scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Psychotria malayana Jack

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Tanzina Sharmin Nipun ◽  
Alfi Khatib ◽  
Qamar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir ◽  
Farahaniza Supandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Insulin Sensitizing Activity

Psychotria malayana Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, toxicity, and preliminary phytochemical screening of P. malayana leaf extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization. The antidiabetic activities of different extracts of this plant were investigated through alpha-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and 2-NBDG glucose uptake using 3T3-L1 cell line assays, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Its toxicological effect was investigated using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (Danio rerio) model. The mortality, hatchability, tail-detachment, yolk size, eye size, beat per minute (BPM), and body length were taken into account to observe the teratogenicity in all zebrafish embryos exposed to methanol extract. The LC50 was determined using probit analysis. The methanol extract showed the AGI activity (IC50 = 2.71 ± 0.11 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity (at a concentration of 5 µg/mL), and potent antioxidant activities (IC50 = 10.85 μg/mL and 72.53 mg AAE/g for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). Similarly, the water extract exhibited AGI activity (IC50 = 6.75 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity at the concentration of 10 μg/mL, and antioxidant activities (IC50 = 27.12 and 33.71 μg/mL for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). The methanol and water extracts exhibited the LC50 value higher than their therapeutic concentration, i.e., 37.50 and 252.45 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that both water and methanol extracts are safe and potentially an antidiabetic agent, but the former is preferable since its therapeutic index (LC50/therapeutic concentration) is much higher than for methanol extracts. Analysis using GC-MS on derivatized methanol and water extracts of P. malayana leaves detected partial information on some constituents including palmitic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, 1-monopalmitin, beta-tocopherol, 24-epicampesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and stigmast-5-ene, that could be a potential target to further investigate the antidiabetic properties of the plant. Nevertheless, isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds are required to confirm their antidiabetic activity and toxicity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF ALTERNANTHERA BRASILIANA (L). KUNTZE AND ALTERNANTHERA BETTZICKIANA REGEL.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Kasthuri O R ◽  
Ramesh B
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana (L). Kuntze (A. brasiliana) and Alternanthera bettzickiana regel (A. bettzickiana).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed in petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, hydroethanolic and water extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana. The level of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenolic content, tannins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, GSH, and total proteins were determined in hydroethanolic, ethanol, and water extracts. Antioxidant activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, superoxide anion scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing power assay.Results: The phytochemical screening of six different extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana revealed the presence of various phytonutrients. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites in ethanol, hydroethanolic and water extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana showed the presence of high amount of secondary metabolites in the hydroethanolic extract. In vitro, antioxidant assay of two plant extracts revealed that A. bettzickiana was more potent than A. brasiliana in scavenging free radicals.Conclusion: The different extracts from A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana and specifically the hydroethanolic extract of A. bettzickiana revealed several properties such as rich source of phytonutrients, higher free radical scavenging properties, and significant antioxidant capabilities. Therefore, the bioactive compound should be isolated in future studies and could be used as a safe and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF THE N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF GARCINIA BANCANA MIQ. (MANGGIS HUTAN) LEAVES AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY BASED ON 1,1-DIPHENYL-2- PICRYLHYDRAZYL AND FERRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT POWER ASSAYS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Dewi Kumala Putri ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Nuraini Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Objective: To assess the antioxidant activity from another part of the plant, in this study, leaf extracts in n-hexane were fractionated.Methods: Ten fractions were obtained and tested in vitro for antioxidant activity using two methods, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferricreducing antioxidant power (FRAP), to identify the most active fraction.Results: The IC50 of the most active fraction was 36.24 μg/mL using the DPPH method, and the EC50 was 39.54 μg/mL using the FRAP method. Themost active fraction was also shown to contain terpenoids.Conclusion: The most active fraction of an n-hexane extract of the leaves of Gacinia bancana Miq., which was tested by both DPPH and FRAP methodshad antioxidant activities with IC50 and EC50 values of 36.2482 μg/mL and 39.5442 μg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that activefraction contains terpenoids.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potentials of Methanol Extract of Duranta erecta Leaves

