scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Using a Sequential Deacetylation, Hot Water and Disk-Refining Pretreatment

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng ◽  
Wang ◽  
Dien ◽  
Slininger ◽  
Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Solids Loading ◽  
New Process ◽  
Minimum Ethanol Selling Price ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

A new process for conversion of sugarcane bagasse to ethanol was analyzed for production costs and energy consumption using experimental results. The process includes a sequential three-stage deacetylation, hot water, and disk-refining pretreatment and a commercial glucose-xylose fermenting S. cerevisiae strain. The simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SScF) step used was investigated at two solids loadings: 10% and 16% w/w. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the major operating parameters. The minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) varied between $4.91and $4.52/gal ethanol. The higher SScF solids loading (16%) reduced the total operating, utilities, and production costs by 9.5%, 15.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. Other important factors in determining selling price were costs for fermentation medium and enzymes (e.g. cellulases). Hence, these findings support operating at high solids and producing enzymes onsite as strategies to minimize MESP.

scholarly journals Net Energy Analysis and Techno-Economic Assessment of Co-Production of Bioethanol and Biogas from Cellulosic Biomass

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Teeraya Jarunglumlert ◽  
Chattip Prommuak
Keyword(s):  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Minimum Ethanol Selling Price ◽  
Economic Studies

Co-production is a process based on the biorefinery concept that maximizes the benefit of biomass by reusing residue from the production of one product to produce others. In this regard, biogas is one of the most researched second products for the production of ethanol from cellulosic biomass. However, operating this scheme requires additional investment in biogas processing equipment. This review compiles data from research studies on the co-production of bioethanol and biogas from lignocellulosic biomass to determine which is more worthwhile: leaving the residue or investing more to benefit from the second product. According to previous research, ethanol stillage can be converted to biogas via anaerobic digestion, increasing energy output by 2–3 fold. Techno-economic studies demonstrated that the co-production process reduces the minimum ethanol selling price to a level close to the market price of ethanol, implying the possibility of industrializing cellulosic ethanol production through this scheme.

scholarly journals Cost and Environmental Benefits of Using Pelleted Corn Stover for Bioethanol Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Ramsharan Pandey ◽  
Nurun Nahar ◽  
Scott W. Pryor ◽  
Ghasideh Pourhashem
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Minimum Ethanol Selling Price

While the production costs and logistical benefits of biomass pelleting have been widely discussed in the literature, the downstream economic and environmental benefits of processing pelleted biomass have been largely neglected. To investigate those benefits, we performed a comparative techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of producing ethanol using loose and pelleted forms of biomass. Analyses of a 2000 metric tons (dry)/d biorefinery showed that using pelleted biomass is more economical than using loose or baled biomass. The lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) for pelleted biomass was USD 0.58/gal less than the lowest MESP for loose biomass. Among all processing conditions analyzed, MESP for ethanol produced with pelleted biomass was always lower than when produced with loose biomass. Shorter pretreatment and hydrolysis times, higher pretreatment solids loadings, lower ammonia requirements, and reduced enzyme loadings were the primary factors contributing to lower MESP with pelleted biomass. Similarly, pelleted biomass also demonstrated a 50% lower life cycle greenhouse gas emission compared to loose biomass. Emissions from higher pelleting energy were offset by downstream advantage in lower chemical needs.

scholarly journals Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
Nerve Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractBioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.

scholarly journals Transforming biorefinery designs with ‘Plug-In Processes of Lignin’ to enable economic waste valorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hua Liu ◽  
Naijia Hao ◽  
Yun-Yan Wang ◽  
Chang Dou ◽  
Furong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Waste Valorization ◽  
Lignin Valorization ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
Total Capital

AbstractBiological lignin valorization has emerged as a major solution for sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, current biorefineries yield lignin with inadequate fractionation for bioconversion, yet substantial changes of these biorefinery designs to focus on lignin could jeopardize carbohydrate efficiency and increase capital costs. We resolve the dilemma by designing ‘plug-in processes of lignin’ with the integration of leading pretreatment technologies. Substantial improvement of lignin bioconversion and synergistic enhancement of carbohydrate processing are achieved by solubilizing lignin via lowering molecular weight and increasing hydrophilic groups, addressing the dilemma of lignin- or carbohydrate-first scenarios. The plug-in processes of lignin could enable minimum polyhydroxyalkanoate selling price at as low as $6.18/kg. The results highlight the potential to achieve commercial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a co-product of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we show that the plug-in processes of lignin could transform biorefinery design toward sustainability by promoting carbon efficiency and optimizing the total capital cost.

scholarly journals Lignocellulose pretreatment technologies affect the level of enzymatic cellulose oxidation by LPMO

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2896-2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Fabiola Rodríguez-Zúñiga ◽  
David Cannella ◽  
Roberto de Campos Giordano ◽  
Raquel de Lima Camargo Giordano ◽  
Henning Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Cellulose Oxidation ◽  
Available Resources

Sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, and wheat straw are among the most available resources for the production of cellulosic ethanol.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

scholarly journals Optimization of Metal Ions in Sugarcane Bagasse Fermenting Medium for the Production of Streptokinase by Streptococcus equisimilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Cost

Streptokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme and a product of β-hemolytic Streptococci strains. This enzyme is used as a medication to break down clots in some cases of heart disease. Streptococcus equisimilis, a species of group C Streptococci, is widely used for the production of streptokinase by fermentation technology. In this study, the sugarcane bagasse fermentation medium was optimized for metal ions (KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, CaCO3 and NaHCO3) at various levels to attain the maximal production of streptokinase. Sugarcane bagasse was used due to its profuse availability and as an ideal substrate for microbial processes for the manufacturing of value-added products. The results showed that maximal streptokinase production was found at 0.04% KH2PO4, 0.04% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.15% NaHCO3 and 0.04% CaCO3. Finally, the optimized medium resulted in 84.75 U/mg specific activity and 74.5% recovery. The purification process was carried out simultaneously using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Finally, a purified sample of streptokinase was run on SDS-PAGE and resolute 47 kDa molecular weight. The use of β-hemolytic Streptococci to obtain streptokinase is not free from health risks and is related to anaphylaxis. This study provides a way forward for the cost-effective ways to obtain streptokinase for the treatment of thrombosis.

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