scholarly journals Characteristics of Nonstatic Quantum Light Waves: The Principle for Wave Expansion and Collapse

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jeong Ryeol Choi
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Electromagnetic Parameters ◽  
Fock States ◽  
Wave Expansion ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Periodical Change

Nonstatic quantum light waves arise in time-varying media in general. However, from a recent report, it turned out that nonstatic waves can also appear in a static environment where the electromagnetic parameters of the medium do not vary in time. Such waves in Fock states exhibit a belly and a node in turn periodically in the graphic of their evolution. This is due to the wave expansion and collapse in quadrature space, which manifest a unique nonstaticity of the wave. The principle for wave expansion and collapse is elucidated from rigorous analyses for the basic nonstatic waves which are dissipative and amplifying ones. The outcome of wave nonstaticity can be interpreted in terms of the coefficient of the quadratic exponent in the exponential function appearing in the wave eigenfunction; if the imaginary part of the coefficient is positive, the wave expands, whereas the wave collapses when it is negative. Using this principle, we further analyze novel nonstatic properties of light waves which exhibit complicated time behaviors, i.e., for the case that the waves not only undergo the periodical change of nodes and bellies but their envelopes exhibit gradual dissipation/expansion as well.

scholarly journals Principles of constructing gyroscopes based on photonic crystal (band-gap) fibers

Radiotekhnika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Al-Sudani Haider Ali Muse
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Optical Gyroscope ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Optical Circuit ◽  
Thermal Polarization ◽  
The Waves

The gyroscope is a device that makes it possible to measure the change in the orientation angles associated rotation of the body relative to an inertial coordinate system. Photonic crystal fiber gyroscopes are a kind of optical gyroscopes that offer many new features beyond that conventional fiber optic gyroscopes can offer. In any case, the properties of the optical fiber can play a large role in determining the characteristics of the gyroscope. The principle of operation of most optical gyroscopes is based on the Sagnac effect or the Sagnac interferometer, the essence of which is as follows. If two light waves propagate in a closed optical circuit in opposite directions, then in the case of an immovable circuit, the phase incursions of both waves that have passed the entire circuit in opposite directions will be the same. When the contour rotates around an axis normal to the contour plane, the phase incursions of the waves become unequal, and their difference in the general case will be proportional to the angular velocity of the contour rotation, the area covered by the contour, and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave (EMW). Since the area and frequency of the EMW remain unchanged during the operation of the gyroscope, the phase shift will be proportional only to the angular velocity. The use of photonic crystal fiber to increase the sensitivity is very promising; it significantly reduces the drift through thermal polarization, resistance, and the Kerr effect. This article suggests the use of photonic-crystal (hollow-core) fiber in optical gyroscope instead of conventional fibers.

Multimode Resonators with a Small Fresnel Number (Lowest-Order Eigenmodes)

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut K. V. Lotsch
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
General Type ◽  
Wave Type ◽  
Fresnel Number ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Diffracted Waves ◽  
Resonator System ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Confocal Resonator

The Fabry-Pèrot Interferometer, the confocal and the spherical resonator systems are investigated. The lowest-order traveling-wave type eigenmodes are calculated. Numerical values for the diffraction losses are given. The smallest diffraction losses are obtained for the general-type eigenmode of a confocal resonator system. The eigenfunctions of an open-walled resonator show a point of inflection as their characteristic feature. They are complex if the Fresnel Number is finite. When calculate over appropriate surfaces, their imaginary part, in the region close to the axis, decreases as F increases. In that region the waves resonate between the reflectors. Towards the rim of the system the imaginary part increases rapidly as do the diffracted waves associated with the imaginary part.

Two-sensor microtremor SPAC method: potential utility of imaginary spectrum components

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Coefficient Estimates ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Seismic Arrays ◽  
Site Field ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Array Axis

Summary We build a model of discretization errors, known as directional aliasing, to theoretically evaluate how biases in the microtremor spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) coefficient, or the real part of the SPAC spectrum of microtremor analysis, are related to the magnitudes of the imaginary part when a seismic array of only two sensors is used. By using this model, we investigate the potential utility of the imaginary spectrum component as an indicator of applicability of the two-sensor SPAC method to the field of microtremors generated at an observation site. Field data of microtremors from compact seismic arrays (1–15 m) are used to test the model. It is found that, when the imaginary components are very large in magnitude (where the threshold depends on the rk, the array radius times the wavenumber), the field of microtremors is dominated by waves arriving from a single direction parallel to the array axis and the SPAC coefficients tend to be underestimated in small rk ranges (i.e. rk < 3.8; the range considered throughout this study). In the present study, which is based on the observations of 400 microtremor arrays, the underestimates seldom exceeded 30 per cent. The SPAC coefficient estimates could be corrected in that case by using information on the imaginary part. When the imaginary components are very modest in magnitude, by contrast, there are two possible scenarios: either (i) the waves are arriving predominantly from a single direction perpendicular to the array axis and the SPAC coefficients are wildly overestimated (i.e. there was a small percentage of low-quality data, with relative errors exceeding +50 per cent, based on the observed data analyses), or (ii) the wavefield is close to isotropic and the SPAC coefficients are unbiased (i.e. 70–90 per cent of all observed data fell within the relative error range of ±20 per cent). It is difficult in that case to have SPAC coefficient estimates corrected by using information on the imaginary part alone.

