scholarly journals Structural and Biochemical Aspects Related to Resistance and Susceptibility of Rubber Tree Clones to Anthracnose

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Izabela Ponso Magalhaes ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Marques ◽  
Marcela Eloi Gomes ◽  
Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽  
Ivan Herman Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Data ◽  
Electron Microscope Data

The aim of the present study was to evaluate structural and biochemical aspects related to the interaction of resistant (RRIM 937, IAC 502 and 507) and susceptible (RRIM 600) rubber tree clones with C. tamarillo. For such analysis, ultrathin sections of the leaf limb were embedded in historesin and differently stained to verify structural alterations and presence of starch grains, arginine, lipids, tannins and lignins. The total proteins and activity of the enzymes peroxidase and (PAL) were quantified. Stomatal density was also analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. Data indicated alterations in the cell content of resistant clones inoculated with the pathogen, as well as greater lignin and lipid accumulation in these samples. For tannins, there was no difference between inoculated and non-inoculated clones. Arginine was found at greater quantities in IAC 502 and 507. Starch grains were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. Protein level and stomatal density were lower in resistant clones. Peroxidase activity was more expressive in resistant clones. PAL activity, there was no significant difference between clones. The lignin and lipids, total protein, peroxidase activity and stomatal density may be related to the resistance of rubber tree clones to anthracnose.

scholarly journals Ozone Response of Leaf Physiological and Stomatal Characteristics in Brassica juncea L. at Supraoptimal Temperatures

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Jong Kyu Lee ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Sang Hee Park ◽  
Han Dong Kim ◽  
Yea Ji Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Target Concentration ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Supraoptimal Temperatures

Plants are affected by the features of their surrounding environment, such as climate change and air pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. In particular, agricultural production is highly sensitive to environmental characteristics. Since no environmental factor is independent, the interactive effects of these factors on plants are essential for agricultural production. In this context, the interactive effects of ozone (O3) and supraoptimal temperatures remain unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological and stomatal characteristics of leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the presence of charcoal-filtered (target concentration, 10 ppb) and elevated (target concentration, 120 ppb) O3 concentrations and/or optimal (22/20 °C day/night) and supraoptimal temperatures (27/25 °C). Regarding physiological characteristics, the maximum rate of electron transport and triose phosphate use significantly decreased in the presence of elevated O3 at a supraoptimal temperature (OT conditions) compared with those in the presence of elevated O3 at an optimal temperature (O conditions). Total chlorophyll content was also significantly affected by supraoptimal temperature and elevated O3. The chlorophyll a/b ratio significantly reduced under OT conditions compared to C condition at 7 days after the beginning of exposure (DAE). Regarding stomatal characteristics, there was no significant difference in stomatal pore area between O and OT conditions, but stomatal density under OT conditions was significantly increased compared with that under O conditions. At 14 DAE, the levels of superoxide (O2-), which is a reactive oxygen species, were significantly increased under OT conditions compared with those under O conditions. Furthermore, leaf weight was significantly reduced under OT conditions compared with that under O conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that temperature is a key driver of the O3 response of B. juncea via changes in leaf physiological and stomatal characteristics.

scholarly journals Difference between emergent aquatic and terrestrial monocotyledonous herbs in relation to the coordination of leaf stomata with vein traits

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanli Zhao ◽  
Peili Fu ◽  
Guolan Liu ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Major Vein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
Stomatal Length

Abstract Emergent aquatic plants mostly occur in shallow waters and root in bottom substrates, but their leaves emerge from the water surface and are thus exposed to air, similar to the leaves of terrestrial plants. Previous studies have found coordination between leaf water supply and demand in terrestrial plants; however, whether such a coordination exists in emergent aquatic plants remains unknown. In this study, we analysed leaf veins and stomatal characteristics of 14 emergent aquatic and 13 terrestrial monocotyledonous herb species (EMH and TMH), with 5 EMH and 8 TMH belonging to Poaceae. We found that EMH had significantly higher mean leaf area, leaf thickness, stomatal density, stomatal number per vein length and major vein diameter, but lower mean major vein length per area (VLA) and total VLA than TMH. There was no significant difference in stomatal length, minor VLA and minor vein diameter between the two groups. Stomatal density and total VLA were positively correlated among the EMH, TMH, as well as the 8 Poaceae TMH species, but this correlation became non-significant when data from both the groups were pooled. Our results showed that the differences in water supply between emergent aquatic and terrestrial plants modify the coordination of their leaf veins and stomatal traits.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES AND AMF SPORULATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF NATIVE FOREST SPECIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana de Moura Gonzaga ◽  
Sarah Santos da Silva ◽  
Silvane de Almeida Campos ◽  
Rodrigo de Paula Ferreira ◽  
André Narvaes da Rocha Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate organic substrates in the production of canafistula (Peltophorum dubium) (Spreng.) Taub, cutieira (Joannesiaprinceps Vell.), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis M. Arg.) seedlings, native trees with potential use in forest restoration programs. The design was completely randomized with 10 substrate formulations with 4 repetitions of 3 plants for the four species. The evaluated substrates consisted of soil, bovine manure (BM), poultry manure (PM), chemical fertilizer (CF) and sand, in different proportions. The experiment was concluded at the end of 180 days for canafistula, cutieira and rubber and 210 days for jatoba. At the end of these periods, the root (RDM), shoot (SDM) and total (TDM) the dry matters of the seedlings were determined. Quantification of AMF spores and normalization between samples through SPORES/RDM correction were also performed. The Scott-Knott test at 5% probability was applied. Regarding biomass production, only canafistula had significant difference among the tested substrates. In relation to sporulation, the highest values were observed in cutieira and rubber tree in substrate containing PM. The substrates composed of 40 or 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% or 40 PM for canafistula; 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% PM for cutieira; and for jatoba and rubber tree 60% soil + 20% sand + 20% PM, enabled the best results in terms of biomass production in seedlings and AMF sporulation.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical aspects of the leaves of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) under different lighting conditions / Aspectos morfológicos e anatômicos das folhas de Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) sob diferentes condições de luz

