Effects of Fermentation Duration on Bio-Ethanol Yield from Cell Sap of Selected Palm Species in Nigeria

It is believed that feedstock for biofuel production should not constitute any form of competition in terms of food security, therefore the study considered the bioethanol potential comparison of a particular breed of palm commonly referred to as nypa palm (Nypa fruticana) which is usually of environmental concern in mangrove vegetation zones with two other species namely the raphia palm (Raphia hookeria) and oil palm (Ealasis guinesis) which are considered as having economic value. A catalysed fermentation process was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae over a periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hrs at room temperature. At peak production the bioethanol from Nypa palm specie had 38.6 and 37.9% more ethanol concentration than the oil and raffia palms respectively. The biomas concentration in the nypa palm sap sample after the fermentation period were about 26.7 and 29.5% higher than what was obtainable in the oil and raffia palms. The fermentation efficiency for the three samples was observed to be 90.2, 84.5 and 87.3% for nypa, oil and raffia palms respectively. It can be concluded from results obtained that nypa palm offered the highest bioethanol production potential, thus could offer a good source of non-competitive feedstock for renewable energy production in Nigeria where the plant is usually viewed as an environmental nuisance and in some extreme cases maritime hazard.Keywords— Alcoholmeter, Bioethanol, Fermentation Efficiency, Feed Stock, Nypa Palm

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Production of Methane, Hydrogen and Ethanol from Secale cereale L. Straw Pretreated with Sulfuric Acid

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25041013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jarosław Domański ◽

Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk ◽

Weronika Cieciura-Włoch ◽

Piotr Patelski ◽

Urszula Dziekońska-Kubczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Enzyme Treatment ◽

Electricity Production ◽

The European Union ◽

Rye Straw ◽

Secale Cereale L

The study describes sulfuric acid pretreatment of straw from Secale cereale L. (rye straw) to evaluate the effect of acid concentration and treatment time on the efficiency of biofuel production. The highest ethanol yield occurred after the enzyme treatment at a dose of 15 filter paper unit (FPU) per gram of rye straw (subjected to chemical hydrolysis with 2% sulfuric acid (SA) at 121 °C for 1 h) during 120 h. Anaerobic digestion of rye straw treated with 10% SA at 121 °C during 1 h allowed to obtain 347.42 L methane/kg volatile solids (VS). Most hydrogen was released during dark fermentation of rye straw after pretreatment of 2% SA, 121 °C, 1 h and 1% SA, 121 °C, 2 h—131.99 and 134.71 L hydrogen/kg VS, respectively. If the rye straw produced in the European Union were processed into methane, hydrogen, ethanol, the annual electricity production in 2018 could reach 9.87 TWh (terawatt-hours), 1.16 TWh, and 0.60 TWh, respectively.

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Effects of Ultrasound on Fermentation of Glucose to Ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation5010016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luis Huezo ◽

Ajay Shah ◽

Frederick Michel

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Mass Transfer ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Intraparticle Mass Transfer ◽

Improve Mass Transfer

Previous studies have shown that pretreatment of corn slurries using ultrasound improves starch release and ethanol yield during biofuel production. However, studies on its effects on the mass transfer of substrates and products during fermentation have shown that it can have both beneficial and inhibitory effects. In this study, the effects of ultrasound on mass transfer limitations during fermentation were examined. Calculation of the external and intraparticle observable moduli under a range of conditions indicate that no external or intraparticle mass transfer limitations should exist for the mass transfer of glucose, ethanol, or carbon dioxide. Fermentations of glucose to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae were conducted at different ultrasound intensities to examine its effects on glucose uptake, ethanol production, and yeast population and viability. Four treatments were compared: direct ultrasound at intensities of 23 and 32 W/L, indirect ultrasound (1.4 W/L), and no-ultrasound. Direct and indirect ultrasound had negative effects on yeast performance and viability, and reduced the rates of glucose uptake and ethanol production. These results indicate that ultrasound during fermentation, at the levels applied, is inhibitory and not expected to improve mass transfer limitations.

