scholarly journals Competitive Exclusion of Flavescence dorée Phytoplasma Strains in Catharanthus roseus Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Marika Rossi ◽  
Marta Vallino ◽  
Luciana Galetto ◽  
Cristina Marzachì
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Unique Strain ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Grapevine Disease

Flavescence dorée phytoplasmas (FDp, 16SrV-C and -D) are plant pathogenic non-cultivable bacteria associated with a severe grapevine disease. The incidence of the two reference strains on cultivated grapevines is unbalanced, and mixed infections are rare. To investigate the interaction between the two strains, Catharanthus roseus plants were graft-infected with both strains, either simultaneously or sequentially. Different combinations of lateral and apical grafting were applied to avoid possible benefits due to graft position. The infection was monitored for four months through a new diagnostic protocol developed for differentiation and relative quantification of the two strains. Regardless of the temporal or spatial advantage at grafting, FD-C generally outcompeted FD-D. The prevalence of FD-C increased over time and, at the end of the experiment, FD-C was the unique strain detected in the aerial part and the roots of 74% and 90% of grafted plants, respectively. These data indicate that the interaction between the two strains results in competitive exclusion. Understanding the bases of the competition between FD-C and FD-D may contribute to explain the biology of the coexistence of different FDp strains under field conditions, aiming at identifying potential suppressor strains, which can provide alternative and environmentally sustainable solutions for FD control.

scholarly journals Materials for the 21st century

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Jessica Wade ◽  
Sebastian Wood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

The combined challenges of growing populations, climate change and increasing scarcity of raw materials is driving innovation in materials and design. The motivation to innovate comes from the economic impact of not doing so, as well as consumer demand, with mature customers actively seeking out more environmentally sustainable solutions.

The Roles of Creativity and Open-Mindedness in Implementing Sustainable Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-258
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Intellectual Virtues ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
High Degree

Environmental virtue ethicists recognize the importance of the moral virtues for addressing environmental problems. In addition, I argue that there are at least two important intellectual virtues required in the process of developing and implementing environmentally sustainable systems of living: creativity and open-mindedness. A high degree of creativity is needed in the search for environmentally sustainable solutions, whether that be in developing new technologies, in imagining more efficient economic systems, or in reconsidering our current ways of living. But creativity on its own is not sufficient for implementing these solutions; open-mindedness is also essential. Open-mindedness allows us to appreciate and understand the sustainable solutions developed by others and to consider how those approaches might be implemented in our own context. These two intellectual virtues work in tandem to allow both a wide-ranging search for new ideas and the change in ways of thinking needed to make them a reality.

scholarly journals Detection of Flavescence dorée Grapevine Disease Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Multispectral Imagery

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Albetis ◽  
Sylvie Duthoit ◽  
Fabio Guttler ◽  
Anne Jacquin ◽  
Michel Goulard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Multispectral Imagery ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Grapevine Disease

scholarly journals Sustainable Solutions for Wearable Technologies: Mapping the Product Development Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8444
Author(s):  
Olga Gurova ◽  
Timothy Robert Merritt ◽  
Eleftherios Papachristos ◽  
Jenna Vaajakari
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Fitness Tracking

Wearable technologies involve the integration of technology into clothing or accessories to bring new functionalities for people on the move. Many examples of wearables are emerging, from simple fitness tracking watches to electronics deeply embedded into garments for multi-touch sensing and control for personal music players. Without careful development, wearables can have a negative impact on the environment due to increased production of electronic components, increased e-waste from abandoned devices, and increased energy usage. We examine environmental sustainability issues through a review of recent research and cases across three broad areas including the fashion industry, information and communications technology (ICT), and wearable technologies. In the analysis, we examine stages in the product life cycle and identify the unique issues for each sector, including the extraction of materials, production process, distribution of products, use, and disposal of products that have reached the end of their life. The findings are gathered as implications for design so that researchers, educators, designers, developers, and product managers will gain an overview of the issues related to environmental sustainability. Related examples of products and prototypes are provided to enable informed choices during the design and development of wearables that are more environmentally sustainable.

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS: A REVIEW OF STATE OF THE ART STUDIES OF INNOVATIVE MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Luca ◽  
I. Carbone ◽  
J. B. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Current State ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Innovative Materials

1. INTRODUCTION This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the latest international publications (2012–2017) regarding innovative and environmentally sustainable materials that reduce the production of pollutants. It is recognised that world construction is responsible for substantial amounts of harmful emissions. In particular, the survey collected data on new sustainable solutions and innovative materials, such as cement, wood, glass and ceramics that are essential to minimize the environmental impact of buildings on the ecosystem and to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Therefore, the paper's intent is to give an overview of the current state of the art and research in the field of bio-building, gathering information on the environmental impacts of these innovative materials and listing the benefits that can be obtained with their use. The findings of this study support the growing importance of green building as a component of the whole construction market and provide a benchmark against which to measure future changes in the industry over time.

Design and Feasibility Study of Biomass-Driven Combined Heat and Power Systems for Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Philippe Schicker ◽  
Dustin Spayde ◽  
Heejin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Fuel Source

Abstract Meeting energy demands at crucial times can often be jeopardized by an unreliable power supply from the grid. Local, on-site power generation, such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems, may safeguard against grid fluctuations and outages. CHP systems can provide a more reliable and resilient energy supply to buildings and communities while it can also provide energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solutions compared to centralized power systems. With a recent increased focus on biomass as an alternative fuel source, biomass-driven CHP systems have been recognized as a potential technology to bring increased efficiency of fuel utilization and environmentally sustainable solutions. Biomass as an energy source is already created through agricultural and forestry by-products and may thus be efficient and convenient to be transported to remote rural communities. This paper presents a design and feasibility analysis of biomass-driven CHP systems for rural communities. The viability of wood pellets as a suitable fuel source is explored by comparing it to a conventional grid-connected system. To measure viability, three performance parameters – operational cost (OC), primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emission (CDE) – are considered in the analysis. The results demonstrate that under the right conditions wood pellet-fueled CHP systems create economic and environmental advantages over traditional systems. The main factors in increasing the viability of bCHP systems are the appropriate sizing and operational strategies of the system and the purchase price of biomass with respect to the price of traditional fuels.

