scholarly journals Effect of Vinasse Recycling on Effluent Reduction from Distilleries: Case of Metehara Distillery, Ethiopia

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ayele Alemu ◽  
Minale Getachew ◽  
Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed ◽  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Ali Algahtani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Fermentation Efficiency ◽  
Residual Sugar ◽  
Compost Plant ◽  
Dilution Water ◽  
Ethanol Plant

This study was conducted at the ethanol plant of Metehara sugar factory, at a laboratory scale, to assess the effect of recycling vinasse into the fermentation process on effluent reduction. Vinasse is an effluent produced from distilleries. The experimental design included vinasse concentrations at 4 dilution rates (0 (control), 20, 35, 50, and 65% of process water) with 2 replicates and 6 responses, as follows: ethanol yield, fermentation efficiency, residual sugar concentration, cell count, cell viability, and calcium oxide content. In this study, the actual operational parameters of the ethanol plant were maintained during the experiment. The result of the experiment indicates that, with up to 20% vinasse recycling, there was no influential impact on the ethanol yield, the fermentation efficiency, the residual sugar concentration, or the calcium oxide content, attributable to the recycling, as compared to the control. Above 20% vinasse recycling, ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency decreased sharply from those of the control. In addition, with 20% vinasse recycling put into practice, the amount of vinasse generated will be reduced by about 19.5% and about 114.2 tons of water will be saved per day. Moreover, the excess amount of vinasse produced by the distillery, which is beyond the handling capacity of bio-compost plant of the distillery, will reduce from 105 to 36.8 tons per day. Therefore, it is possible to recycle vinasse into the fermenter up to 20% on dilution water of Metehara distillery, without causing any impacts on the distillery’s performance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FLOURIDE TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK GIGI TIRUAN BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH CANGKANG TELUR AYAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Baiq R. S. Yusuf ◽  
Siti Alaa ◽  
Dian W. Kurniawidi ◽  
Susi Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Egg Shells

The fabrication of dentures from the eggshell has been done using the precipitation method. FTIR and AAS tests were carried out to determine the functional groups and calcium oxide content in egg shells. From the AAS results, the CaO value is 58.33% which is much greater than the minimum standard CaO in dentures. Mechanical tests were carried out on dentures treatment with immersion into distilled water and the results were compared if immersion using fluoride toothpaste. It was found that immersion with fluoride toothpaste can increase the elasticity of dentures by more than 100%.

Transformation Behaviors of Mineral Matter in Lignite Ashes under Reducing Atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 676-679
Author(s):  
Feng Hai Li ◽  
Jie Jie Huang ◽  
Yi Tian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Gasification Technology

To optimize operational parameters of fluidized-bed lignite gasification technology. Experiments have been conducted with Huolinhe (HLH) and Xiaolongtan (XLT) lignite ashes to investigate the mineral transformation behaviors under reducing atmosphere by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the initial melted parts are primarily result from wustite interacted other minerals under reducing atmosphere. Wustite can react with aluminosilicate minerals to form some low-melting eutectic compounds, and lead to its initial melting temperature 200 °C below the deformation temperature. Mullite is formed at 1000 °C or so, and its content increases and then decreases with the temperature increase, and reaches maximum at 1200 °C. Gehlenite and anorthite come from the reaction between calcium oxide and mullite. Owing to the generation of some gases during mineral transformation under weak reducing atmosphere, many holes are formed on the surface of molten ash.

The Use of FBC Fly Ash in the Preparation of Portland Cement Clinker

2016 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Karel Kulísek ◽  
Dominik Gazdič ◽  
Karel Dvořák ◽  
Marcela Fridrichová
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fbc Fly Ash

The present work focuses on the use of fluid fly ash for Portland clinker burning. Fluid ashes are carriers of all basic oxides represented in the cement raw meal. However, while the share of hydraulic oxides is in ashes sufficient, there is a significant deficiency in calcium oxide content. Preliminary studies have shown that the combination thereof with calcite as the second essential component of the fluid fly-ashes for the raw material based on Portland clinker burning application, it is necessary to solve a problematic issues. The first one concerns the potential leakage SOx resulting from decomposition of CaSO4 ash into the atmosphere. The second circumstance is the correction tracks raw meal in order to redistribute in the samples prepared under the initial studies, the obtained clinker minerals content in favor of calcium silicate, of them further in favor of alite. The last issue is the evaluation of the impact of fluid utilization of fly ash as a partial raw material bases for reducing CO2 emissions in the Portland clinker burning.