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Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2282

Author(s):

Sanjeet Mehariya ◽

Rahul Kumar Goswami ◽

Pradeep Verma ◽

Roberto Lavecchia ◽

Antonio Zuorro

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Production ◽

Effective Means ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

World Population ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Valuable Compounds

The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and their main characteristics and limitations are discussed. Then, the technologies available for converting the biomass produced during wastewater treatment into biofuel are critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges and research directions for biofuel production and wastewater treatment through this approach are outlined.

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Fauna diversity, production potential and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Rochadi Kristiningrum ◽

Abubakar M. Lahjie ◽

MASJAYA ◽

SYAHRIR YUSUF ◽

YOSEP RUSLIM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Use Value ◽

Production Potential ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Existence Value ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Mangrove Ecosystems ◽

Total Economic Value ◽

Direct Use

Abstract. Kristiningrum R, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y, Ma’ruf A. 2020. Fauna diversity, production potential and total economic value of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1940-1953. Mangroves play important role in life. The benefits of the mangrove ecosystem consist of ecological and socio-economic values. However, it is a challenge to discern how the mangrove ecosystem provides a comprehensive economic value. This research is aimed to analyze the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove ecosystems in Mentawir Village, North Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. This aim will be achieved by conducting fauna inventory, analysis of mangrove wood production potential, social-economic interviews, and infrastructure cost analysis as the inputs to calculate four elements (i.e. Direct Use Value, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, and Existence Value) to sum up the TEV. The research used a mixed-method combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. Fauna inventory was conducted using boat survey method and interviews with local fishermen. Data on mangrove wood production was obtained using the systematic random sampling method by establishing two plots with an area of one hectare for each plot to calculate mean annual increment (MAI) and current annual increment (CAI). The economic value of the mangrove ecosystem was calculated using market price values, replacement costs, and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results of fauna inventory consisted of 3 species of mammals, 1 species of reptile, 16 species of birds, 25 types of fish, 8 species of crustaceans, and 7 species of mollusks. The economic valuation resulted in the contribution of direct use value with 39.56% in the form of wood (94,875,000,000 IDR) and fishery products (103,500,000,000 IDR); indirect use value with 53.47% in the form of breakwater (38,028,881,407 IDR), abrasion resistance (218,549,528,110 IDR), and carbon sequestration (11,580,313,067); option value with 6.92% in the form of biodiversity (34,690,085,038 IDR); and existence value with 0.05% (241,500,000 IDR). All these resulted in the total economic value (TEV) of the mangrove ecosystem in Mentawir Village of 501,465,307,621 IDR. Therefore, this value can be the basis for policymakers in managing natural resources so that the ecosystem is more protected and sustainable, and can continue to provide environmental services for the welfare of the community.

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Mycoflora and Incidence of Aflatoxin in Wheat Seeds from Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Science Journal of University of Zakho ◽

10.25271/sjuoz.2018.6.3.505 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 78-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lina F. Bazyani ◽

Asia A.M. Saadullah

Keyword(s):

Aflatoxin Production ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Elisa Method ◽

Production Potential ◽

Potential Production ◽

Three Samples ◽

Identification Of Fungi ◽

Different Sources ◽

Isolated Species

Identification of fungi that contaminated wheat grains and their aflatoxins production were investigated in Thirty-three samples collected from different sources in Duhok province, Kurdistan region of Iraq during 2014-2015. In this study a total of twenty-five species belonged to 12 genera was isolated and identified on DRBC, MEA and PDA media. Nine distinct species were identified within Aspergillus which revealed highest diversity among all isolated genera. Followed by five species of Penicillium.Alternariacame after which showed only two species. Two teleomorphic ascomycota Emericella, and Eurotiumwere recorded. The results showed that A. nigerand A. flavuswere the most isolated species. Aflatoxin production potential detected by A. flavusand A. parasiticus were screened using ELISA method. Aflatoxin potential detected in culture of Aspergillus flavus isolates was ranged from 57 to 310 ppb, while, the potential production aflatoxin for A. parasiticus isolates were ranged from 189 – 450 part per billion.

