scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Nigerian Oil Palm Biomass with Sachet-Water Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Production of Biofuel

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bello Salman ◽  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽  
Arshad Adam Salema ◽  
Revathy Sankaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Sachet Water

Nigeria, being the world’s largest importer of diesel-powered gen-sets, is expected to invest in bio-fuels in the future. Hence, it is important to examine the thermal properties and synergy of wastes for potential downstream resource utilization. In this study, thermal conversion as a route to reduce the exploding volume of wastes from sachet-water plastic (SWP) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biomass was studied. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and subsequent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for the analysis. The effect of heating rate at 20 °C min−1 causes the increase of activation energy of the decomposition in the first-stage across all the blends (0.96 and 16.29 kJ mol−1). A similar phenomenon was seen when the heating rate was increased from 10 to 20 °C min−1 in the second-stage of decomposition. Overall, based on this study on the synergistic effects during the process, it can be deduced that co-pyrolysis can be an effective waste for energy platform.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Co-Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch and Silantek Coal Under Inert Atmosphere Using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Syazmimi Hamzah ◽  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Norazah Abd Rahman ◽  
Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar ◽  
Sharmeela Matali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Agricultural residues have been traditionally used as energy resources for many years. In light of current environmental and fossil fuel supplies for energy applications, agricultural residues are regarded as sustainable supplies for energy production. However, the suitability to be renewable fuel and as a co-fuel in coal combustion facilities has to be investigated. A thermal analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the blending and heating rate of the thermal behavior of Malaysian bituminous coal (Silantek), oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunch), and their blends using thermogravimetric analysis. The investigation was done in an inert atmosphere at the heating rate of 10, 20, and 40°C/min. Characteristics including proximate, ultimate, and calorific analyses were also examined. Six different mass ratios were selected from both samples to study the effect of blending of the two materials. The results showed that thermal degradation of empty fruit bunch (EFB) occurred in three stages while Silantek coal (SC) only involved two regions due to their different fuel properties. The blending of both SC/EFB did not follow their individual samples, which showed non-additive behavior suggesting that there is an interaction between coal and biomass. The outcome of this research provides insight on the behavior of Malaysian bituminous coal and oil palm biomass, which enhances knowledge for the future of energy generation.

scholarly journals Thermogravimetric and Kinetic Analyses of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Pellets Using the Distributed Activation Energy Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Distributed Activation Energy Model

scholarly journals Investigation of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of oil-palm solid waste by using Coats–Redfern method

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-309
Author(s):  
Fredy Surahmanto ◽  
Harwin Saptoadi ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Tri A Rohmat
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The pyrolysis kinetics of oil-palm solid waste was investigated by performing experiments on its individual components, including empty fruit bunch, fibre, shell, as well as the blends by using a simultaneous thermogravimetric analyser at a heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere and setting up from initial temperature of 30°C to a final temperature of 550°C. The results revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor values of empty fruit bunch, fibre, and shell are 7.58–63.25 kJ/mol and 8.045E-02–4.054E + 04 s−1, 10.45–50.76 kJ/mol and 3.639E-01–5.129E + 03 s−1, 9.46–55.64 kJ/mol and 2.753E-01–9.268E + 03, respectively. Whereas, the corresponding values for empty fruit bunch–fibre, empty fruit bunch–shell, fibre–shell, empty fruit bunch–fibre–shell are 2.97–38.35 kJ/mol and 1.123E-02–1.326E + 02 s−1, 7.95–40.12 kJ/mol and 9.26E-02–2.101E + 02 s−1, 9.14–50.17 kJ/mol and 1.249E-01–2.25E + 03 s−1, 8.35–45.69 kJ/mol and 1.344E + 01–4.23E + 05 s−1, respectively. It was found that the activation energy and frequency factor values of the blends were dominantly due to the role of the components with a synergistic effect occurred during pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Adsorptive characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbons for dye removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Abdul Haris Ali
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Microwave Dielectric Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Microwave Dielectric

The present study was aimed to evaluate the adsorptive characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) prepared by microwave-assisted potassium hydroxide activation at 300 W and 800 W for 5 min. The resultant products were characterized for dielectric properties, BET specific surface area, surface functional groups and methylene blue adsorption. Results show that the microwave-assisted activation yields activated carbons with surface area of 695 m2/g and 1339 m2/g for heating rates (microwave irradiation power) of 300 W and 800 W, respectively and both exhibit more than 95% removal of methylene blue at concentrations higher than 100 mg/L. The dielectric properties revealed a better propensity of activated carbons towards microwave heating especially at a higher heating rate due to high surface area, and possibly high moisture content and carbon content. A greater heating rate or microwave power could turn EFB into activated carbon with a higher surface area and excellent adsorptive properties for pollution abatement.

