scholarly journals RURAL FLASH-FLOOD BEHAVIOR IN GOUYAVE WATERSHED, GRENADA, CARIBBEAN ISLAND

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Rahmat Aris Pratomo ◽  
Victor Jetten ◽  
Dinand Alkema
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
North West ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Land Use Types

Flash-flood is considered as one of the most common natural disasters in Grenada, a tropical small state island in Caribbean Island. Grenada has several areas which are susceptible to flooding. One of them is Gouyave town which is located in the north-west of Grenada. Its land-use types are highly dominated by green areas, especially in the upper-part of the region. The built-up areas can only be found in the lower-part of Gouyave watershed, near the coastal area. However, there were many land conversions from natural land-use types into built-up areas in the upper-part region. They affected the decrease of water infiltration and the increase of potential run-off, making these areas susceptible to flash-flood. In addition, it is also influenced by the phenomenon of climate change. Changes in extreme temperature increase higher potential of hurricanes or wind-storm, directly related to the potential escalation of flash-flood. To develop effective mitigation strategies, understanding the behavior of flash-flood is required. The purpose of this paper was to observe the behavior of flash-flood in Gouyave watershed in various return periods using OpenLISEM software. It was used to develop and analyse the flash-flood characteristics. The result showed that the climatic condition (rainfall intensity) and land-use are influential to the flash-flood event. Flash-flood occurs in 35 and 100 years return period. Flash-flood inundates Gouyave’s area in long duration, with below 1 m flood depth. The flood propagation time is slow. This condition is also influenced by the narrower and longer of Gouyave basin shape. To develop flash-flood reduction strategies, the overall understanding of flash-flood behavior is important. If the mitigation strategy is adapted to their behavior, the implementation will be more optimum.

Soil Infiltration Characteristics under Different Land at Western Yunnan Plateau

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 694-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Hui Qi ◽  
Zhi Qin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Grass Land ◽  
Yunnan Plateau ◽  
Soil Water Infiltration ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Western Yunnan

On the basis of soil physical properties of three different land use types at western Yunnan plateau, the soil moisture infiltration characteristics in these three land use types were studied with the advanced double-rings method. The results showed that there were differences on soil bulk density, soil porosity, initial soil water infiltration rate and stable soil water infiltration rate. The bulk density of dry land is higher than that of forest land and grass land, which results in the physical properties and structure of forest land soil are better than those of non-forest land. For the initial infiltration, its order from high to low is forest land, dry land and grass land. Among different stands, it is showed that from the average infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate, its order from high to low was forest land, grass land and dry land.

scholarly journals Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions under Different Land-Use Types in Savanna Ecosystems of Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Wachiye ◽  
Lutz Merbold ◽  
Timo Vesala ◽  
Janne Rinne ◽  
Matti Räsänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. For effective climate change mitigation strategies, adequate data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a wide range of land-use and land cover types area prerequisite. However, GHG field measurement data are still scarce for many land-use types in Africa, causing a high uncertainty in GHG budgets. To address this knowledge gap, we present in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions in the lowland part of southern Kenya. We conducted chamber measurements on gas exchange from four dominant land-use types (LUTs) and included (1) cropland, (2) grazed savanna, (3) bushland, and (4) conservation land. Between 29 November 2017 to 3 November 2018, eight measurement campaigns were conducted accounting for regional seasonality (including wet and dry seasons and transitions periods) in each LUT. Mean CO2 emissions for the whole observation period were significantly higher (p-value 

Development of a Multi-Hazard Landscape for Exposure and Risk Interpretation: The PRISM Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Buck ◽  
Kevin J. Summers ◽  
Stephen Hafner ◽  
Lisa M. Smith ◽  
Linda C. Harwell
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Temporal Profiles

Background: Multi-hazard risk assessment has long been centered on small scale needs, whereby a single community or group of communities’ exposures are assessed to determine potential mitigation strategies. While this approach has advanced the understanding of hazard interactions, it is limiting on larger scales or when significantly different hazard types are present. In order to address some of these issues, an approach is developed where multiple hazards coalesce with losses into an index representing the risk landscape. Methods: Exposures are assessed as a proportion of land-area, allowing for multiple hazards to be combined in a single calculation. Risk calculations are weighted by land-use types (built, dual-benefit, natural) in each county. This allows for a more detailed analysis of land impacts and removes some of the bias introduced by monetary losses in heavily urbanized counties. Results: The results of the quantitative analysis show a landscape where the risk to natural systems is high and the western United States is exposed to a bulk of the risk. Land-use and temporal profiles exemplify a dynamic risk-scape. Conclusion: The calculation of risk is meant to inform community decisions based on the unique set of hazards in that area over time.

scholarly journals Chromatic and Morphological Differentiation of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) with Land Use Diversity in El Salvador