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A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF FOUR PALM SPECIES: ARENGA AUSTRALASICA, CALAMUS AUSTRALIS, HYDRI- ASTELE WENDLANDIANA AND LICUALA RAMSAYI

REINWARDTIA ◽

10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.421 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 237

Author(s):

Dian Latifah ◽

Robert A. Congdon ◽

Joseph A. Holtum

Keyword(s):

Economic Value ◽

Red Light ◽

Tropical Rainforests ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Marginal Lands ◽

Hard Seed ◽

Palm Species ◽

Physiological Approach ◽

Physical Treatments ◽

Seed Coats

Palms (Arecaceae) are an important component of many tropical rainforests. Many have also been cultivated widely for agricultural commodities with high economic value. They are also important components in rehabilitation of disturbed or marginal lands. Knowledge and application of germination strategies are essential in the cultivation of palms. Many species have seeds that do not germinate readily, even when light conditions are favourable. This research determined the effects of seed coats, light and temperature on germination of Arenga australasica (H. Wendl. & Drude) S. T. Blake ex H. E. Moore, Calamus australis Mart., Hydriastele wendlandiana (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude and Licuala ramsayi var. tuckeri Barford & Dowe. We examined physical treatments to promote germination or break dormancy, as well as different light and temperature conditions. The results showed that the hard seed coats of the four species slowed imbibition. Scarified seeds germinated best for A. australasica, C. australis and L. ramsayi. The germination of all seeds was inhibited by far red light. The red light requirement suggests that these species prefer to colonise open areas. This implies that dispersal agents, canopy gaps and forest margins may play important roles in promoting regeneration as well as conservation of these palm species.

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The role of beekeeping in production of oil crops

Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce ◽

10.19041/apstract/2013/4-5/10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (4-5) ◽

pp. 77-82

Author(s):

Andor Kovács

Keyword(s):

Sunflower Oil ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Energy Production ◽

Food Industry ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Production Structure ◽

Ecological Role ◽

Winter Rape ◽

Oil Crops

Production of sunflower oil are expected to serve larger and larger extent – over the demand of food industry and chemical industry – biofuel production. This could be especially true for that areas where climate is not allowed to grow winter rape safely and economically. Ecological role of honey-bees can be considered undoubtful in preservation of biodiversity of flora and fauna. I analyse the following problems in our study: • What is the significance of oil plants in European and Hungarian energy production? • How influence pollination the yields and the safety of production of oil plants? • What is the role of oil plants in the development of production structure of beekeeping? • What are the economical advantages of the above-mentioned effects?

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Expression of serpins by Clostridium thermocellum and simultaneous saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to enhance ethanol production

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.8662-8676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 8662-8676

Author(s):

Maria Mushtaq ◽

Muhammad Javaid Asad ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder ◽

Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi ◽

Saad Imran Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Clostridium Thermocellum ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Yeast Fermentation ◽

Second Generation Bioethanol ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

Utilization of biomass for production of second generation bioethanol was considered as a way to reduce burdens of fossil fuel in Pakistan. The materials wheat straw, rice straw, cotton stalk, corn stover, and peel wastes were used in this experiment. Various parameters, such as acidic and alkali pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases, and effect of proteases inhibitors on ethanol production, were examined. Fermentation was completed by the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium thermocellum separately, and their ethanol production were compared and maximum ethanol yield was obtained with wheat straw i.e.,11.3 g/L by S. cerevisiae and 8.5 g/L by C. thermocellum. Results indicated that a higher quantity of sugar was obtained from wheat straw (19.6 ± 1.6 g/L) followed by rice straw (17.6 ± 0.6 g/L) and corn stover (16.1 ± 0.9 g/L) compared to the other evaluated biomass samples. A higher yield of ethanol (11.3 g/L) was observed when a glucose concentration of 21.7 g/L was used, for which yeast fermentation efficiency was 92%. Results also revealed the increased in ethanol production (93%) by using celluases in combination with recombinant Serine protease inhibitors from C. thermocellum. It is expected that the use of recombinant serpins with cellulases will play a major role in the biofuel production by using agricultural biomass. This will also help in the economics of the biofuel.

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