scholarly journals Potential Involvement of Salmonella Infection in Autoimmunity

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Ktsoyan ◽  
Lyudmila Budaghyan ◽  
Marina Agababova ◽  
Armine Mnatsakanyan ◽  
Karine Arakelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

In this work, we investigated the potential effects of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection on autoantibody (AA) formation. The titer and profiles of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with acute salmonellosis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) or Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) infection, as well as in convalescent patients, were determined with indirect immunofluorescence. A significant increase of autoantibodies in acute diseases caused by both serotypes of Salmonella and during post infection by S. Enteritidis was detected. Antibody profile analysis by multivariate statistics revealed that this increase was non-specific and was not dependent on the infectious agent or disease stage. The results obtained suggest that nontyphoidal Salmonella infection contributes to the generation of autoantibodies and may play a role in autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Impacts of Phenolics on Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez ◽  
Paulina Bravo ◽  
Nana-Frekua Kennedy ◽  
Mayur Krishna ◽  
Syed Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alternative Antimicrobials

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an increasing antibiotic resistance pattern, which requires the development of novel antimicrobials capable of controlling ST. Polyphenolic compounds found in plant extracts are strong candidates as alternative antimicrobials, particularly phenolic acids such as gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA) and vanillic acid (VA). This study evaluates the effectiveness of these compounds in inhibiting ST growth while determining changes to the outer membrane through fluorescent dye uptake and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to measuring alterations to virulence genes with qRT-PCR. Results showed antimicrobial potential for all compounds, significantly inhibiting the detectable growth of ST. Fluorescent spectrophotometry and microscopy detected an increase in relative fluorescent intensity (RFI) and red-colored bacteria over time, suggesting membrane permeabilization. SEM revealed severe morphological defects at the polar ends of bacteria treated with GA and PA, while VA-treated bacteria were found to be mid-division. Relative gene expression showed significant downregulation in master regulator hilA and invH after GA and PA treatments, while fliC was upregulated in VA. Results suggest that GA, PA and VA have antimicrobial potential that warrants further research into their mechanism of action and the interactions that lead to ST death.

scholarly journals Persistent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Induces Protease Expression During Intestinal Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Ehrhardt ◽  
Natalie Steck ◽  
Reinhild Kappelhoff ◽  
Stephanie Stein ◽  
Florian Rieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Fibrotic Tissue ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Protease Expression

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn’s disease characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and formation of scar tissue. Although many factors including cytokines and proteases contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis, the initiating mechanisms and the complex interplay between these factors remain unclear.MethodsChronic infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was used to induce intestinal fibrosis. A murine protease-specific CLIP-CHIP microarray analysis was employed to assess regulation of proteases and protease inhibitors. To confirm up- or downregulation during fibrosis, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical stainings in mouse tissue and tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro infections were used to demonstrate a direct effect of bacterial infection in the regulation of proteases.ResultsMice develop severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis upon chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, mimicking the pathology of human disease. Microarray analyses revealed 56 up- and 40 downregulated proteases and protease inhibitors in fibrotic cecal tissue. Various matrix metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and protease inhibitors were regulated in the fibrotic tissue, 22 of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteases demonstrated site-specific staining patterns in intestinal fibrotic tissue from mice and in tissue from human inflammatory bowel disease patients. Finally, we show in vitro that Salmonella infection directly induces protease expression in macrophages and epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts.ConclusionsIn summary, we show that chronic Salmonella infection regulates proteases and protease inhibitors during tissue fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and therefore this model is well suited to investigating the role of proteases in intestinal fibrosis.

MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST34 carrying mcr-1 isolated from cases of bloodstream and intestinal infection in children in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixia Luo ◽  
Fen Wan ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Beiwen Zheng ◽  
Yunbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes ◽  
Tn7 Transposition

Abstract Objectives Children are vulnerable to Salmonella infection due to their immature immune system. Cases of infection with mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella in child inpatients have not been reported in China before. Methods Salmonella isolates from gastroenteritis and bacteraemia were screened using primers targeting mcr-1. Complete genome sequences of mcr-1-harbouring isolates were determined using the PacBio RS II platform. The transferability of mcr-1-harbouring plasmids was verified by conjugation. Results We investigated two mcr-1-carrying polymyxin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST34 isolates, S61394 and S44712, from bloodstream and intestinal Salmonella infection of two child inpatients, respectively. Both isolates were non-susceptible to commonly used antibiotics for children that compromised the success of clinical treatment and infection control. The mcr-1-harbouring plasmids pLS61394-MCR and pLS44712-MCR (from S61394 and S44712, respectively) were both conjugative pHNSHP45-2-like IncHI2-type epidemic plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes. Compared with pHNSHP45-2, a ∼33 kb insertion region encoding Tn7 transposition protein and heavy metal resistance proteins was identified in pLS61394-MCR, which might enhance adaptation of bacteria carrying this plasmid to various ecological niches. The phylogenetic tree of worldwide mcr-harbouring Salmonella indicated a host preference of mcr and a worldwide and cross-sectoral prevalence of the mcr-positive Salmonella ST34 clone. Conclusions To our knowledge, for the first time we report completed whole genomes of mcr-1-positive MDR Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 isolated from infected children in China, suggesting that improved surveillance is imperative for tackling the dissemination of mcr-harbouring MDR Salmonella Typhimurium ST34.

