Possibility Routes for Textile Recycling Technology

The fashion industry contributes to a significant environmental issue due to the increasing production and needs of the industry. The proactive efforts toward developing a more sustainable process via textile recycling has become the preferable solution. This urgent and important need to develop cheap and efficient recycling methods for textile waste has led to the research community’s development of various recycling methods. The textile waste recycling process can be categorized into chemical and mechanical recycling methods. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art regarding different types of textile recycling technologies along with their current challenges and limitations. The critical parameters determining recycling performance are summarized and discussed and focus on the current challenges in mechanical and chemical recycling (pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal, ammonolysis, and glycolysis). Textile waste has been demonstrated to be re-spun into yarn (re-woven or knitted) by spinning carded yarn and mixed shoddy through mechanical recycling. On the other hand, it is difficult to recycle some textiles by means of enzymatic hydrolysis; high product yield has been shown under mild temperatures. Furthermore, the emergence of existing technology such as the internet of things (IoT) being implemented to enable efficient textile waste sorting and identification is also discussed. Moreover, we provide an outlook as to upcoming technological developments that will contribute to facilitating the circular economy, allowing for a more sustainable textile recycling process.

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Recycling and Reuse of Fashion

Circular Economy and Re-Commerce in the Fashion Industry - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2728-3.ch006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Chand Prakash Saini ◽

M. K. Nair ◽

K. Tara Shankar

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

The Internet ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Fast Fashion ◽

Textile Waste ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

The World

The chapter examines the role of recycling and reuse of fashion in order to achieve environmental sustainability. The chapter supports its conclusion by various reports that recycling of textile waste can be solutions to many environmental issues caused by fast fashion. However, textile recycling is an old term; in recent years, it has gained attention again due to fast fashion culture in significant parts of the world, which has resulted in overconsumption of textiles and led to waste generation. Waste recycling has become a multibillion industry. New ways are being created in terms of the development of sorting machines, design inputs, and innovative high-value products to make recycling a profitable proposition. The chapter also highlights how the second-hand market of clothes and the internet as a facilitator can help in reducing textile waste.

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German Textile Waste Recycling Industry Processing and its Implications in China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1345 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 651-653 ◽

pp. 1345-1348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Fu Liu ◽

Tian Yi

Keyword(s):

Yangtze River ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Yangtze River Delta ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Textile Waste ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

Recycling Economy ◽

Reuse System

Textile recycling can save resource and energy, as well as make huge economic benefits. Under the background of recycling economy, it is imperative to build textile recycling and reuse system in China, as there are many problems in Chinese textile waste recycling market. This paper introduces the background of textile waste recycling and explores the detail of advanced textile recycling mode in Germany as a case study, through which the author points out that we can learn from the German mode and choose Yangtze River Delta as a pilot area to establish the textile waste recycling system.

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Safety Evaluation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Chemical Recycling Processes

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132212854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 12854

Author(s):

Frank Welle

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Mechanical Recycling ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Food Input

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the main packaging materials for beverage bottles. Even if this polymer is good to recycle, mechanical recycling processes need a well-sorted input fraction. For less-sorted PET packaging, or even non-food input sources, chemical recycling seems to be a solution to increase PET recycling. For post-consumer recyclates in packaging applications, it is essential that the safety of the recyclates is guaranteed, and the consumers’ health protected. For mechanical recycling processes, evaluation criteria are already established. For chemical recycling processes, however, such evaluation criteria are only roughly available. This study evaluated the safety of the chemical recycling process similar to the approach of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, due to the lack of information about the contamination level of the input materials for the chemical recycling process, the evaluation was adapted. In addition, the evaluation should be performed separately for the depolymerisation and for the repolymerisation steps. However, due to the high cleaning efficiencies of both steps, the evaluation can focus on the repolymerisation. This simplifies the assessment of the chemical recycling processes considerably.

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Exploring an Alternative to the Chilean Textile Waste: A Carbon Footprint Assessment of a Textile Recycling Process

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.4002416 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Espinoza Pérez ◽

Andrea Teresa Espinoza Pérez ◽

Óscar C. Vásquez

Keyword(s):

Carbon Footprint ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Textile Waste ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

Carbon Footprint Assessment

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Towards Circular Economy: Different Strategies for Polyurethane Waste Recycling and the Obtaining of New Products

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2231490 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (23) ◽

pp. 1490 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lorena Ugarte ◽

Tamara Calvo-Correas ◽

Itziar Gonzalez-Gurrutxaga ◽

Cristina Peña-Rodriguez ◽

Oihane Etxeberria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Mechanical Recycling ◽

Great Volume ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethanes ◽

Polyurethane Waste ◽

High Production ◽

Flexible Foam

As a consequence of the high production and simultaneous consumption of polyurethanes (PU) a great volume of PU waste is landfilled. In this scenario, suitable and efficient routes for PU waste recycling have been searched for many years. In this work two series of PUs using different recycled PU sources were synthesized: a thermoplastic PU series using a glycolysated polyol obtained from the glycolysis of elastomeric PU waste (chemical recycling) and a PU flexible foam series loaded with PU dust waste created in the shaping of PU surf tables (mechanical recycling). Results showed that the incorporation of recycled components in the formulation improved mechanical properties both in the case of thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyurethane foams. The optimum glycolysated polyol was fixed in 15% over the total polyol weight for thermoplastic PUs. In the case of foams, a maximum of 20% PU dust over the polyol weight was incorporated.