scholarly journals Kinetic analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pellets as feedstock for pyrolysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Kinetics Of

The thermal behaviour and decomposition kinetics of pelletized oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was investigated in this study using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OPEFB pellets were heated from room temperature to 1000 ºC at different heating rates; 5, 10 and 20 °C min-1 under inert atmosphere. Thermal degradation occurred in three steps; drying, devolatization and char decomposition. Subsequently, the Popescu method was applied to the TG/DTG data to determine the kinetic parameters of the OPEFB pellets. The activation energy, E, for different degrees of conversion, α = 0.05 to 0.7 are 36.60 kJ/mol to 233.90 kJ/mol with high correlation R2 values. In addition, the drying and decomposition of lignin reactions displayed lower E values compared to the devolatization characterized by high E value of 233 kJ/mol at α = 0.2. This indicates that the devolatization process is slower and requires higher energy requirement to reach completion than the other stages of thermal decomposition of the fuel under inert atmosphere. Keywords: decomposition, kinetics, oil palm, empty fruit bunch, pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradability Properties of Bioplastic Fertilizer Composites Made of Oil Palm Biomass, Fertilizer, and Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Harmaen ◽  
A. Khalina ◽  
H. Mohd Ali ◽  
I. Nor Azowa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Slow-release bioplastic fertilizer (BpF) composites were developed by processing oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), fertilizer, and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBv) using extrusion techniques with controlled formulation and temperature. The temperature was kept at 150°C for 3 to 5 min during processing using twin-screw extruder. The PHBv lost weight gradually with the increasing temperature and its thermal degradation occurred initially at 263.4°C and reached the maximum at 300.7°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the bonding of all composites created small gaps between matrices polymer and fiber because the hydrophilic characteristic of EFB fibers weakened the interfacial bonding. PHBv/EFB/NPKC2 showed faster biodegradation over PHBv/NPKC1 and PHBv/NPKC2, which was 99.35% compared to 68.66% and 90.28%, respectively.

Kinetic Study of PVC Pyrolysis in Air by Thermogravimetric Analysis Using the Friedman Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Han ◽  
Yu Long Wu ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Ming De Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Friedman Method

The thermal degradation of PVC in air ambience was investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experiments were carried out at different heating rate of 5, 10, 20 and 40°C/min, respectively. The activation energy was calculated by the Friedman method. The pyrolysis mechanism of PVC in air was discussed and compared with that in Nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis process of PVC in air could be divided into two main stages: 200 °C ~ 380 °C and 400 °C ~ 600 °C, which obtained by TGA at the heating rate of 5°C/min. The second stage could be further subdivided into two parts by 465 °C. It can be concluded that the oxygen in air affected the second stage more obviously than that of the first one, in comparison with inert atmosphere. The activation energy of the second stage was still larger than the first stage.

Bio-Oil Production under Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Kernel Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Two types of Malaysian oil palm biomass; namely Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are liquefied using sub-and supercritical water to produce bio-oil. Effects of temperatures (360, 390 and 450 °C) and pressures (25, 30 and 35 MPa) of the liquefaction of biomass on the bio-oil yields are investigated. The optimum liquefaction conditions for EFB and PKS using water are at supercritical conditions. PKS which consists of higher lignin content yields maximum bio-oil of about 41.3 wt % at temperature of 450 °C and the bio-oil yield from EFB is about 37.4 wt % at temperature of 390 °C.

scholarly journals A review on sustainability and quality of biochar production from oil palm biomass in Malaysia using thermal conversion technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Mustakimah Mohamed ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fiber (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS), oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm frond (OPF) are the common solid lignocellulosic biomass generated from oil palm industries. A palm oil plantation was estimated to generate 36.5 ton of dry biomass in each hectare every year which suggesting the abundancy of these wastes. Feedstock feasibility and common properties as a carbon-rich material, have initiated an interest to utilize these biomass for biochar production. This paper provides a review on the developed thermal conversion technologies to synthesize biochar from oil palm biomass and includes the respective product quality such as carbon contents, yield and other physicochemical properties. The sustainability of oil palm biomass as the feedstock for biochar production in Malaysia were also described by providing the overview on biomass availability, biomass industry value chain and respective characteristics. Determining appropriate type of biomass and applying effective type of thermal conversion technologies produce biochar with good physicochemical qualities. This review observed that lignin in biomass contributes significantly to biochar production and slow pyrolysis technique is a promising technology to yield a good quality of biochar.

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