Anti-salmonellosis agent for foodborne illness from Mangifera odorata (kuini) extracts

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
H. Adnan ◽  
N. Ismail ◽  
H. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Mat-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Fractionation Method ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Salmonellosis infection caused by Salmonella bacteria is a public endemic problem in Malaysia with long-term morbidity and mortality effects. Thus, this study aimed to explore the antipathogenic activity of natural extracts from Mangifera odorata against two Salmonella species causing Salmonellosis. The extracts were derived from peel, flesh, and kernel seed of M. odorata. The inhibition performance of the extracts against both Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis bacteria were subsequently tested by using a bioassay-guided fractionation method. Results showed that the extracts derived from the kernel seed had the highest inhibition percentage of 83-90% against the Salmonellosis infection, followed by the peel with an inhibition of 61-67%, and lastly the flesh with an inhibition of 53-69%. The inhibition activities of hexane extracted flesh (FCH), methanol extracted peel (PCM), and methanol treated kernel seed (KTM) against S. enterica ser. Typhimurium bacteria were 59, 67 and 83%, respectively. Furthermore, the S. enterica ser. Enteritidis bacteria were found to be highly susceptible against the methanol extracted kernel seed (KCM), followed by the hexane extracted peel (PCH) and flesh (FTH) with the inhibition percentage of 90, 69 and 59%, respectively. The highly active anti-Salmonellosis performance of M. odorata extracts was attributed to its intrinsically high total phenolics content at 8-10 g GAE/g extract, high ferric reducing antioxidant power value (FRAP) at 18-22 g Fe2+/g extract and excellent scavenging activity with the inhibition performance ranges between 86% and 90%. This study revealed the antipathogenic activity of methanol extracts of M. odorata kernel seed inhibited the growth of both S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis bacteria. This study also discovered the prophylactic property of natural compounds in M. odorata kernel seed extracts and could be used as an anti-Salmonellosis agent. In the near future, M. odorata can be developed as an innovative functional food source for specific groups that are vulnerable to Salmonellosis

scholarly journals Sensitivity of enrichment-PCR method for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis analysis in chicken carcasses

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
H.A. Wulan ◽  
Nurjanah S. ◽  
W.P. Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Pcr Method

Salmonella spp. is Gram negative-pathogenic bacteria that usually found as a contaminant in chicken carcasses. This study was aimed to increase the sensitivity of PCR enrichment step and apply the enrichment-PCR combination to detect Salmonella in chicken carcasses. In this study were used Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with the target genes were invA, STM4497, and respectively. A total of 25 g of the chicken carcasses were artificially contaminated by approximately 0.96 and 3.33 MPN/mL for each serovar separately. Samples were incubated in pre-enrichment and enrichment media for 8 hrs prior to the DNA extraction. The pre-enrichment and enrichment media was Buffered Peptone Water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis-soya. The result showed that the target genes of S. enterica ser. Hadar, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis were detected in chicken carcasses, indicated by the presence of DNA band with the size was 429 bp, 311 bp and 135 bp respectively. These result in line with analysis using ISO method and BLAST-comparison analysis of DNA amplicon sequences with GenBank references. Application of this method for Salmonella detection in chicken carcasses sold in the traditional market showed a higher prevalence than the previous result without enrichment. All samples (n = 100) from unsanitary practice sellers were positively contaminated by Salmonella spp. and also high prevalence for S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. It can be concluded that enrichment is an important step to increase the sensitivity detection of PCR method.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates from river and dam water, irrigated vegetables, livestock, and poultry manures in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-819
Author(s):  
Yaser H. Tarazi ◽  
Abdallah F. Al Dwekat ◽  
Zuhair Bani Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Zarqa River

Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is an important food-borne and zoonotic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. The objectives of this study were to isolate, serotype, and genetically characterize Salmonella spp. from Zarqa river and King Talal dam waters, vegetables irrigated by such waters, and manure of poultry and livestock farms located in the Zarqa river basin in Jordan. In addition, certain virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella strains were determined. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 samples were cultured using routine microbiological methods. Suspected Salmonella spp. were identified based on colony morphology and confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. Virulence genes including invA, stn, and pCT plasmid were detected using multiplex PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: In total, 32/250 (12.8%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered from different sources. Of these, the most common serotype was Salmonella subspecies 1 (23 isolates), followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (4 isolates), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (3 isolates), and finally Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (2 isolates). The PFGE indicated that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from poultry manure and from parsley were closely related (84.6%). Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from the dam water was closely related to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from spearmint (73.8%). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from the river and dam water were 100% related to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from lettuce. In the antimicrobial sensitivity test, 14 out of 32 (43.8%) isolated Salmonella strains were resistant to two or more of the major antimicrobial agent groups. However, the majority of isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin (97%, 93.8%, and 87.5%, 84.4%, respectively). All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate a serious potential threat to public health associated with consuming leafy green vegetables grown on the banks of Zarqa river and its dam because of widespread Salmonella spp. contamination. Appropriate monitoring of irrigation water must be applied to reduce the possibility of cross-contamination.

Three Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis bacteriophages from the Siphoviridae family are promising candidates for phage therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibao Chen ◽  
Erchao Sun ◽  
Jiaoyang Song ◽  
Yigang Tong ◽  
Bin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Significant Health

Salmonella is a common and widely distributed foodborne pathogen that is frequently implicated in gastrointestinal infections. The emergence and spread of Salmonella strains resistant to multiple antibiotics poses a significant health threat, highlighting the urgent need for early and effective therapeutic strategies. We isolated a total of 32 phages from water samples and anal swabs from pigs. Of these, three phages that produced large, clear plaques were selected for further study using the following methods: electron microscopy, analysis of the life cycle parameters, genetic analysis, inhibition of bacterial growth, and activity against biofilms. The three Salmonella phages (vB_SenS_CSP01, vB_SenS_PHB06, and vB_SenS_PHB07) were assigned to the family Siphoviridae on the basis of their morphology. All showed polyvalent infectivity, and individual phages or phage cocktails could inhibit the growth of host Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains or reduce biofilm formation by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In summary, these three phages merit further research as biocontrol agents for Salmonella infection.

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