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Christopher Chidiebere Ugwu ◽  
Chioma Assumpta Anosike
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Plant extracts that have antioxidant activities show promising effect in the management of many diseases initiated by oxidative stress. The present study evaluates the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant potentials of methanol extract of Duranta erecta leaves. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, DPPH inhibition, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide determination, antioxidant vitamins and minerals composition analysis. All analyses were carried out using standard biochemical methods. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant extract showed the presence of flavonoids (24.20 ± 0.14 mg QE/g), Alkaloids (15.87 ± 1.71 mg/g), total phenol (12.73 ± 0.61 mg GAE/g), tannins (9.24 ± 0.03 mg TAE/g), terpenoids (8.90 ± 0.96 mg/g), steroids (2.65 ± 0.55 mg/g) and saponins (5.55 ± 0.76 mg/g). The in vitro antioxidant determination showed that the extract had antioxidant properties in a concentration dependent manner. The antioxidant property of the sample was compared to that of ascorbic acid (for DPPH and nitric oxide determination) and gallic acid (for FRAP) as standards. The antioxidant mineral composition of the extract revealed the presence of zinc (1.82 ± 0.03 mg/100g) and selenium (0.59 ± 0.04 mg/100g). The antioxidant vitamins composition of the extract showed moderate concentrations of vitamin C (0.35 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (0.68 ± 0.07 mg/100g). The result of this study revealed that methanol extract of Duranta erecta leaves could be a good source of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African Walnut) Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Kelly Oriakhi ◽  
Kissinger Orumwensodia ◽  
Patrick Uadia
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

Background: Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) is an African plant with ethnobotanical uses. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extract and fractions (F) [n-hexane (HEX-F), dichloromethane (DCM-F) and, ethyl acetate (EA-F)] of T. conophorum seeds. Methods: Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity study were carried out using DPPH, ABTs radical scavenging assays, nitric oxide inhibitory and reducing potential assays. Results: Methanol extract and its fractions contain phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids content were significantly higher in EA-F and crude methanol extract compared to other fractions. Crude methanol and EA-F contain higher concentrations of tannin while hexane fraction had the lowest tannin content but relatively higher proanthocyanidin content compared to other fractions. The antioxidant activity study showed that both methanol crude extract and fractions of T. conophorum seeds have significant activities for DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant potential, nitric oxide inhibitory activities, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging for. DPPH radical scavenging activities of EA-F showed the lowest IC50 of 33.11 µg/mL, followed by Hex-F, DCM-F and crude methanol extract with IC50 of 33.43, 42.09 and 45.44 µg/mL, respectively, when compared to ascorbic acid with IC50 of 17.08 µg/mL. Conclusion: The study showed that T. conophorum seed is a rich source of secondary metabolites, which may be responsible for its antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Characterization and Solvent Fraction Depending in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Cassia absus, Gymnema sylvestre, Nigella sativa and Piper nigrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Asif Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Methanol Extracts

This study was aimed to phytochemically characterize and assess the antioxidant activities of 70% methanol extract and subsequent fractions of Cassia absus (L.) seeds, Gymnema sylvestre (L.) whole plant, Nigella sativa (L.) seeds, and Piper nigrum (L.) seeds. Powdered plant materials were extracted with 70% methanol and further fractionated with ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and the residual aqueous fraction. Phytochemical analysis was performed to detect different phytocompounds. Mineral compositions were quantified, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant potential of methanol extracts and fractions was assessed in vitro through estimating DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Extraction yields ranging highest of N. sativa methanol extract (30.42�1.49%) and lowest of P. nigrum ethyl-acetate fraction (4.58�0.61%) were obtained. Results revealed that methanol extracts and fractions of selected plants contain phytocompounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, fats and fixed oils. The mineral analysis showed considerable quantities of calcium (C. absus methanol extract: 372.454�3.633 mg/100g), magnesium (G. sylvestre methanol extract: 131.045�1.346 mg/100g), and zinc (N. sativa methanol extract: 36.019�0.284 mg/100 g) in all fractions while minor quantities of manganese, copper and cobalt were also found. Methanol extracts showed considerably higher total phenolic (N. sativa methanol extract: 179.71�2.14 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (N. sativa methanol extract: 189.18�3.17 mg CE/g) contents compared to other fractions, and subsequently exhibited pronounced scavenging activities on DPPH* (N. sativa methanol extract: 23.8 �g/mL) and superoxide radicals (N. sativa methanol extract: 24.9 �g/mL) and had potent reductive abilities (N. sativa methanol extract: 1.123�0.038 O.D.). Conclusively, C. absus, G. sylvestre, N. sativa and P. nigrum possess significant nutritive properties and could be used as natural antioxidant sources to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Biological Efficacies of Fruits and Leaves of Ficus auriculata (Timilo) from Kanchanpur District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Bishan Datt Bhatt ◽  
Dharma Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

