scholarly journals Uropathogens Preferrentially Interact with Conditioning Film Components on the Surface of Indwelling Ureteral Stents Rather than Stent Material

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Kymora B Scotland ◽  
Sonia HY Kung ◽  
Ben H Chew ◽  
Dirk Lange
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Ureteral Stents ◽  
Conditioning Film ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stent Material ◽  
Stent Surface

Despite routine implementation in urology, indwelling ureteral stents pose as a nidus for infection. Conditioning film accumulates on stents, which prime pathogen adhesion, promoting infectious biofilm formation. However, the extent to which conditioning film components play a role in facilitating bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the interaction of previously identified stent-bound conditioning film components (fibrinogen, uromodulin, and albumin) with bacterial uropathogens. Cytoscopically removed stents were incubated with common uropathogens (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus). Immunofluorescent double staining was performed to study the localization of uropathogens relative to stent-bound conditioning film proteins. Conditioning film components were identified on the external stent surface with some deposition in the inner lumen. Bacteria co-localized with fibrinogen, uromodulin, and albumin, suggesting a potential mechanism for stent-associated infections. Here, we determine strong co-localization between common uropathogenic bacterial species with prominent conditioning film components on ureteral stents. Further functional validation of interactions amongst these uropathogens and conditioning film proteins may enhance clinical management for stent-associated infections and development of improved stent technologies.

scholarly journals Bond Strengthening in Oral Bacterial Adhesion to Salivary Conditioning Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 5511-5515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henny C. van der Mei ◽  
Minie Rustema-Abbing ◽  
Joop de Vries ◽  
Henk J. Busscher
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Interactions ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Conditioning Film ◽  
Interacting Surfaces ◽  
Conditioning Films

ABSTRACT Transition from reversible to irreversible bacterial adhesion is a highly relevant but poorly understood step in initial biofilm formation. We hypothesize that in oral biofilm formation, irreversible adhesion is caused by bond strengthening due to specific bacterial interactions with salivary conditioning films. Here, we compared the initial adhesion of six oral bacterial strains to salivary conditioning films with their adhesion to a bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating and related their adhesion to the strengthening of the binding forces measured with bacteria-coated atomic force microscopy cantilevers. All strains adhered in higher numbers to salivary conditioning films than to BSA coatings, and specific bacterial interactions with salivary conditioning films were accompanied by stronger initial adhesion forces. Bond strengthening occurred on a time scale of several tens of seconds and was slower for actinomyces than for streptococci. Nonspecific interactions between bacteria and BSA coatings strengthened twofold faster than their specific interactions with salivary conditioning films, likely because specific interactions require a closer approach of interacting surfaces with the removal of interfacial water and a more extensive rearrangement of surface structures. After bond strengthening, bacterial adhesion forces with a salivary conditioning film remained stronger than those with BSA coatings.

scholarly journals An In-Vitro Evaluation of Microbial Adhesion on Different Types of Orthodontic Brackets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedant Patni ◽  
Kuldeep Dmello ◽  
Jitesh Wadhwa ◽  
Mora Sathi Rami Reddy ◽  
Atul Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Ceramic Brackets

Introduction: Information regarding the adhesion of bacterial species and plaque accumulation to bracket material is limited. Adequate information is needed in order to offer patients orthodontic treatment without significantly increasing their risk of developing white spots, caries, or gingival inflammation. Aim: To determine the levels of the caries-inducing S. mutans species on metallic, self-ligating and ceramic brackets and to compare the total bacterial counts and counts of species present on these bracket materials. Materials and Methods: By means of an in-vitro study, six commercially available bracket systems {3M Gemini (A), American Ortho (B), Ormco (C), Begg (D), Ceramic (E) and Self-ligating (F)} were compared. The brackets were bonded in the cell well culture plate and the agar plates were prepared. Brain heart infusion medium including bacteria and artificial saliva was introduced to each bracket system containing 10 premolar brackets and were incubated. After 72 hours, the adherent bacteria were then detached by sonication and the Colony-Forming Units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans were calculated on each bracket and were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0 for Windows. Results: Between the different bracket types, significant differences were found in terms of biofilm formation. The Begg brackets showed the least bacterial adhesion and the self-ligating brackets showed the highest bacterial adhesion and was statistically significant among all the groups (p<0.05). Ceramic brackets also showed a higher bacterial adhesion after the self-ligating brackets. Among the three groups of metallic brackets, 3M brackets showed the least bacterial adhesion but was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Different orthodontic brackets serve as different loci for biofilm formation showing that the Begg brackets are the most hygienic among all the brackets taken in this study.

