scholarly journals Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Textile Waste through Acid Hydrolysis and Oxidation as Reinforcing Agent of Soy Protein Film

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuting Huang ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Ashraf Ismail ◽  
Yixiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Film ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Cellulose Iβ ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

More than 10 million tons of textile waste are disposed through landfill every year in North America. The disposal of textile waste via landfill or incineration causes environmental problems and represents a waste of useful resources. In this work, we explored the possibility to directly extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from untreated textile waste through two methods, namely sulfuric acid hydrolysis and three-step oxidization. CNCs with cellulose Iβ crystalline structure and rod-like shape were successfully obtained. The aspect ratios of CNCs prepared from acid hydrolysis and oxidization were 10.00 ± 3.39 and 17.10 ± 12.85, respectively. Their application as reinforcing agent of soybean protein isolate (SPI) film was evaluated. With the addition of 20% CNCs, the composite film maintained the high transparency, while their water vapor barrier property, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were significantly improved. This research demonstrates a promising approach to recycle textile waste, and more value-added applications based on the derived CNCs could be expected.

scholarly journals Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Approach

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Mohamed ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim ◽  
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad ◽  
Fatehah Mohd Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Alkaline Pulping ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose

There is an interest in the sustainable utilization of waste cotton cloths because of their enormous volume of generation and high cellulose content. Waste cotton cloths generated are disposed of in a landfill, which causes environmental pollution and leads to the waste of useful resources. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from waste cotton cloths collected from a landfill. The waste cotton cloths collected from the landfill were sterilized and cleaned using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) technology. The cellulose was extracted from scCO2-treated waste cotton cloths using alkaline pulping and bleaching processes. Subsequently, the CNCs were isolated using the H2SO4 hydrolysis of cellulose. The isolated CNCs were analyzed to determine the morphological, chemical, thermal, and physical properties with various analytical methods, including attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the isolated CNCs had a needle-like structure with a length and diameter of 10–30 and 2–6 nm, respectively, and an aspect ratio of 5–15, respectively. Additionally, the isolated CNCs had a high crystallinity index with a good thermal stability. The findings of the present study revealed the potential of recycling waste cotton cloths to produce a value-added product.

scholarly journals Optimization of High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatments on Soybean Protein Isolate to Improve Its Functionality and Evaluation of Its Application in Yogurt

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Chenxiao Wang ◽  
Hao Yin ◽  
Yanyun Zhao ◽  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Xuebing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Water Holding

This work aimed to improve the functional properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and develop SPI incorporated yogurt. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the HHP treatment parameters, including pressure, holding time, and the ratio of SPI/water. Water holding capacity, emulsifying activity index, solubility, and hardness of SPI gels were evaluated as response variables. The optimized HPP treatment conditions were 281 MPa of pressure, 18.92 min of holding time, and 1:8.33 of SPI/water ratio. Water and oil holding capacity, emulsifying activity, and stability of SPI at different pH were improved. Additionally, relative lipoxygenase (LOX) activity of HHP treated SPI (HHP-SPI) was decreased 67.55 ± 5.73%, but sulphydryl group content of HHP-SPI was increased 12.77%, respectively. When incorporating 8% of SPI and HHP-SPI into yogurt, the water holding capacity and rheological properties of yogurt were improved in comparison with yogurt made of milk powders. Moreover, HHP-SPI incorporated yogurt appeared better color and flavor.

Development of a multifunctional nanocomposite film with record-high ultralow temperature toughness and unprecedented fatigue-resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaicheng Jiang ◽  
Yanqiang Wei ◽  
Jiongjiong Li ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Kaili Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Ultralow Temperature

Abstract In the quest of materials that can tolerate extreme environments (i.e., aerospace, polar regions of earth), facile design of self-healing, high fatigue-resistant and multifunctional nanocomposite materials with excellent ultralow temperature toughness, especially by utilizing inexpensive and sustainable bioresources is still currently challengeable. In current study, we present a material that displays remarkable ultralow temperature toughness, shows excellent toughness (107.3 MJ·m-3) at − 196°C and maintains high mechanical strength in highly humid environments. This material is a spider silk-inspired, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based, autonomous room temperature self-healable nanocomposite by complexation of boron nitride (BN), quantum dots (QDs) and soybean protein isolate grafted lignin (SPI-lignin). The fabricated material, namely PVA-BN-QDs-SPI-lignin, simultaneously exhibits outstanding tensile strength (53.3 MPa), toughness (182.8 MJ·m-3), fatigue-resistance as well as antiultraviolet and fluorescent properties and sets an impressive new record of folding-failure (900 000 times) and toughness, which are 10.6 to 45.7 times higher than other graphene-based nanocomposites. It can be impressively self-healed within only 2 minutes. Of particular interest is its facile, green, mild and inexpensive preparation method that can be easily scale up. It is believed that this work, beginning with abundant biodegradable resources, opens the door to develop biobased multifunctional materials in practical applications, such as flexible wearable materials.

scholarly journals Camelina sativa meal hydrolysate as sustainable biomass for the production of carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract Background: The sustainability of biorefineries is strongly related to the origin, the availability and the market of the biomass used as feedstock. Moreover, one of the pillars of circular economy aims at reducing waste, ideally to zero. These considerations well justify the increasing industrial interest in exploiting many and diverse residual biomasses. This work focuses on the valorization of the leftover from Camelina sativa oil extraction, named Camelina meal. Despite Camelina meal is used as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Here we valorized Camelina meal hydrolysates by using them as nutrient and energy source for shake-flask fermentations where Rhodosporidium toruloides , a yeast natural producer of carotenoids, accumulated these pigments as desired product. Initially, by total acid hydrolysis we determined that in Camelina meal carbohydrates account for a maximum of 30.8 ± 1.0 %. However, since the acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, obtaining a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Having stated that, by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, with or without water insoluble solids (SHF, SHF+WIS), or Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) we obtained 5.51 ± 0.67, 12.64 ± 2.57, and 15.97 ± 0.67 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively, from Camelina meal hydrolysate. Significantly, the presence of WIS, possibly containing microbial inhibitors, correlates with a higher titer of carotenoids, which can be seen as scavengers. Conclusions: The proposed study paves the way for the development of bioprocesses based on the exploitation of Camelina meal, scarcely investigated in the field before, as feedstock. The processes depicted provide an example of how different final products of industrial interests can be obtained from this leftover, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal for the feed industry, without diminishing but possibly increasing its initial value. These data provide valuable basis for the economic evaluations necessary to assess the feasibility of a bioprocess based on Camelina meal to obtain high-value added products.

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