scholarly journals Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3199
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kociołek-Balawejder ◽  
Ewa Stanisławska ◽  
Irena Jacukowicz-Sobala ◽  
Igor Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Matrix Decomposition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cation Exchangers ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The effect of a cupric deposit (Cu2+, CuO) on the thermal decomposition of carboxylic cation exchangers (CCEs) is not known, and such studies may have practical significance. CCEs have a very high ion exchange capacity, so an exceptionally large amount of CuO (which is a catalyst) can be precipitated inside them. Two CCEs, macroreticular (Amberlite IRC50) and gel-like (Amberlite IRC86), served as a polymeric support to obtain copper-rich hybrid ion exchangers. Composites with CuO particles inside a polyacrylic matrix (up to 35.0 wt% Cu) were obtained. Thermal analyses under air and under N2 were performed for CCEs in the H+ and Cu2+ form with and without a CuO deposit. The results of sixteen experiments are discussed based on the TG/DTG curves and XRD patterns of the solid residues. Under air, the cupric deposit shifted the particular transformations and the ultimate polymeric matter decomposition (combustion) toward lower temperatures (even about 100–150 °C). Under N2, the reduction of the cupric deposit to metallic copper took place. Unique composite materials enriched in carbonaceous matter were obtained, as the products of polymeric matrix decomposition (free radicals and hydrogen) created an additional amount of carbon char due to the utilization of a certain amount of hydrogen to reduce Cu (II) to Cu0.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Hydrophobic Properties of Nano-Cu-Coated Wood-Based Composites by Ultrasonic Pretreatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5448
Author(s):  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Yongqi Tian ◽  
Xiaoming Duan ◽  
Jingkui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Wood Based Composite

The combination of nano-metal and wood to prepare copper-coated wood-based composite materials has important research value and practical significance for improving the function of wood, expanding the application field of wood, and adding added value. In this paper, 31-year-old wood (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongholica Litv) veneer was taken as the research object. The wood veneer was pretreated by ultrasonic wave, and copper film was deposited on the surface of the wood veneer by magnetron sputtering to prepare “environmentally friendly” copper-plated wood-based composite materials. The microstructure and hydrophobic properties of Cu-coated wood-based composites were characterized and studied. With the increase in coating time, the diffraction peak intensity of wood cellulose gradually decreased, and the diffraction peaks of Cu (111), Cu (200), and Cu (220) of metallic copper appeared. Under the sputtering condition of a substrate temperature of 200 °C, the copper film deposit on the surface of the wood was uniform and densely arranged. The surface water contact angle reached 149.9°. Ultrasonic treatment increases the porous structure of wood, and the rough metal copper film interface was constructed on the surface of wood by magnetron sputtering to transform the surface wettability of the wood from hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic. The lotus leaf effect was realized on the wood surface.

Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bleha ◽  
Věra Šumberová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Sorption ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

scholarly journals Hydrothermally Assisted Fabrication of TiO2-Fe3O4 Composite Materials and Their Antibacterial Activity

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4715
Author(s):  
Adam Kubiak ◽  
Marta Kubacka ◽  
Elżbieta Gabała ◽  
Anna Dobrowolska ◽  
Karol Synoradzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Oxide Composites

The TiO2-Fe3O4 composite materials were fabricated via the hydrothermal-assisted technique. It was determined how the molar ratio of TiO2 to Fe3O4 influences the crystalline structure and morphology of the synthesized composite materials. The effect of the molar ratio of components on the antibacterial activity was also analyzed. On the basis of XRD patterns for the obtained titanium(IV) oxide-iron(II, III) oxide composites, the two separate crystalline forms—anatase and magnetite —were observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed particles of cubic and tetragonal shape for TiO2 and spherical for Fe3O4. The results of low-temperature nitrogen sorption analysis indicated that an increase in the iron(II, III) oxide content leads to a decrease in the BET surface area. Moreover, the superparamagnetic properties of titanium(IV) oxide-iron(II, III) oxide composites should be noted. An important aim of the work was to determine the antibacterial activity of selected TiO2-Fe3O4 materials. For this purpose, two representative strains of bacteria, the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, were used. The titanium(IV) oxide-iron(II, III) oxide composites demonstrated a large zone of growth inhibition for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it was found that the analyzed materials can be reused as antibacterial agents in three consecutive cycles with good results.

The Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Bn-Al Composite Materials Synthesized by Vacuum Infiltration

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chao ◽  
X. Xiangxin ◽  
C. Xiaozhou ◽  
Y. He ◽  
Ch. Gongjin
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Ti Addition

In this paper, we studied the effect of Ti addition on the microstructure and fracture toughness of Boron nitride- Aluminum (BN-Al) composite materials that were synthesized by vacuum infiltration. The BN-Al composite materials were fabricated by preheating the [Ti+BN] preforms at 1700º for 1 hour before Al alloys were infiltrated into the preforms in a vacuum atmosphere at 1100º for 2 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the diffraction peaks of titanium diboride (TiB2) appeared when the [Ti+BN] preforms were preheated. It is thought that metal Al protected are visible and this could be achieved by the generation of TiB2 when Al infiltrated into the preform from fractography. The matching fracture toughness of the [Ti+BN] preforms gradually improve when Ti content was increased.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced Grafting of Styrene onto Polyethylene Films for Preparation of Cation Exchange Membranes: Effect of Crosslinking+

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Nasef ◽  
H. Saidi ◽  
A. H. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽  
Radiation Induced

Crosslinked cation exchange membranes bearing sulfonic acid groups (PE-g-PSSA/DVB) were prepared by radiationinduced grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene (DVB) mixtures onto low density polyethylene (PE) films followed by sulfonation reactions. The effect of addition of DVB (2 and 4%) on the grafting behavior and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes such as ion exchange capacity, swelling and ionic conductivity were evaluated incorrelation with grafting yield (Y%). The structural and thermal properties of the membranes were also studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Crosslinking with DVB was found to considerably affect the properties of the membranes in a way that reduces the swelling properties and enhances the chemical stability. The ion conductivity of the crosslinked membranes recorded a level of 10–2 S/cm at sufficient grafting yield (28%) despite the reduction caused by the formation of crosslinking structure. The results of this work suggest that membranes prepared in this study are potential alternatives for various electrochemical applications.

The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Inorganic Material Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jin He Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Property ◽  
Insertion Reaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Saturation Capacity

Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 was prepared by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 10.6mmol/g for Li+.

scholarly journals Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Nafion and a Superacidic Inorganic Additive for Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mazzapioda ◽  
Stefania Panero ◽  
Maria Assunta Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

Nafion composite membranes, containing different amounts of mesoporous sulfated titanium oxide (TiO2-SO4) were prepared by solvent-casting and tested in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), operating at very low humidification levels. The TiO2-SO4 additive was originally synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Peculiar properties of the composite membranes, such as the thermal transitions and ion exchange capacity, were investigated and here discussed. When used as an electrolyte in the fuel cell, the composite membrane guaranteed an improvement with respect to bare Nafion systems at 30% relative humidity and 110 °C, exhibiting higher power and current densities.

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