scholarly journals Incredible Role of Osmotic Adjustment in Grain Yield Sustainability under Water Scarcity Conditions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Yield Sustainability

Interrogations of local germplasm and landraces can offer a foundation and genetic basis for drought tolerance in wheat. Potential of drought tolerance in a panel of 30 wheat genotypes including varieties, local landraces, and wild crosses were explored under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Considerable variation for an osmotic adjustment (OA) and yield components, coupled with genotype and environment interaction was observed, which indicates the differential potential of wheat genotypes under both conditions. Reduction in yield per plant (YP), thousand kernel weight (TKW), and induction of OA was detected. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association of YP with directly contributing yield components under both environments, indicating the impotence of these traits as a selection-criteria for the screening of drought-tolerant genotypes for drylands worldwide. Subsequently, the association of OA with TKW which contributes directly to YP, indicates that wheat attains OA to extract more water from the soil under low water-potential. Genotypes including WC-4, WC-8 and LLR-29 showed more TKW under both conditions, among them; LLR-29 also has maximum OA and batter yield comparatively. Result provides insight into the role of OA in plant yield sustainability under DS. In this study, we figure out the concept of OA and its incredible role in sustainable plant yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Epistasis for Three Grain Yield Components in Rice (Oryxa sativa L.)

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikang Li ◽  
Shannon R M Pinson ◽  
William D Park ◽  
Andrew H Paterson ◽  
James W Stansel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

The genetic basis for three grain yield components of rice, 1000 kernel weight (KW), grain number per panicle (GN), and grain weight per panicle (GWP), was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and F4 progeny testing from a cross between rice subspecies japonica (cultivar Lemont from USA) and indica (cv. Teqing from China). Following identification of 19 QTL affecting these traits, we investigated the role of epistasis in genetic control of these phenotypes. Among 63 markers distributed throughout the genome that appeared to be involved in 79 highly significant (P < 0.001) interactions, most (46 or 73%) did not appear to have “main” effects on the relevant traits, but influenced the trait(s) predominantly through interactions. These results indicate that epistasis is an important genetic basis for complex traits such as yield components, especially traits of low heritability such as GN and GWP. The identification of epistatic loci is an important step toward resolution of discrepancies between quantitative trait loci mapping and classical genetic dogma, contributes to better understanding of the persistence of quantitative genetic variation in populations, and impels reconsideration of optimal mapping methodology and marker-assisted breeding strategies for improvement of complex traits.

scholarly journals Reaction of wheat genotypes to soil aluminum differential saturations

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Costa ◽  
Luís Alberto Cogrossi Campos ◽  
Carlos Roberto Riede
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Soil Aluminum ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Red Latosol

Ten wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were evaluated in microplots with aluminum saturation of 0, 15, 30 and 45%, during 1994, in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The soil was a Distrofic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox), with 65% saturation of aluminum, amended with dolomitic lime. Variables evaluated included grain yield and yield components: ears.m-2, grains.ear-1 and the weight of 1000 grains. Genotypes differed in yield and yield components. Increasing aluminum saturation decreased yield, ears.m-2 and grains.ear-1, but did not alter thousand kernel weight. The genotypes reacted differently in relation to the toxic soil aluminum. Anahuac and IAPAR 29 were aluminum sensitive; OCEPAR 16, Trigo BR 18, and Trigo BR 23 were moderately sensitive; IAPAR 6, IAPAR 53, and IAPAR 60 were moderately tolerant; while IAC 5-Maringá and Trigo BR 35 were tolerant.

scholarly journals Role of exogenous application of abscisic acid ABA in drought tolerance and evaluation of antioxidant activity in durum wheat genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
R. Bousba ◽  
M. Rached-Kanouni ◽  
N. Benghersallah ◽  
A. Djekoune ◽  
N. Ykhlef
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Exogenous Treatment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractSurvival under stressful circumstance depends on the plant’s aptitude to perceive the stimulus, generate and transmit the signals, and initiate various physiological and biochemical changes. This study aims to evaluate the exogenous seed treatment by abscissic acid (ABA) in durum wheat genotypes under water stress conditions. In this investigation, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential role of exogenously applied abscicic acid in improving drought tolerance in wheat. Three contrasting wheat genotypes were used in this work: Hoggar, Hedba3 and Sigus. Two levels of water stress were induced: 2h and 4h, the aim of this work was to evaluate the action of seed exogenous treatment with ABA for 8 and 16h on physiological and biochemical parameters like stomatal resistance, antioxidant enzyme activity and quantification of ABA by HPLC. The results showed that water stress caused a decrease in endogenous ABA concentration in the roots of the stressed varieties with the exception of Hedba3. Furthermore, after ABA treatment for 16h, the two genotypes Hedba 3 and Hogar showed a higher accumulation of this phytohormone, compared to Sigus variety which marks a decrease in this concentration and which can be explained by the consumption of the ABA in the defense against the ROS.