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Víctor D. Carmona-Galindo ◽  
Claire C. Sheppard ◽  
Madelyn L. Bastin ◽  
Megan R. Kehrig ◽  
Maria F. Marín-Recinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Change Mitigation

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by insect-vectors in the taxonomic subfamily Triatominae and affects approximately 8,000,000 people world-wide. Current mitigation strategies for Chagas focus on insecticides, infrastructure improvements, and management of symptoms, which are largely unsustainable in underserved communities where the disease is widespread. Transmission patterns of vector-borne diseases are known to adaptively respond to habitat change; as such, the objective of our study was to evaluate how the physical characteristics of Triatoma dimidiata would vary in relation to land use in El Salvador. We hypothesized that the color and morphology of T. dimidiata would change with municipal levels of urban and natural green space, natural green space, and agricultural space, as well as municipal diversity, richness, and evenness of land use types. Our results characterize how T. dimidiata color and morphology vary directly with anthropogenic changes to natural and agricultural environments, which are reflective of a highly adaptable population primed to respond to environmental change. Mitigation studies of Chagas disease should exploit the relationships between anthropogenic land use and T. dimidiata morphology to evaluate how the transmission pattern of T. cruzi and Chagas disease symptomology are impacted.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil properties under different landuse in Koupendri catchment, Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuebuka Vincent Azuka ◽  
Attanda Mouinou Igué
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
North West ◽  
Grid Sampling ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Spherical Models ◽  
Effect Ratio

The spatial distribution of soil properties especially saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), Bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (Avail.P) is fundamental to sustainable management of soil resources. About 291 surface soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected across three land use types (maize-sorghum (MS), rice field and fallow shrub-grassland (FSG) in Koupendri, north-west Benin using a grid sampling of 25 m x 25 m supplemented with samplings at 5 m x 5 m. Data obtained were subjected to classical and spatial statistics, Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance using GENSTAT. The soil properties showed normal and non-normal distribution, variation was high (75-126.7 %) for Ksat, moderate (29-45 %) for SOC, C/N and Avail.P, and low (7-15) for BD and TN across the land use. Land use had significant (P &lt; 0.05) effect on all the soil properties evaluated except C/N. The highest values of Ksat (151.6 cm/d), SOC (1.26 %), BD (1.79 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), TN (0.105 %), Avail.P (4.66 ppm) and C/N (12.14) were obtained under the MS cropland whereas porosity was highest (43.7 %) in the rice field. High significant correlation (P &lt; 0.01) was observed among the soil properties irrespective of land use.  The correlation length (65-300 m) and nugget effect ratio indicates high variation and strong spatially dependent soil properties. However, TN, BD, Avail.P and C/N were weakly spatially dependent. The variograms were fitted with mostly exponential and spherical models. The interpolation map could help in delineating different management zones and for making good agronomic decisions.

scholarly journals Study of soil physical properties and water infiltration rates in different types of land use

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Romeu De Souza Werner ◽  
Neuro Hilton Wolschick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Different Types

Studying the changes in soil properties caused by different land uses allows measures to be adopted that will reduce the risk of future negative effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and quantify water infiltration for different types of land use in the Santa Catarina Plateau of southern Brazil. The research was conducted on a 1,200 ha rural property. The land use types selected were natural forest (NF), planted pine (PP), crop-livestock integration (CLI), and burned natural rangeland (BR). A sample survey was carried out in nine different areas for each land use. Samples were collected from four soil layers and the soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), and macropore (Ma), micropore (Mi), and biopore (Bio) volumes were measured. Water infiltration tests were performed to obtain the initial (ii) and final (fi) water infiltration rates into the soil, and the total amount of water that had infiltrated the soil (Ti). In NF, Bd was lower and Tp was higher than in other types of land use. The forest vegetation (NF and PP) had higher Ma and Bio volumes in the superficial layers of the soil. Water infiltration was markedly different between land use types. The NF had the highest ii, fi, and Ti values followed by PP, whereas the CLI and BR areas had drastically lower infiltration parameters with BR having the lowest values. The variables ii, fi, and Ti correlated positively with Tp, Ma, and Bio, but negatively with Bd.

LAND USE TYPES AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICTS: A CASE STUDY IN HUONG VINH COMMUNE, HUONG TRA TOWN, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Đức
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Total N ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total P

This research carried out in Huong Vinh commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province aimed to identify types of land use and soil characteristics. Results showed that five crops are found in Huong Vinh commune including rice, peanut, sweet potato, cassava and vegetable. There are two major soil orders with four soil suborders classified by FAO in Huong Vinh commune including Fluvisols (Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols) and Arenosols (Haplic Arenosols). The results from soil analysis showed that three soil suborders including Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols belonging to Fluvisols were clay loam in texture, low pH, low in OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O. Meanwhile, the Haplic Arenosols was loamy sand in texture, poor capacity to hold OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O

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