Design and Feasibility Study of Biomass-Driven Combined Heat and Power Systems for Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe C. Schicker ◽  
Dustin Spayde ◽  
Heejin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Fuel Source

Abstract Meeting energy demands at crucial times can often be jeopardized by unreliable power supply from the grid. Local, on-site power generation, such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems, may safeguard against grid fluctuations and outages. CHP systems can provide more reliable and resilient energy supply to buildings and communities while it can also provide energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solutions compared to centralized power systems. With a recent increased focus on biomass as an alternative fuel source, biomass driven CHP systems have been recognized as a potential technology to bring increased efficiency of fuel utilization and environmentally sustainable solutions. Biomass as an energy source is already created through agricultural and forestry byproducts and may thus be efficient and convenient to be transported to remote rural communities. This paper presents a design and feasibility analysis of biomass (primarily wood pellets)-driven CHP systems for a rural community in the United States. A particular focus was set on rural Mississippi to investigate possible grid independent applications; however, this analysis can be scaled to rural communities across America. The viability of wood pellets (WP) as a suitable fuel source is explored by comparing it to a conventional grid-connected system. To measure viability, three performance parameters — operational cost (OC), primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emission (CDE) — are considered in the analysis. The results demonstrate that under the right conditions wood pellet-fueled CHP systems create economic and environmental advantages over traditional systems. The main factors in increasing the viability of bCHP systems are the appropriate sizing and operational strategies of system and the purchase price of biomass with respect to the price traditional fuels.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of a New Strengthening Technique of RC Beams Using Prestressed NSM CFRP Bars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Alcaraz Carrillo de Albornoz ◽  
Eva García del Toro ◽  
M. Isabel Más-López ◽  
Alfredo Luizaga Patiño
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Reinforced Beams ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Strengthening Technique

The reinforcement of structural elements subjected to bending with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) located on the underside of the element to be reinforced (known as near surface mounted or NSM) is an effective technique that provides environmentally sustainable solutions in the field of civil engineering. Introducing preloads on the reinforcing elements allows us to maximize the high performance of CFRPs, besides recovering deformations. A new technique to perform the pre-stressing of CFRP bars in NSM configuration is described in this paper. The technique introduces the preload on the rods after they have been placed in the grooves, and with a system that acts and reacts against the beam itself. We also present the results of a testing campaign conducted to determine the effectiveness of said technique. Breakage of the control beams (without reinforcement) was ductile, while breakage of reinforced beams was explosive. Pre-stressing the reinforcing elements allowed us to increase the bearing capacity of the beams 170% compared to the control beams, also resulting in an increase in the rigidity of the reinforced elements and a decreased cracking of the beam. The results however are only slightly better than those of a conventional CFRP NSM reinforcement, due to the appearance of cavities in the groove where the adhesive didn’t manage to penetrate.

scholarly journals The transformative effect of the introduction of water volumetric billing in a disadvantaged housing area in Sweden

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Mangold ◽  
Greg Morrison ◽  
Robin Harder ◽  
Pernilla Hagbert ◽  
Sebastien Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Household Economies ◽  
Housing Area ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Negative Impacts

Domestic water payment schemes are often a product of their time, place and what is perceived to be customary. Aspects that payment schemes can take into account include resource conservation, equity, maintainability, and profitability. In contemporary Sweden profitable environmentally sustainable solutions are promoted, such as the introduction of volumetric billing of water in rental apartments. This paper describes the detailed consequences of this change in the payment structure for domestic water in terms of reduced resource consumption, direct impact on household economies and perceptions of the system's change process. By combining high-resolution quantitative data on water usage and socio-economic household characteristics with qualitative data from semi-standardized interviews with residents, it is possible to identify the different impacts of the system's change and how the process was experienced. It was shown that while water usage decreased by 30%, 63% of the households had increased monthly costs, and unemployed residents were further disadvantaged and closer to social exclusion. Focusing on making environmental sustainability profitable, as posited in ecological modernization theory, may shadow negative impacts on social sustainability.

scholarly journals Trends of Environmentally Sustainable Solutions of Urban Last-Mile Deliveries on the E-Commerce Market—A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5894
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mucowska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Urban Freight Transport ◽  
And Performance

The growth of e-commerce has increased urban freight transport, bringing negative externalities of emissions, pollution, noise, congestion, and habitat loss. There is a visible effort to make the urban last-mile (LM) deliveries more sustainable, mainly in the environmental aspects; however, the related literature lacks a synthesis of the up-to-date research trends and available solutions. This paper reviews relevant literature following SRL methodology in terms of topics related to green LM deliveries on the e-commerce market in urban areas, and identifies trends and the research gaps in this field. In addition, current research topics and existing solutions within the e-commerce market, which increase its environmental sustainability are presented. The findings provide an accurate and comprehensive synthesis of research in green LM e-commerce deliveries in cities, identify current and emerging interests of researchers worldwide, and discover areas requiring further studies. The topics of ICT and smart solutions, customer behavior, and performance assessment certainly seem to be underestimated in the current research. In practical terms, it is a source of knowledge and guidelines on the current developments regarding the existing solution for the LM e-commerce deliveries in the urban area, which might help local governments, freight operators, and other stakeholders of last-mile logistics to improve their sustainability.

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