprosy. Methods. Literature review by look in google scholar and pubmed, by search using keywords: emerging parasitic, vector borne diseases, Triatoma in Southeast Asia. Inclusion criterias are research articles, laboratory research, case report, and systematic surveillance. Based on the literatures, tracing data that Indonesia has a chance to be  the cases of Chagas disease, Skin allergic reaction of Triatoma and Leprosy. It is supposed to made the vigilance on  make a early warning system, so our public health coud be achieved highest.

scholarly journals RURAL FLASH-FLOOD BEHAVIOR IN GOUYAVE WATERSHED, GRENADA, CARIBBEAN ISLAND

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Rahmat Aris Pratomo ◽  
Victor Jetten ◽  
Dinand Alkema
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
North West ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Land Use Types

Flash-flood is considered as one of the most common natural disasters in Grenada, a tropical small state island in Caribbean Island. Grenada has several areas which are susceptible to flooding. One of them is Gouyave town which is located in the north-west of Grenada. Its land-use types are highly dominated by green areas, especially in the upper-part of the region. The built-up areas can only be found in the lower-part of Gouyave watershed, near the coastal area. However, there were many land conversions from natural land-use types into built-up areas in the upper-part region. They affected the decrease of water infiltration and the increase of potential run-off, making these areas susceptible to flash-flood. In addition, it is also influenced by the phenomenon of climate change. Changes in extreme temperature increase higher potential of hurricanes or wind-storm, directly related to the potential escalation of flash-flood. To develop effective mitigation strategies, understanding the behavior of flash-flood is required. The purpose of this paper was to observe the behavior of flash-flood in Gouyave watershed in various return periods using OpenLISEM software. It was used to develop and analyse the flash-flood characteristics. The result showed that the climatic condition (rainfall intensity) and land-use are influential to the flash-flood event. Flash-flood occurs in 35 and 100 years return period. Flash-flood inundates Gouyave’s area in long duration, with below 1 m flood depth. The flood propagation time is slow. This condition is also influenced by the narrower and longer of Gouyave basin shape. To develop flash-flood reduction strategies, the overall understanding of flash-flood behavior is important. If the mitigation strategy is adapted to their behavior, the implementation will be more optimum.

scholarly journals The Land Use and Cover Change in Miombo Woodlands under Community Based Forest Management and Its Implication to Climate Change Mitigation: A Case of Southern Highlands of Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. J. Lupala ◽  
L. P. Lusambo ◽  
Y. M. Ngaga ◽  
Angelingis A. Makatta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Miombo Woodlands ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cover Density ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Land Use And Cover

In Tanzania, miombo woodland is the most significant forest vegetation with both ecological and socioeconomic importance. The vegetation has been threatened from land use and cover change due to unsustainable utilization. Over the past two decades, community based forest management (CBFM) has been practiced to address the problem. Given the current need to mitigate global climate change, little is known on the influence of CBFM to the land use and cover change in miombo woodlands and therefore compromising climate change mitigation strategies. This study explored the dynamic of land use and covers change and biomass due to CBFM and established the implication to climate change mitigation. The study revealed increasing miombo woodland cover density with decreasing unsustainable utilization. The observed improvement in cover density and biomass provides potential for climate change mitigation strategies. CBFM also developed solidarity, cohesion, and social control of miombo woodlands illegal extraction. This further enhances permanence, reduces leakage, and increases accountability requirement for carbon credits. Collectively with these promising results, good land use plan at village level and introduction of alternative income generating activities can be among the best options to further reduce land use change and biomass loss in miombo woodlands.

An exploration of land use and poverty as an integrative model for mitigating Chagas disease in El Salvador

BIOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Choi ◽  
Víctor Carmona-Galindo ◽  
Guillermo Recinos Paredes ◽  
María Fernanda Marín Recinos ◽  
Vianney Castañeda de Abrego
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Integrative Model

scholarly journals Leishmaniasis and Climate Change—Case Study: Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Daniel Salomón ◽  
María Gabriela Quintana ◽  
Andrea Verónica Mastrángelo ◽  
María Soledad Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases closely associated with the environment, such as leishmaniases, have been a usual argument about the deleterious impact of climate change on public health. From the biological point of view interaction of different variables has different and even conflicting effects on the survival of vectors and the probability transmission of pathogens. The results on ecoepidemiology of leishmaniasis in Argentina related to climate variables at different scales of space and time are presented. These studies showed that the changes in transmission due to change or increase in frequency and intensity of climatic instability were expressed through changes in the probability of vector-human reservoir effective contacts. These changes of contact in turn are modulated by both direct effects on the biology and ecology of the organisms involved, as by perceptions and changes in the behavior of the human communities at risk. Therefore, from the perspective of public health and state policy, and taking into account the current nonlinear increased velocity of climate change, we concluded that discussing the uncertainties of large-scale models will have lower impact than to develop-validate mitigation strategies to be operative at local level, and compatibles with sustainable development, conservation biodiversity, and respect for cultural diversity.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Controlling Urban Mosquito-Borne Diseases in a Changing Urban Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ligsay ◽  
Olivier Telle ◽  
Richard Paul
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Organization

Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world’s population by 2050 and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities’ surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of such vector-borne diseases. Many of the major mosquito-borne diseases are urban and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Mitigation strategies beneficial for one sector may, however, be detrimental for another. Implementation of inter-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labour and health) do exist and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among inter-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.

scholarly journals Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Different Land-Use Types in Savanna Ecosystems of Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Wachiye ◽  
Lutz Merbold ◽  
Timo Vesala ◽  
Janne Rinne ◽  
Matti Räsänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. For effective climate change mitigation strategies, adequate data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a wide range of land-use and land cover types area prerequisite. However, GHG field measurement data are still scarce for many land-use types in Africa, causing a high uncertainty in GHG budgets. To address this knowledge gap, we present in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions in the lowland part of southern Kenya. We conducted chamber measurements on gas exchange from four dominant land-use types (LUTs) and included (1) cropland, (2) grazed savanna, (3) bushland, and (4) conservation land. Between 29 November 2017 to 3 November 2018, eight measurement campaigns were conducted accounting for regional seasonality (including wet and dry seasons and transitions periods) in each LUT. Mean CO2 emissions for the whole observation period were significantly higher (p-value 

Development of a Multi-Hazard Landscape for Exposure and Risk Interpretation: The PRISM Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Buck ◽  
Kevin J. Summers ◽  
Stephen Hafner ◽  
Lisa M. Smith ◽  
Linda C. Harwell
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Temporal Profiles

Background: Multi-hazard risk assessment has long been centered on small scale needs, whereby a single community or group of communities’ exposures are assessed to determine potential mitigation strategies. While this approach has advanced the understanding of hazard interactions, it is limiting on larger scales or when significantly different hazard types are present. In order to address some of these issues, an approach is developed where multiple hazards coalesce with losses into an index representing the risk landscape. Methods: Exposures are assessed as a proportion of land-area, allowing for multiple hazards to be combined in a single calculation. Risk calculations are weighted by land-use types (built, dual-benefit, natural) in each county. This allows for a more detailed analysis of land impacts and removes some of the bias introduced by monetary losses in heavily urbanized counties. Results: The results of the quantitative analysis show a landscape where the risk to natural systems is high and the western United States is exposed to a bulk of the risk. Land-use and temporal profiles exemplify a dynamic risk-scape. Conclusion: The calculation of risk is meant to inform community decisions based on the unique set of hazards in that area over time.

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