Design of Measurement and Detection Devices of Curvature Through the Synergic Integral Operators of the Mechanics on Light Waves

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Bulnes Aguirre ◽  
Eduardo Herna´ndez Alvarez ◽  
M. C. Juan Carlos Maya Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Integral Operators ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Electromagnetic Device ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Curvature And Torsion ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Universe

Of a theory of integrals for the determination of observables of fields and particles in mathematics and mechanics [1–3], and applying a generalization of the principle from the minimum action to an entire field of objects to obtain a combined action of all the useful movement trajectories in the evaluation of an observable through synergic integral operators, [1, 4], it is designed and it develops an electromagnetic device to measure the curvature of objects using the values of these integrals on geodesic and movement trajectories generated by the field and the deviations of the waves generated by the device. The most concrete case is the obtaining of a device that measures the curvature through waves of light and its reflections with tomography on the surfaces of bodies. As future addresses of this investigation it is wanted to use this device to measure curvature and torsion of the universe, as well as to detect fields, particles and regions of the susceptible space-time for the interstellar trips.

Quantum motion, coherent states and geometric phase of a generalized damped pendulum

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150087
Author(s):  
I. A. Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Coherent States ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Fock States ◽  
Berry Phases ◽  
Quantum Motion ◽  
Varying Mass ◽  
Invariant Approach

In this work, we analyze the quantum dynamics of a generalized pendulum with a time-varying mass increasing exponentially and constant gravitation. By using Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant approach and Fock states, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for this system and write its solutions in terms of solutions of the Milne–Pinney equation. We also construct coherent states for the quantized pendulum and use both Fock and coherent states to investigate some important physical proprieties of the quantized pendulum such as eigenvalues of the angular displacement and momentum, their quantum variances as well as the respective uncertainty principle. Finally, we derive the geometric, dynamical and Berry phases for the time-dependent generalized pendulum.

The Electromagnetic Parameters' Impact of λ/4 Type Dielectric Absorber on Absorbing Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 3593-3596
Author(s):  
Hui Chao Zhao ◽  
Wan Jun Hao ◽  
Ying Ying Yi ◽  
Yi Feng Dong ◽  
Xin Dan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary Part ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Maximum Absorption ◽  
Electromagnetic Parameters ◽  
The Real

This paper studies electromagnetic parameters' impact of λ/4 type dielectric absorber on absorbing properties. Calculation shows that the maximum absorption amount is corresponding to specific values of K and R when absorber's permittivity is stable, when the thickness of material is determined and the real part permittivity is increased, the absorption peaks move to lower frequency and reduce the distance between adjacent peaks, while the imaginary part of permittivity and resistance of membrane resistance only affect absorption peaks' amount but have no effect on the peaks' position. Accordingly, it is reasonable to adjust the material's electromagnetic parameters according to the above rule when the high-performance λ/4 dielectric-type absorber is prepared.

scholarly journals 11.10. The propagation of fast magnetoacoustic waves near a rotating black hole

1998 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
Junya Abe ◽  
Masayoshi Yokosawa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Magnetoacoustic Wave ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Magnetoacoustic Waves ◽  
Penrose Process ◽  
The Waves

We belive that Active Galactic Nucleis(AGNs) have one or a few black holes in the center and get the activity from the binding energy of the matter falling into the black hole or(and) the rotational energy of the black hole. Since the sources of their energy exist near the black hole, the energy have to be carried from the vincity of black hole to a distance by some ways. As one of the way, we study the propagation of the waves (ex. The case of the light waves, Hanni 1977, and of sound wave, Takahashi et al. 1990). We investigated the propagation of fast magnetoacoustic wave. We belive the collimation of jet are caused by magnetic field. Further more, we think that the waves can extract the rotational energy of the black hole. This process is the version of wave of Penrose process(Penrose 1968), and is called the super radiant scattering.

scholarly journals Mode coupling in space- and time-varying anisotropic absorbing plasmas

1997 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sh. SABZEVARI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mode Coupling ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Wave Modes

A four-dimensional systematic mathematical approach for investigating propagation and coupling of wave modes in a slowly varying (in all space directions and time) anisotropic, absorbing plasma is represented. The formalism is especially useful for energy considerations of the waves. It is applicable to general cases of mode couplings in plasmas with general geometries of space–time and magnetic field configurations. A simple example of how this formalism can be applied to practical cases is given.

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