Inducing drought tolerance in greenhouse grown Juglans regia by imposing controlled salt stress: The role of osmotic adjustment

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Karimi ◽  
Hadis Karami ◽  
Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli ◽  
Vahid Tavallali ◽  
Kourosh Vahdati
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Juglans Regia

Path analysis of genotype × environment interaction in wheat-barley disomic addition lines

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
E. Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In order to locate QTLs controlling the phenotypic stability and drought tolerance of yield and yield components in barley, seven disomic addition lines were sown together with their parents (donor and recipient) in a randomized complete block design with three replications under four rainfed and irrigated conditions. The descriptive diagram of yield and yield components exhibited a genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction and moderate variability over different environments, indicating the possibility of selection for stable and drought-tolerant entries. The AMMI stability value (ASV) and yield stability index (YSI) discriminated addition lines 2H and 4H as the most stable and droughttolerant.Path analysis revealed that the relative contribution of the number of seeds per plant (NSPP) (0.71) to grain yield (GY) was higher than that of the number of seeds per spike (SPS) (−0.44) and of thousand-seed weight (TSW) (−0.14). Therefore, the contribution of NSPP to the stability of GY over different environments was higher than that of other yield components. In other words, the instability of GY was caused by TSW and SPS in different environments. Path analysis on the drought susceptibility index revealed that most of the QTLs controlling drought tolerance and drought susceptibility in barley are located on chromosomes 3H and 6H, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis for grain yield and some quality traits in Bulgarian bread wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Galina Mihova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Increased Strength

A major priority of the breeding programs is the development of varieties and hybrid plants combining high productivity and a level of qualitative parameters. Equally topical is the problem of achieving their stable level of expression under uncertain climatic environments. Within three vegetative growth periods (2018, 2019 and 2020) characterized with different levels of abiotic stress, 20 varieties of common winter wheat were investigated. The criteria for setting up of the working collection were the genotypes to be included in the Varietal List of Republic of Bulgaria and to cover the groups’ quality levels. The trials were carried out at two locations: the Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat and Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo. These regions have specific soil and climatic conditions and are characterized with different risk factors for the development of the cereal crops. The variance analysis showed that the environmental conditions had a significant percent in the total variation of grain yield, the number of productive tillers, 1000 kernel weight and test weight. Concerning these traits, a genotype x environment interaction was also established. The cultivars with high mean yield from the two locations were Rada, Kristalina, Kalina, Katarzhina and Bozhana. The correlation between productivity and quality was successfully broken in Lazarka, Pchelina and Merilin, which belong to the group of strong wheat genotypes. Under the specific technology for conducting the field experiments we used, cultivars Pchelina and Merilin from group A were with expectedly high levels of wet gluten content and W index. The values determined for Lazarka were lower but less variable. In the group of medium wheat genotypes with increased strength, worth mentioning are Enola, Kristalina, Rada and Katarzhina.

scholarly journals Quantitative and population genomics suggest a broad role of staygreen loci in the drought adaptation of sorghum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques M Faye ◽  
Eyanawa A Akata ◽  
Bassirou Sine ◽  
Cyril Diatta ◽  
Daniel Fonceka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Broad Role

Drought is a major constraint on plant productivity globally. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) landraces have evolved in drought-prone regions, but the genetics of their adaptation is not yet understood. Loci underlying stay-green post-flowering drought tolerance (Stg), have been identified in a temperate breeding line, but their role in drought adaptation of tropical sorghum is to be elucidated. We phenotyped 590 diverse sorghum accessions from West Africa under field-based managed drought stress, pre-flowering (WS1) and post-flowering (WS2) over several years and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Broad-sense heritability for grain and biomass yield components was high (33-92%) across environments. There was a significant correlation between stress tolerance index (STI) for grain weight across WS1 and WS2. GWAS revealed that SbZfl1 and SbCN12, orthologs of maize flowering genes, likely underlie flowering time variation under these conditions. GWAS further identified associations (n = 134) for STI and drought effects on yield components, including 16 putative pleiotropic associations. Thirty of the associations colocalized with Stg1-4 loci and had large effects. Seven lead associations, including some within Stg1, overlapped with positive selection outliers. Our findings reveal natural genetic variation for drought tolerance-related traits, and suggest a broad role of Stg loci in drought adaptation of sorghum.

Relationship between Grain Yield, Osmotic Adjustment and Benzoxazinone Content in Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 704-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Silva ◽  
Sylvia V. Copaja ◽  
Héctor R. Bravo ◽  
Victor H. Argandoña
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Positive Correlation

AbstractFifteen wheat genotypes were grown under water deficit to ascertain the role of osmotic adjustment (OA) and the concentration of benzoxazinones in sustaining grain yield. A positive correlation between osmotic adjustment capacity and yield was observed in wheat genotypes cultivated under field conditions. The weight gain of plants exposed to drought was in agreement with the OA values (R2 = 0.93). However, when wheat plants were infested by cereal aphids, this correlation was not found. The benzoxazinones 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin- 3-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4 benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) are defensive secondary metabolites present in wheat and others cereals. The content of these compounds varied in wheat genotypes and increased with drought and aphid infestation. A positive correlation between weight gain of irrigated-infested plants and drought-infested plants and the contents of benzoxazinones was observed. These results suggest that plants with better OA capacity and high benzoxazinone content should have better field yields.

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