scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Chemical Recycling Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12854
Author(s):  
Frank Welle
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Food Input

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the main packaging materials for beverage bottles. Even if this polymer is good to recycle, mechanical recycling processes need a well-sorted input fraction. For less-sorted PET packaging, or even non-food input sources, chemical recycling seems to be a solution to increase PET recycling. For post-consumer recyclates in packaging applications, it is essential that the safety of the recyclates is guaranteed, and the consumers’ health protected. For mechanical recycling processes, evaluation criteria are already established. For chemical recycling processes, however, such evaluation criteria are only roughly available. This study evaluated the safety of the chemical recycling process similar to the approach of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). However, due to the lack of information about the contamination level of the input materials for the chemical recycling process, the evaluation was adapted. In addition, the evaluation should be performed separately for the depolymerisation and for the repolymerisation steps. However, due to the high cleaning efficiencies of both steps, the evaluation can focus on the repolymerisation. This simplifies the assessment of the chemical recycling processes considerably.

scholarly journals Shredding of polyethylene terephthalate waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Natalya Fomina ◽  
Vadim Khozin ◽  
Aleksandr Strakhov ◽  
Artur Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Cost

Methods of recycling polyethylene terephthalate waste are analyzed. Thermoplastic waste has great potential for mechanical recycling. Lack of information on the quality of recycled products and their applicability for specific purposes hinders their use. Shredding is a main process in mechanical recycling. Due to the viscoelastic properties, the cost of grinding polymer waste is several times higher than for most brittle mineral materials. Cutting and impact equipment is often used to shred plastic waste. To obtain micron-sized polymer particles, the technologies of cryogenic grinding and wet grinding in solvents are used, which is followed by high operating costs. The purpose of this work was to develop an economical method for producing fine powders from polyethylene terephthalate waste. The specific surface of the powders has been investigated. To investigate the destruction, differential thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used. The technology of secondary mechanical recycling is proposed: crushing, melting of waste, natural or water cooling of the melt, grinding on equipment typical for brittle materials. A dispersed product with a proportion of micronized fraction of about 50% was obtained for use as filler in composites. The resulting product is more degraded in comparison with the feedstock. Therefore, its use as binders is advisable in applications where a decrease in initial properties is permissible, in products with a long lifecycle, for example, in the production of building materials. The use of waste thermoplastic in applications other than the original one does not always reduce the value of the technology.

Safety evaluation of mechanical recycling processes used to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) intended for food contact applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barthélémy ◽  
D. Spyropoulos ◽  
M.-R. Milana ◽  
K. Pfaff ◽  
N. Gontard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Food Contact

scholarly journals Possibility Routes for Textile Recycling Technology

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3834
Author(s):  
Damayanti Damayanti ◽  
Latasya Adelia Wulandari ◽  
Adhanto Bagaskoro ◽  
Aditya Rianjanu ◽  
Ho-Shing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Textile Recycling

The fashion industry contributes to a significant environmental issue due to the increasing production and needs of the industry. The proactive efforts toward developing a more sustainable process via textile recycling has become the preferable solution. This urgent and important need to develop cheap and efficient recycling methods for textile waste has led to the research community’s development of various recycling methods. The textile waste recycling process can be categorized into chemical and mechanical recycling methods. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art regarding different types of textile recycling technologies along with their current challenges and limitations. The critical parameters determining recycling performance are summarized and discussed and focus on the current challenges in mechanical and chemical recycling (pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrothermal, ammonolysis, and glycolysis). Textile waste has been demonstrated to be re-spun into yarn (re-woven or knitted) by spinning carded yarn and mixed shoddy through mechanical recycling. On the other hand, it is difficult to recycle some textiles by means of enzymatic hydrolysis; high product yield has been shown under mild temperatures. Furthermore, the emergence of existing technology such as the internet of things (IoT) being implemented to enable efficient textile waste sorting and identification is also discussed. Moreover, we provide an outlook as to upcoming technological developments that will contribute to facilitating the circular economy, allowing for a more sustainable textile recycling process.

scholarly journals Framework for the Life Cycle Assessment of non-permanent process units in volatile chemical recycling process chains

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Johanna Hagen ◽  
Selin Erkisi-Arici ◽  
Patrick de Wit ◽  
Felipe Cerdas ◽  
Christoph Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Process Chains

The Influence of Recycling On Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer and Glass Fiber Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianran Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Pp Composites

In this paper, high-performance thermotropic liquidcrystalline polymer (TLCP)/polypropylene (PP) and glassfiber (GF)/PP composites were prepared by the injectionmolding process. Mechanical recycling of TLCP/PP andGF/PP composites consisted of grinding of the injectionmolded specimens and further injection molding of thegranules. The influence of mechanical recycling onmechanical and thermal properties was investigated. In situTLCP/PP maintains tensile modulus and strength duringthe recycling process, indicating the regeneration ofpolymeric fibrils at each reprocessing stage. GF/PPcomposite exhibits deterioration of mechanical propertiesafter recycling because of fiber breakage during processing,which is a very common issue on reusing glass or carbonfiber reinforced composites. The experimental resultsreveal that the TLCP/PP composite has better recyclabilitythan GF/PP.

Sorption of organic solvents by packaging materials: polyethylene terephthalate and TOPAS®

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Limam ◽  
L. Tighzert ◽  
F. Fricoteaux ◽  
G. Bureau
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Packaging Materials

scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites: A Patent-Based Analysis

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Beatrice Colombo ◽  
Paolo Gaiardelli ◽  
Stefano Dotti ◽  
Flavio Caretto ◽  
Gaetano Coletta
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Reinforced Plastic

Fiber-reinforced plastic composite materials are increasingly used in many industrial applications, leading to an increase in the amount of waste that must be treated to avoid environmental problems. Currently, the scientific literature classifies existing recycling technologies into three macro-categories: mechanical, thermal, and chemical; however, none are identified as superior to the others. Therefore, scholars and companies struggle to understand where to focus their efforts. Patent analysis, by relying on quantitative data as a precursor to new technological developments, can contribute to fully grasping current applications of each recycling technology and provide insights about their future development perspectives. Based on these premises, this paper performs a patent technology roadmap to enhance knowledge about prior, current, and future use of the main recycling technologies. The results show that recycling macro-categories have different technology maturity levels and growth potentials. Specifically, mechanical recycling is the most mature, with the lowest growth potential, while thermal and chemical recycling are in their growth stage and present remarkable future opportunities. Moreover, the analysis depicts several perspectives for future development on recycling technologies applications within different industries and underline inter- and intra-category dependencies, thus providing valuable information for practitioners and both academic and non-academic backgrounds researchers interested in the topic.

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