Ficus auriculata is a native Asian plant found in the temperate, tropical and subtropical regions and has been commonly used in traditional medicine and as fodder in animal husbandry. The comparative antibacterial and antioxidant efficacies of leaves and fruits have been studied using their hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Phytochemical screening exhibited the presence of important secondary metabolites like alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. Antibacterial activities of fruit and leaf extracts in different concentrations were studied against E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhi by agar well diffusion method. The highest inhibition was found to be in 1% methanol extracts of leaves and fruits with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) ± 16 mm against S. aureus followed by E. coli and S. typhi with ZOI ±14 mm. The crude and 50% extracts of various solvents of both fruits and leaves were found to be ineffective against bacteria. These results reveal that there is a significant antibacterial activity in methanol extract of both fruit and leaves, against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of fruits and leaves were studied by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The IC50 values of methanol extract of leaves and fruit for DPPH radical scavenging assay were found to be 114.84 μg/mL and 78.28 μg/mL, respectively. These results reveal that methanol fruit extract exhibits better antioxidant activity as compared to the leaves. The result of this investigation has revealed the applicability of this plant as a potential source of several bioactive compounds for the discovery of new and efficacious drugs in days to come.

scholarly journals AN IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT OF SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Mrinalini C Damle ◽  
Shivani K Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Spinacia oleracea (SO).Methods: The leaves of SO were shade dried, and the extract was prepared using solvent ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extract of the plant. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were estimated using Folin- Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant activities were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen radical, lipid peroxidation, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays.Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. As SO is a rich source of different bioactive component, it contains a considerable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The different antioxidant assays proved that spinach is one of the best antioxidants with its ability to scavenge different radicals that generate oxidative stress.Conclusion: The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components such as phenols and flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as nootropic plant in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia.

Comparative Studies on the Phytochemical Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extracts of Talium Trangulare

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Oyedotun Oyeleke ◽  
Mutiat Bamigboye ◽  
Boyede Olowookere ◽  
Kehinde Alabi ◽  
Samuel Oladele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Medicinal herbs have been known for their use as an alternative medicine in the management and treatment of different categories of diseases. The present study was designed to assess the phytochemical constituents present in methanol and ethylacetate leaves extract of Talium trangulare and its antioxidant potentials against free radicals comparatively. The functional groups of the phytochemicals were carried out using FTIR techniques while the phytochemical component of the extract was determined by standard methods. The comparative studies of antioxidant abilities of methanol and ethylacetate leaves extracts of Talium trangulare were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, scavenging activities. These different antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants compounds such as ascorbic acid and Gallic acid. The total phenolic content in ethylacetate extract is higher than what was obtained from methanol extract of Talium trangulare, however, methanol extract has higher tannins and flavonoids content. The methanol extract was found to have demonstrated high reduction capability and powerful free radical scavenging, especially against DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide as compared with the ethylacetate leaves extract. The results that was obtained in the present study clearly established the antioxidant potency of both ethylacetate and methanol leaf extracts of Talium trangulare. The methanol extract shows better antioxidant activities and more flavonoids and tannin than the ethylacetate extract. In conclusion, the methanol leaf extract of Talium trangulare has comparatively better in vitro antioxidant potentials with corresponding phytochemical content than ethylacetate extract.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extracts from Eucalyptus citriodora

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Musa Maikudi Idris ◽  
Adamu Mohammed Yelwa ◽  
Aminu Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

The genus Eucalyptus has been used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. In this work, chloroform and methanol extracts from the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora was investigated for their phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and antioxidant potentials. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, reducing sugar and steroids in the methanol extract. IR absorptions of the extract supported the presence of these phytochemicals by revealing the bands 3335 cm-1 (O-H), 1613, 1480 cm-1 (C=C) and 1721 cm-1 (C=O). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract using brine shrimp assay, suggested that, the extract was not toxic with LC50 value of 1.64 mg/mL. Antioxidant potentials of both chloroform and methanol extracts were determined using phenolic content quantification and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Methanol extract (37.32 μg TAE/mg) had higher phenolic content than the chloroform extract (12.09 μg TAE/mg). The radical scavenging potentials of the extracts recorded inhibitory activities of IC50 values of 892.7 μg/mL (chloroform extract) and 8.3 μg/mL (methanol extracts) relative to the positive control values of 31.1 μg/mL (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 3.5 μg/mL (ascorbic acid). These results showed that E. citriodora might contain promising antioxidant agents.

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