scholarly journals Cane Yield and Juice Volume Determine Ethanol Yield in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice K. Rono ◽  
Erick K. Cheruiyot ◽  
Jacktone O. Othira ◽  
Virginia W. Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Sorghum was harvested at hard dough stage of grain development and evaluated for several stem juice production traits including plant height, cane yield, juice volume, degrees Brix, total, reducing, and non-reducing sugars, and ethanol yield via juice fermentation. Analyses of variance using SAS version 9.1 showed a significant effect of genotype for morphological characters and ethanol yield. Genotype EUSS10 produced the greatest cane (27.4 T/ha) and juice yield (7806.7 L/ha) whereas ACFC003/12 recorded the greatest ethanol yield (423.1 L/ha). At all sites, EUSS10 had the greatest plant height and days to 50% heading whereas SS04 had the greatest Brix and total sugar concentration. The greatest grain yield and non-reducing sugar concentration was produced by SS17 and SS21, respectively. Results of this study show that though Brix and total sugars are desirable for ethanol yield, cane yield, and juice volume of sweet sorghum determines the ultimate volume of ethanol produced.

scholarly journals Effects of Fermentation Duration on Bio-Ethanol Yield from Cell Sap of Selected Palm Species in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Omotosho ◽  
Anthony Amori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Fermentation Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Palm Species

It is believed that feedstock for biofuel production should not constitute any form of competition in terms of food security, therefore the study considered the bioethanol potential comparison of a particular breed of palm commonly referred to as nypa palm (Nypa fruticana) which is usually of environmental concern in mangrove vegetation zones with two other species namely the raphia palm (Raphia hookeria) and oil palm (Ealasis guinesis) which are considered as having economic value. A catalysed fermentation process was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae over a periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hrs at room temperature. At peak production the bioethanol from Nypa palm specie had 38.6 and 37.9% more ethanol concentration than the oil and raffia palms respectively. The biomas concentration in the nypa palm sap sample after the fermentation period were about 26.7 and 29.5%  higher than what was obtainable in the oil and raffia palms.  The fermentation efficiency for the three samples was observed to be 90.2, 84.5 and 87.3% for nypa, oil and raffia palms respectively. It can be concluded from results obtained that nypa palm offered the highest bioethanol production potential, thus could offer a good source of non-competitive feedstock for renewable energy production in Nigeria where the plant is usually viewed as an environmental nuisance and in some extreme cases maritime hazard.Keywords— Alcoholmeter, Bioethanol, Fermentation Efficiency, Feed Stock, Nypa Palm

Immobilization of Calcium Oxide Absorbent on a Fibrous Alumina Mat for High Temperature Carbon Dioixde Capture

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Su Lee ◽  
D. Yogi Goswami ◽  
Nikhil Kothurkar ◽  
Elias K. Stefanakos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Cyclic Operation ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission from its sources must be reduced to decrease the threat of global warming. Calcium oxide is considered as an effective carbon dioxide absorbent in biomass or coal gasification process as well as conventional power plants. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate which can be decomposed into the original oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature by calcination. In order to make this method practical for the carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, the performance of the calcium oxide absorbent must be maintained over a large number of carbonation/calcination cycles. For this reason, loss in the surface area of the absorbent due to pore plugging and sintering of particles in cyclic operation must be avoided. To prevent or minimize this problem, a simple and effective procedure for immobilization of calcium oxide on a fibrous alumina mat was developed in this study. The prepared samples were observed by SEM and the cyclic performance of the calcium oxide absorbent was evaluated by TGA experiments and compared to the previous studies in literature. 75% and 62% maximum carbonation conversions of the prepared absorbents with 23 wt % and 55 wt % calcium oxide content were achieved respectively and remained stable even after ten cycles whereas conversion in the literature data dropped steeply with the number of cycles.

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