scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of the Root Bark Extract and Isolated Chemical Constituents of Zanthoxylum paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Magrate M. Kaigongi ◽  
Catherine W. Lukhoba ◽  
Souaibou Yaouba ◽  
Nokwanda P. Makunga ◽  
Joseph Githiomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities

Zanthoxylum paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae) is an endemic Kenyan and Tanzanian plant used in folk medicine by local populations. Although other Zanthoxylum species have been studied, only Z. paracantum stem extracts have been profiled, even though the roots are also used as herbal remedies. As root extracts may be another source of pharmaceutical compounds, the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) root bark extract was studied in this report. Eight root bark compounds were isolated and their structural identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (using COSY, HSQC, NOESY and HMBC) analyses. The structural identities were determined as follows: the fatty acid—myristic acid (1); the sterol—stigmasterol (2); the lignan—sesamin (3); two β-carboline alkaloids—10-methoxycanthin-6-one (6) and canthin-6-one (7); and three phenanthridine alkaloids—8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (4), arnottianamide (5) and 8-oxochelerythrine (8). Some of these compounds were identified in the species for the first time. These compounds and the extract were then tested in vitro against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) before tests for antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer (HCC 1395), human prostate cancer (DU 145) and normal (Vero E6) cell lines were conducted. Minimum inhibition concentration values of 3.91, 1.95, 0.98 and 7.81 µg/mL against MRSA, S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively, were recorded. Among the isolates, canthin-6-one was the most active, followed by 10-methoxycanthin-6-one. The root extract and some of the compounds also had antiproliferative activity against the HCC 1395 cell line. Stigmasterol and canthin-6-one had IC50 values of 7.2 and 0.42. The root bark extract also showed activity, at 8.12 µg/mL, against the HCC 1395 cells. Out of the chemical isolates, 10-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one showed the strongest inhibition of the DU 145 cells. The root extract had significant antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities, supporting the traditional use of this plant in treating microbial infections and cancer-related ailments.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
B.T Yunana ◽  
◽  
B. B Bukar ◽  
J. C Aguiyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance

In vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root bark extract of Alafia barteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ikeoluwapo Olanike Kolawole ◽  
◽  
Osareti Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽  
Esther Ayomide Awoyera ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Alafia barteri (Apocynaceae) is a climbing shrub having white or pink flowers. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diseases like malaria, sickle cell anemia, and eye infections. This research is focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extract of Alafia barteri plant in vitro. In-vitro antioxidant methods used were 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay while the anti-arthritic activity was studied using the assay method of protein denaturation. Results revealed that aqueous and ethanol root extracts scavenge free radicals, thus inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress in arthritis while the ethanol extracts of both the leaf and roots had good anti-arthritic activities as seen in its ability to decrease protein denaturation.

scholarly journals Uji efek antibakteri ekstrak batang akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angga Dehes Kaharap ◽  
Christy Mambo ◽  
Edward Nangoy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Modified Technique

Abstract: Indonesia has a high diversity of flora and fauna in the world. Many types of plants can be used as a medicinal plant; one of them is yellow root (Arcengelisia flava Merr.) which has been known empirically by the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan as natural herbs to treat jaundice. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the yellow root bark extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Pharmacology and the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi. This was an experimental laboratory study using the Kirby-Bauer modified technique. Yellow root bark extract was obtained from maceration process using ethanol 96%. The antibacterial effect was tested by using the well diffusion method. The results showed that distilled water, the negative control, did not generate inhibition zone around the wells. Ciprofloxacin, the positive control, had the greatest diameter of inhibitory zone. The average diameter of inhibition zone generated by ciprofloxacin was 39.23 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 40.95 mm against Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, yellow root extract generated an average diameter inhibition zone of 12.27 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 14.44 mm against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Yellow root bark extract potentially had antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keywords: antibacterial, yellow root bark, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki keberagaman flora dan fauna yang tinggi di dunia. Banyak jenis tanaman yang dapat dijadikan sebagai tanaman obat, salah satunya akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) yang telah lama dikenal secara empiris oleh masyarakat dayak di Kalimantan Tengah sebagai tanaman herbal alami untuk mengobati penyakit kuning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri dari ekstrak batang akar kuning terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer. Uji efek antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Esktrak batang akar kuning diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif tidak menimbulkan zona hambat di sekitar sumur. Siprofloksasin sebagai kontrol positif memiliki diameter zona hambat yang paling besar. Rerata diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh siprofloksasin 39,23 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan 40,95 mm terhadap Escherichia coli. Ekstrak akar kuning menghasilkan rerata diameter zona hambat sebesar 12,27 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan 14,44 mm terhadap Escherichia coli. Simpulan: Ekstrak batang akar kuning berpotensi memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak akar kuning, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

Wild pink bayberry fruit: the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on phytochemical profiles, and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xia ◽  
Yanyun Lin ◽  
Ersheng Gong ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Fengli Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities

In general, pink bayberry cultivar, a vital source of polyphenols, showed strong antiproliferative activity after digestion at the end of the intestinal and colon steps, which can be considered as a dietary supplement.

scholarly journals Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal effects of ethyl acetate root bark extract of Terminalia avicennioides on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Ekene Ugochukwu Adim ◽  
Emeka John Dingwoke ◽  
Fatima Amin Adamude ◽  
Chidi Edenta ◽  
Ndubuisi Nwobodo Nwobodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Yuvaraj ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Caspase 1

Abstract Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult. Methods Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group. Conclusions It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Calycolpus Moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret from Mérida, Venezuela

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Díaz ◽  
Flor D. Mora ◽  
Judith Velasco ◽  
Tulia Díaz ◽  
Luis B. Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

The chemical constituents of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret, syn Psidium caudatum Mc Vaught, collected in November 2006 in Mérida State, Venezuela, were identified by GC-MS analysis. Thirty components (91.1% of the sample) were identified, of which the seven major ones were β-caryophyllene (21.9%), α-pinene (10.9%), viridiflorol (9.7%), β-selinene (6.1%), α-copaene (6.3%), α-selinene (5.3%) and γ-eudesmol (5.1%). The oil was found to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (6538) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC (29212), with MIC values of 60 μg/mL and 180 μg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Juglans regia Root Bark Extract on Platelet Aggregation, Bleeding Time, and Plasmatic Coagulation: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amirou ◽  
M. Bnouham ◽  
A. Legssyer ◽  
A. Ziyyat ◽  
M. Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Anticoagulant Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Induced Aggregation

Platelets have an important role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Hyperactivity of the platelets has been associated with thromboembolic diseases and represents the main cause of complications of cardiovascular diseases. Crude aqueous extract (CAE) of Juglans regia root bark was evaluated for bleeding time, antiaggregant activity by using agonists, thrombin, ADP, collagen, or arachidonic acid (in vitro and ex vivo), and anticoagulant activity by measuring the clotting parameters: activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen dosage (in vitro and ex vivo). The result of this study reported that the strongest antiaggregant effect of CAE in vitro was observed on the ADP-induced aggregation with inhibitions up to 90 %, while, in ex vivo experiments, the inhibition (more than 80 %) was observed with all agonists. Anticoagulant effect of CAE significantly prolonged the TT and decreased the fibrinogen level in vitro and ex vivo without interfering with APTT and PT. The bleeding time in mice and rats was significantly increased by CAE. The antiplatelet and anticoagulant effect observed in this study suggest that Juglans regia could have antithrombotic and/or thrombolytic activities and provide an alternative therapy against thrombotic complications related to cardiovascular diseases.

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