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Waste Management Strategies in Textile & Garment Sector

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology - RTT2020 ◽

10.46501/ijmtst0609s09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 (9S) ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

Gupta Khusbu Kumari

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Consumer Awareness ◽

Negative Contribution ◽

Textile Waste ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

Employment Generation ◽

Wasteful Consumption

Textiles and Apparel (T&A) sector is one of the most significant industrial sectors and plays a major role towards contribution to national economy, employment generation and exports in developing countriesand most essential consumer goods industry. However, textile industry is accused of being one of the most polluting industries. Not only production but consumption of textiles also produces waste. To counter the problem, textile industry has taken many measures for reducing its negative contribution towards environment. One of such measures is textile recycling- the reuse as well as reproduction of fibers from textile waste. Recycling can be done through thermal, material, chemical and mechanical processes. Textile recycling is beneficial for environmental and economic conditions, reducing demand for textile chemicals, requirement of landfill space is reduced, consumption of less energy and reducing of water wastage. Market research, and efforts are needed to increase consumer awareness and to encourage manufacturers to increase the use of recycled textile waste into new products. Fashion consumption and sustainability are often opposing ideas. Fashion consumption is a highly resource-intensive, wasteful practice; and sustainability frowns on wasteful consumption. Sustainability in the fashion business is still an emerging agenda, not yet established, and many authors have recognised the importance of investigating how sustainability could be achieved

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Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6401

Author(s):

José Antonio Butenegro ◽

Mohsen Bahrami ◽

Juana Abenojar ◽

Miguel Ángel Martínez

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Mechanical Recycling ◽

Cfrp Composite ◽

Carbon Fiber Reinforced

The rapid increase in the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials represents a challenge to waste recycling. The circular economy approach coupled with the possibility of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP waste with similar properties to virgin carbon fibers at a much lower cost and with lower energy consumption motivate the study of CFRP recycling. Mechanical recycling methods allow the obtention of chopped composite materials, while both thermal and chemical recycling methods aim towards recovering carbon fibers. This review examines the three main recycling methods, their processes, and particularities, as well as the reuse of recycled carbon fibers in the manufacture of new composite materials.

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Exergy Footprint Assessment of Cotton Textile Recycling to Polyethylene

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15010205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Alexandra Plesu Popescu ◽

Yen Keong Cheah ◽

Petar Sabev Varbanov ◽

Jiří Jaromír Klemeš ◽

Mohammad Reda Kabli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Fraction ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Process Chain ◽

Human Pressure ◽

Linear Pattern ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

Cotton Waste ◽

Polyethylene Production ◽

Exergy Performance

Circular economy implementations tend to decrease the human pressure on the environment, but not all produce footprint reductions. That observation brings the need for tools for the evaluation of recycling processes. Based on the Exergy Footprint concept, the presented work formulates a procedure for its application to industrial chemical recycling processes. It illustrates its application in the example of cotton waste recycling. This includes the evaluation of the entire process chain of polyethylene synthesis by recycling cotton waste. The chemical recycling stages are identified and used to construct the entire flowsheet that eliminates the cotton waste and its footprints at the expense of additional exergy input. The exergy performance of the process is evaluated. The identified exergy assets and liabilities are 138 MJ/kg ethylene and 153 MJ/kg ethylene, reducing the Exergy Footprint by 75% and the greenhouse gas footprint by 43% compared to the linear pattern of polyethylene production. The exergy requirements for producing raw cotton constitute a large fraction of the liabilities, while the polyethylene degradation provides the main asset in the reduction of the Exergy Footprint.

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ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING METHODS

Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series New solutions in modern technologies ◽

10.20998/2413-4295.2021.01.12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 80-89

Author(s):

Evgeniіa Mykhailova ◽

Dmytro Deineka ◽

Hanna Pancheva

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Mechanical Recycling ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Secondary Raw Materials ◽

Plastic Waste Recycling

Methods of plastic waste management, the amount of which is constantly growing due to the high demand for polymer products with high performance properties, are considered. The urgency of the problem is explained by longevity of plastic, which, once in the environment, gradually degrades with the formation of substances dangerous to living organisms. The most common ways of plastic waste management are its storage on specially designated land plots or incineration with / without getting heat. Each of these methods has certain disadvantages, which necessitates the introduction of other measures. Recycling of plastic waste into secondary raw materials, energy or products with certain consumer properties can be the promising method of plastic waste management from ecological and economic points of view. The purpose of this work is to analyze the methods of plastic waste recycling, to establish their advantages and disadvantages, to determine the optimal ways for the disposal of polymeric materials with different properties. Two main groups of polymer recycling methods: physical and chemical, are considered. Physical method includes mechanical recycling, which is based on the physical grinding of plastic waste to obtain secondary raw materials without significant changes in the chemical structure of the material. This process is quite simple in terms of technical design, but requires careful sorting and cleaning of waste, and has limitations on the reuse of recycled material. Chemical recycling takes place through the processes of solvolysis (hydrolysis, glycolysis, alcoholysis) and conversion (pyrolysis, gasification). In this case, the plastic waste decomposes into the original molecules – monomers, from which it is possible to get a polymer product with the same properties. Chemical methods allow disposing of unsorted and contaminated polymeric materials many times without losing their quality. Thus, the introduction of the described methods will reduce the amount of plastic waste, turn them into valuable secondary raw materials and reduce using of natural resources used to obtain primary plastic materials.

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