UP-03.062 Identification of Conditioning Film Components on Indwelling Ureteral Stents and their Role in Bacterial Adhesion

Urology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. S363
Author(s):  
D. Lange ◽  
C. Elwood ◽  
A. Crowe ◽  
R. Miyaoka ◽  
H. Adomat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Ureteral Stents ◽  
Conditioning Film

1446 IDENTIFICATION OF CONDITIONING FILM COMPONENTS ON INDWELLING URETERAL STENTS AND THEIR ROLE IN BACTERIAL ADHESION

2010 ◽  
Vol 183 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Lange ◽  
Chelsea N. Elwood ◽  
Adam Crowe ◽  
Ricardo Miyaoka ◽  
Manoj Monga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Ureteral Stents ◽  
Conditioning Film

Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Mujawdiya ◽  
Suman Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbes

: Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. : The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. : Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Evolution of Chi motifs in Proteobacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Buton ◽  
Louis-Marie Bobay
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Motif ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract Homologous recombination is a key pathway found in nearly all bacterial taxa. The recombination complex allows bacteria to repair DNA double strand breaks but also promotes adaption through the exchange of DNA between cells. In Proteobacteria, this process is mediated by the RecBCD complex, which relies on the recognition of a DNA motif named Chi to initiate recombination. The Chi motif has been characterized in Escherichia coli and analogous sequences have been found in several other species from diverse families, suggesting that this mode of action is widespread across bacteria. However, the sequences of Chi-like motifs are known for only five bacterial species: E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study we detected putative Chi motifs in a large dataset of Proteobacteria and we identified four additional motifs sharing high sequence similarity and similar properties to the Chi motif of E. coli in 85 species of Proteobacteria. Most Chi motifs were detected in Enterobacteriaceae and this motif appears well conserved in this family. However, we did not detect Chi motifs for the majority of Proteobacteria, suggesting that different motifs are used in these species. Altogether these results substantially expand our knowledge on the evolution of Chi motifs and on the recombination process in bacteria.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Thermal Sensor System for Quantifying the Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Tobias Wieland ◽  
Julia Assmann ◽  
Astrid Bethe ◽  
Christian Fidelak ◽  
Helena Gmoser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thermal Sensor ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Static Conditions

The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic bacteria is a global threat to human and veterinary medicine. Beyond antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) might be an alternative to inhibit the growth of bacteria, including AMR pathogens, on different surfaces. Biofilm formation, which starts out as bacterial adhesion, poses additional challenges for antibiotics targeting bacterial cells. The objective of this study was to establish a real-time method for the monitoring of the inhibition of (a) bacterial adhesion to a defined substrate and (b) biofilm formation by AMPs using an innovative thermal sensor. We provide evidence that the thermal sensor enables continuous monitoring of the effect of two potent AMPs, protamine and OH-CATH-30, on surface colonization of bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The bacteria were grown under static conditions on the surface of the sensor membrane, on which temperature oscillations generated by a heater structure were detected by an amorphous germanium thermistor. Bacterial adhesion, which was confirmed by white light interferometry, caused a detectable amplitude change and phase shift. To our knowledge, the thermal measurement system has never been used to assess the effect of AMPs on bacterial adhesion in real time before. The system could be used to screen and evaluate bacterial adhesion inhibition of both known and novel AMPs.

Archaeal biofilms: widespread and complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Fröls
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Archaeal Species ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mixed Communities

Biofilms or multicellular structures become accepted as the dominant microbial lifestyle in Nature, but in the past they were only studied extensively in bacteria. Investigations on archaeal monospecies cultures have shown that many archaeal species are able to adhere on biotic and abiotic surfaces and form complex biofilm structures. Biofilm-forming archaea were identified in a broad range of extreme and moderate environments. Natural biofilms observed are mostly mixed communities composed of archaeal and bacterial species of various abundances. The physiological functions of the archaea identified in such mixed communities suggest a significant impact on the biochemical cycles maintaining the flow and recycling of the nutrients on earth. Therefore it is of high interest to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms underlying the archaeal biofilm formation. In the present review, I summarize and discuss the present investigations of biofilm-forming archaeal species, i.e. their diverse biofilm architectures in monospecies or mixed communities, the identified EPSs (extracellular polymeric substances), archaeal structures mediating surface adhesion or cell–cell connections, and the response to physical and chemical stressors implying that archaeal biofilm formation is an adaptive reaction to changing environmental conditions. A first insight into the molecular differentiation of cells within archaeal biofilms is given.

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