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Camilla Reis Augusto da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Léa Maria Dos Santos Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Kelly Regina Batista Leite ◽  
Lazaro Benedito da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

The basis of differentiation between sun and shade leaves is related to different light intensities. In order to understand the adaptability of the leaves of Rhizophora mangle L., associated with different lighting conditions, leaves were collected from the upper peripheral six individuals (sun leaves) and the lower region of the same internal (shade leaves). The variables analyzed leaf thickness, palisade parenchyma, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, adaxial and abaxial cuticle, stomatal density and index. Measurements were made ??on microscope equipped with ocular micrometer. Sun leaves were lower and with more xeromorphic characteristics, such as increased thickness of the cuticle and the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The palisade parenchyma and limbus showed up thicker than shade leaves, with no significant difference between the cuticle of the abaxial surface. It was also observed a higher frequency of stomata per mm², an average of 70/mm², while shade leaves showed 47/mm², with no differences between length and width. Differences between the sun leaves and shade leaves indicate adaptive capacity of this species to remain active at different light conditions.

scholarly journals Abnormal antioxidant defence in some tissues of congenitally obese mice

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I D Capel ◽  
H M Dorrell
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Significant Difference

The concentration of lipoperoxides (estimated as thiobarbituric acid-reactive material) and some components of the antioxidant defence system have been compared in various tissues of lean and congenitally obese mice. NADPH-stimulated lipoperoxide generation in vitro was significantly higher in microsomes (microsomal fractions) prepared from obese hepatic tissue than lean. Plasma, liver and brain lipoperoxide concentration was significantly higher in obese mice. In blood derived from obese mice the concentration of non-enzymic antioxidants including caeruloplasmin and vitamin A was higher, but hepatic retinol concentration was lower in these animals. In all the tissues assayed the glutathione peroxidase activity against H2O2 was less than its activity against cumene hydroperoxide. Assayed with either substrate, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the brain and blood of obese mice than their lean counterparts. Conversely, liver glutathione peroxidase was decreased in obese animals, representing 43% of the activity of the lean-mouse liver enzyme against H2O2 and 81% of the cumene hydroperoxide-reducing activity. The liver of obese mice had significantly less, and the kidneys more, oxidized glutathione than the corresponding tissues of lean mice. Further investigations on hepatic tissue indicated that glutathione reductase activity was lower in the obese animals, but there was no significant difference between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in obese and lean mice.

Targeted PCR vs NGS for molecular diagnostic in solid tumors and liquid biopsies. How to choose in real-life.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15576-e15576
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Merlin ◽  
Pauline Gilson ◽  
Marie Husson ◽  
Alexandre Harle
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Iso 15189 ◽  
Significant Difference

e15576 Background: Molecular diagnostic is now part of routine diagnosis in many solid tumors and multiple technical options are available from extensive sequencing (NGS) to fully-automated targeted PCR (FAPCR). Tumor tissue testing is the gold standard, liquid biopsy is becoming a valuable option. Methods: 417 FFPE tumors, and 28 liquid biopsies were analyzed from 233 non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 177 colorectal cancer (CRC), 35 melanoma (MEL) in an ISO 15189 certified, French NCI molecular genetics platform. FAPCR analyses were performed individually, every day, using CE-IVD kits for the exclusive analysis of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and EGFR mutations in NSCLC, CRC and MEL. NGS analyses were performed weekly as 12 or 24 sample runs using custom multiple gene panel capture sequencing. In all cases, prior to analysis, the specimens were macrodissected to warrant tumor cell content > 10% after examination of hematoxylin eosin stained slide by a pathologist. For liquid biopsy, cfDNA was extracted within 3 days from blood samples collected in cfDNA BCT tubes and analyzed using CE-IVD EGFR mutation kits. Time to results was recorded from registration of the specimen to validation of the results. Results: All FFPE tumors were analyzed using either FAPCR (N = 321) or NGS (N = 110) according to the clinician choice. Less than 2% of samples were not analyzable because of tumor cell content < 10% or degradated DNA. Median time to results was 6 days for FA-PCR (range 1-19) and 18 days for NGS (range 7-28). No significant difference was observed between NSCLC, CRC and MEL. Most cases of delay > median were related to pre-analytical defects and the need for a second specimen. For liquid biopsies, time to result was 6 days (range 1-18). The mutation rates were respectively, 13% for EGFR in NSCLC, 57% for KRAS/NRAS/BRAF in CRC and 69% for BRAF/NRAS in MEL. Using NGS led to the identification of additional molecular targetable alterations that were not analyzed by FAPCR in 44% of NSCLC, 22% of CRC and 14% of MEL. Among the 28 liquid biopsies analyzed mostly at progression under anti-EGFR TKI, EGFR mutations including T790M, were detected in 61% of the cases. Conclusions: Independently of cost-effectiveness, using PCR reduces time to results and can accelerate the initiation of targeted therapy but restricts the range of analysis, while extensive NGS delays time to results but identifies additional biomarkers that could be useful for therapeutic stratification. Using liquid biopsy testing could be an alternative and allow dynamic molecular diagnostic at 1st line and during follow-up.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium deficiency on hydroperoxide-stimulated release of glutathione from isolated perfused liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bell ◽  
J. W. Adron ◽  
C. B. Cowey
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glutathione Disulphide

1. Duplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were each given partially purified diets which were either adequate or depleted in selenium for 40 weeks.2. Although there was no significant difference in weight gain, liver Se concentration was significantly lower in fish given the deficient diet.3. Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 9) activity was significantly reduced in liver of Se-deficient fish but a differential assay did not indicate the presence of a non-Se-dependent GSH peroxidase activity, although liver GSH S-transferase (EC 2. 5. 1. 18) was significantly increased.4. Perfusion of livers from trout given Se-adequate diets with t-butyl hydroperoxide (BuOOH) or hydrogen peroxide caused an increase in the rate of release of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) into the perfusate.5. Perfusion of livers from Se-deficient trout with BuOOH or H2O2 did not result in any change in rate of release of GSSG into the perfusate.6. These findings confirm the absence of any compensatory non-Se-dependent peroxidase activity in Se-depleted trout.

Effects of phenylbutazone on thyroid iodine metabolism in vitro

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor M. Targovnik ◽  
Bernardo E. Gluzman ◽  
Aldo H. Coleoni ◽  
Hugo Niepomniszcze
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Soluble Enzyme ◽  
Iodide Transport ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Peroxidase ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Bovine Thyroid

Abstract. Several alterations of thyroid function parameters have been reported in patients treated with phenylbutazone and we have studied the effect of this drug on the intrathyroidal iodine metabolism. An inhibition of the iodide transport expressed in terms of T/M ratios was observed in bovine thyroid slices incubated with high phenylbutazone concentrations. 10−3m produced 72% inhibition whereas lower concentrations showed no significant difference as compared with controls. Iodotyrosine synthesis was affected by 10−4m and 10−5m phenylbutazone. Formation of iodothyronine synthesis was markedly affected between 10−4m and 10−7m phenylbutazone concentrations. Thyroid peroxidase activity was measured by tyrosine-iodinase, triiodide and guaiacol assays. Soluble, pseudosolubilized and crude peroxidase preparations from bovine glands, as well as the soluble enzyme from human thyroids, have shown inhibition of tyrosine-iodinase activity when incubated with phenylbutazone in concentrations ranging from 10−3m to 10−8m, with a Ki of 4 × 10−6m for bovine thyroid peroxidase and of 6 × 10−6m for human soluble peroxidase. Formation of triiodide was affected between 10−3m and 10−8m phenylbutazone concentrations. Guaiacol peroxidation was scarcely affected by the action of the drug. We have concluded that phenylbutazone affects the intrathyroidal iodine metabolism through the inhibition of thyroid peroxidase in concentrations which are usually present in the sera of patients treated with this drug.

scholarly journals Carbon Storage of some Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Clones in HEVECAM’s Plantations in South Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menoh A Ngon René ◽  
Tsoata Esaïe ◽  
Tsouga Manga Milie Lionelle ◽  
Owona Ndongo Pierre-André
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Tree

The objective of this work was to estimate the quantity of carbon stored by four main clones of rubber tree cultivated in South Cameroon: GT 1, PB 217, PR 107 and RRIC 100. The forest inventory method was used to measure trees morphological parameters, the latter used to calculate carbon storage using the allometric equation of Wauters et al., (2008). The main morphological parameters measured were: leaf area index (LAI), circumference (C), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (h). Comparing the morphological parameters of clones two by two using a Dunn test, we observe significant differences in the circumference, the diameter and even very significant in the leaf area index, but not in the height. The clones GT 1, PR 107, PB 217, and RRIC 100 stored on average: 111.05 tC / ha, 150.18 tC / ha, 165.25 tC / ha, and 187.25 tC/ha respectively. A significant difference was established between the means of carbon storage of the clones GT 1 and PB 217 (p = 0.0488) on one hand and, that of the clones GT 1 and RRIC 100 (p = 0.0240), on the other hand. These results are an estimation of models, further research can be undertaken for exact measurements.

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