scholarly journals Alginic Acid Polymer-Hydroxyapatite Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3070
Author(s):  
Rebecca Sikkema ◽  
Blanca Keohan ◽  
Igor Zhitomirsky
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Fabrication

Natural bone is a composite organic-inorganic material, containing hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inorganic phase. In this review, applications of natural alginic acid (ALGH) polymer for the fabrication of composites containing HAP are described. ALGH is used as a biocompatible structure directing, capping and dispersing agent for the synthesis of HAP. Many advanced techniques for the fabrication of ALGH-HAP composites are attributed to the ability of ALGH to promote biomineralization. Gel-forming and film-forming properties of ALGH are key factors for the development of colloidal manufacturing techniques. Electrochemical fabrication techniques are based on strong ALGH adsorption on HAP, pH-dependent charge and solubility of ALGH. Functional properties of advanced composite ALGH-HAP films and coatings, scaffolds, biocements, gels and beads are described. The composites are loaded with other functional materials, such as antimicrobial agents, drugs, proteins and enzymes. Moreover, the composites provided a platform for their loading with cells for the fabrication of composites with enhanced properties for various biomedical applications. This review summarizes manufacturing strategies, mechanisms and outlines future trends in the development of functional biocomposites.

scholarly journals CeO2 Nanoparticle-Containing Polymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Shcherbakov ◽  
Vladimir V. Reukov ◽  
Alexander V. Yakimansky ◽  
Elena L. Krasnopeeva ◽  
Olga S. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Biomedical Polymers ◽  
Biomedical Potential

The development of advanced composite biomaterials combining the versatility and biodegradability of polymers and the unique characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles unveils new horizons in emerging biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration, drug delivery and gene therapy, theranostics and medical imaging. Nanocrystalline cerium(IV) oxide, or nanoceria, stands out from a crowd of other metal oxides as being a truly unique material, showing great potential in biomedicine due to its low systemic toxicity and numerous beneficial effects on living systems. The combination of nanoceria with new generations of biomedical polymers, such as PolyHEMA (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based hydrogels, electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone or natural-based chitosan or cellulose, helps to expand the prospective area of applications by facilitating their bioavailability and averting potential negative effects. This review describes recent advances in biomedical polymeric material practices, highlights up-to-the-minute cerium oxide nanoparticle applications, as well as polymer-nanoceria composites, and aims to address the question: how can nanoceria enhance the biomedical potential of modern polymeric materials?

Physico-Chemical Challenges in 3D Printing of Polymeric Nanocomposites and Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2778-2792
Author(s):  
Massimo Bonini
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Additive manufacturing techniques (i.e., 3D printing) are rapidly becoming one of the most popular methods for the preparation of materials to be employed in many different fields, including biomedical applications. The main reason is the unique flexibility resulting from both the method itself and the variety of starting materials, requiring the combination of multidisciplinary competencies for the optimization of the process. In particular, this is the case of additive manufacturing processes based on the extrusion or jetting of nanocomposite materials, where the unique properties of nanomaterials are combined with those of a flowing matrix. This contribution focuses on the physico-chemical challenges typically faced in the 3D printing of polymeric nanocomposites and polymeric hydrogels intended for biomedical applications. The strategies to overcome those challenges are outlined, together with the characterization approaches that could help the advance of the field.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Conducting Polymers and Their Composites for Electrochemical Biosensing Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. T. Luong ◽  
Tarun Narayan ◽  
Shipra Solanki ◽  
Bansi D. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
And Performance

Conducting polymers (CPs) have been at the center of research owing to their metal-like electrochemical properties and polymer-like dispersion nature. CPs and their composites serve as ideal functional materials for diversified biomedical applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics. There have also been numerous biosensing platforms based on polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY), polythiophene (PTP), and their composites. Based on their unique properties and extensive use in biosensing matrices, updated information on novel CPs and their role is appealing. This review focuses on the properties and performance of biosensing matrices based on CPs reported in the last three years. The salient features of CPs like PANI, PPY, PTP, and their composites with nanoparticles, carbon materials, etc. are outlined along with respective examples. A description of mediator conjugated biosensor designs and enzymeless CPs based glucose sensing has also been included. The future research trends with required improvements to improve the analytical performance of CP-biosensing devices have also been addressed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Series Compensation Topologies for Inductive Chargers of Biomedical Implantable Devices

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Gati ◽  
Sotirios Kokosis ◽  
Nikolaos Patsourakis ◽  
Stefanos Manias
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Extensive Investigation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Series Compensation ◽  
Frequency Selection ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Secondary Side

Modern biomedical implantable devices provide an increasingly popular solution for health monitoring and medical issues. Their level of development in the coming years will depend on their reliability and endurance. Their powering and recharging capabilities are key factors for their dominance. In this work, series compensation topologies for use in inductive chargers of biomedical implantable devices are investigated with regard to their performance. The goal is to assess the possibility of reducing the component count of the implantable device and thus, increase its reliability and patient safety. Comparison is performed between the commonly used series-series compensation topology with a topology which incorporates no capacitors in the secondary side but only series compensation in the primary. Extensive investigation of the operation of the two topologies is made through mathematical analysis, simulations, and experimental evaluation, for the most popular schemes of operation, with regard to frequency selection. A prototype inductive charger, including a custom-made inductive link, was designed and built for the experimental evaluation of the system. Insights on the operation of both topologies are provided and the results show that primary-side series compensation can be a strong alternative to series-series compensation, in biomedical applications.

Calcium Carbonate and Cellulose/Calcium Carbonate Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Ming Guo Ma ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Lian Hua Fu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Co Precipitation

CaCO3 has six polymorphs such as vaterite, aragonite, calcite, amorphous, crystalline monohydrate, and hexahydrate CaCO3. CaCO3 is a typical biomineral that is abundant in both organisms and nature and has important industrial applications. Cellulose could be used as feedstocks for producing biofuels, bio-based chemicals, and high value-added bio-based materials. In the past, more attentions have been paid to the synthesis and applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites due to its relating properties such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, and bioactivity, and potential applications including biomedical, antibacterial, and water pretreatment fields as functional materials. A variety of synthesis methods such as the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, biomimetic mineralization method, microwave-assisted method, (co-) precipitation method, and sonochemistry method, were employed to the preparation of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites. In this chapter, the recent development of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites has been reviewed. The synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are summarized. The future developments of CaCO3 and cellulose/CaCO3 nanocomposites are also suggested.

Research on the Adhension of Water-Based Ink on UV Varnish

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Wang ◽  
Xian Fu Wei ◽  
Bei Qing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Resin Film ◽  
Major Factors

In order to enhance the adhension of ink, base ink was prepared with proper pigment and grinding resin, as well as dispersing agent, then compounded it and film-forming resin. The paper has studied the major factors, including grinding resin, film-forming resin and additives, which influenced the adhension of water-based ink on UV varnish. The results indicated that the content and the variety of grinding resin had a certain influence on the adhension of water-based ink. Besides, since the structure of film-forming resin is different, it has a significant effect on the adhension of water-based ink with the change of the variety of resin. Whats more, additives, which could decrease the surface tension of ink effectively and made the ink intend to adhere on UV varnish easily, is also an important factor that influences the adhension of the water-based ink on UV varnish.

scholarly journals Alginate Nanoformulation: Influence of Process and Selected Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Hazem Choukaife ◽  
Abd Almonem Doolaanea ◽  
Mulham Alfatama
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Formulation Parameters

Nanocarriers are defined as structures and devices that are constructed using nanomaterials which add functionality to the encapsulants. Being small in size and having a customized surface, improved solubility and multi-functionality, it is envisaged that nanoparticles will continue to create new biomedical applications owing to their stability, solubility, and bioavailability, as well as controlled release of drugs. The type and physiochemical as well as morphological attributes of nanoparticles influence their interaction with living cells and determine the route of administration, clearance, as well as related toxic effects. Over the past decades, biodegradable polymers such as polysaccharides have drowned a great deal of attention in pharmaceutical industry with respect to designing of drug delivery systems. On this note, biodegradable polymeric nanocarrier is deemed to control the release of the drug, stabilize labile molecules from degradation and site-specific drug targeting, with the main aim of reducing the dosing frequency and prolonging the therapeutic outcomes. Thus, it is essential to select the appropriate biopolymer material, e.g., sodium alginate to formulate nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Alginate has attracted considerable interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as a matrix material of nanocarriers due to its inherent biological properties, including good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Various techniques have been adopted to synthesize alginate nanoparticles in order to introduce more rational, coherent, efficient and cost-effective properties. This review highlights the most used and recent manufacturing techniques of alginate-based nanoparticulate delivery system, including emulsification/gelation complexation, layer-by-layer, spray drying, electrospray and electrospinning methods. Besides, the effects of the main processing and formulation parameters on alginate nanoparticles are also summarized.

A Review on Antimicrobial Properties of Metal Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3303-3339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saee Gharpure ◽  
Aman Akash ◽  
Balaprasad Ankamwar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Micro Organisms

The field of nanotechnology elaborates the synthesis, characterization as well as application of nanomaterials. Applications of nanoparticles in various fields have interested scientists since decades due to its unique properties. Combination of pharmacology with nanotechnology has helped in development of newer antimicrobial agents in order to control the ever increasing multidrug resistant micro-organisms. Properties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles like silver, gold, titanium dioxide as well as magnesium oxide as antimicrobial agents are very well known. This review elaborates synthesis methods and antimicrobial mechanisms of various metal as well as metal oxide nanoparticles for better understanding in order to utilize their potentials in various biomedical applications.

Magnetic Nanoparticles: Current Trends and Future Aspects in Diagnostics and Nanomedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Veera Srikanth Vallabani ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Ajay Singh Karakoti
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Near Future

Background: Biomedical applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are creating a major impact on disease diagnosis and nanomedicine or a combined platform called theranostics. A significant progress has been made to engineer novel and hybrid MNPs for their multifunctional modalities such as imaging, biosensors, chemotherapeutic or photothermal and antimicrobial agents. MNPs are successfully applied in biomedical applications due to their unique and tunable properties such as superparamagnetism, stability, and biocompatibility. Approval of ferumoxytol (feraheme) for MRI and the fact that several Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are currently undergoing clinical trials have paved a path for future MNPs formulations. Intensive research is being carried out in designing and developing novel nanohybrids for multiple applications in nanomedicine. Objective: The objective of the present review is to summarize recent developments of MNPs in imaging modalities like MRI, CT, PET and PA, biosensors and nanomedicine including their role in targeting and drug delivery. Relevant theory and examples of the use of MNPs in these applications have been cited and discussed to create a thorough understanding of the developments in this field. Conclusion: MNPs have found widespread use as contrast agents in imaging modalities, as tools for bio-sensing, and as therapeutic and theranostics agents. Multiple formulations of MNPs are in clinical testing and may be accepted in clinical settings in near future.

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