scholarly journals Application of Alum Sludge in Wastewater Treatment Processes: “Science” of Reuse and Reclamation Pathways

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Huina Xie ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Yaqian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
A Value ◽  
Beneficial Reuse ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

Alum sludge (AlS) refers to the inevitable by-product generated during the drinking water purification process, where Al-salt is used as a coagulant in the water industry. It has long been treated as “waste”, while landfill is its major final disposal destination. In fact, AlS is an underutilized material with huge potential for beneficial reuse as a raw material in various wastewater treatment processes. In the last two decades, intensive studies have been conducted worldwide to explore the “science” and practical application of AlS. This paper focuses on the recent developments in the use of AlS that show its strong potential for reuse in wastewater treatment processes. In particular, the review covers the key “science” of the nature and mechanisms of AlS, revealing why AlS has the potential to be a value-added material. In addition, the future focus of research towards the widespread application of AlS as a raw material/product in commercial markets is suggested, which expands the scope for AlS research and development.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DAN NILAI TAMBAH PRODUK MANISAN PADA AGROINDUSTRI REZEKI MORO DI DESA PESUCEN KECAMATAN KALIPURO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Inkatama Kharismawanti ◽  
Djoko Soejono
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
A Value

<p><em>Candied fruit is one of the processed foods which favored by many people. One of the sweets agro-industry that exists in Pesucen, Kalipuro, Banyuwangi is Rezeki Moro agro-industry. This study aimed to find out: 1) the stock level of raw materials of candid fruit in Rezeki Moro agro-industry, 2) the optimal time to reorder raw materials, and 3) the amount of added value of fruit after being processed into candied fruit. The data analysis used was the analysis of raw materials availability using EOQ and ROP methods and value-added. The result of the study showed that  the need for raw material such as nutmeg was 30 kilograms, while the number of economical orders with the EOQ method was 73 kilograms. The need for tamarind was 25 kilograms, while the number of economical orders with the EOQ method was 32 kilograms, also the need for ceremai (Phyllantus acidus) was 50 kilograms while the number of economical orders with the EOQ method was 60 kilograms. The level of reordering of raw materials from all sweets product in Rezeki Moro agro-industry was efficient since the ROP point was smaller than the EOQ point. The processing of candied nutmeg provided an added value of Rp. 9,848.00 (39.39%). The added value of processing candied tamarind is Rp. 17,468.00 (46%). Furthermore, the processing of candied ceremai has added value Rp. 12,548.00 with a value-added ratio of 43.5%.</em></p><p> </p><p>Manisan buah adalah salah satu bentuk makanan olahan yang banyak disukai oleh masyarakat. Salah satu Agroindustri manisan yang ada di Desa Pesucen Kecamatan Kalipuro Kabupaten Banyuwangi adalah Agroindustri Rezeki Moro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) tingkat persediaan bahan baku manisan buah pada agroindustri manisan Rezeki Moro, (2) waktu optimal pemesanan kembali bahan baku (3) besarnya nilai tambah buah setelah dijadikan manisan buah. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ketersediaan bahan baku dengan metode EOQ dan ROP serta nilai tambah. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan bahan baku pala adalah sebesar 30 kilogram sedangkan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis dengan metode EOQ adalah sebesar 73 kilogram. Kebutuhan bahan baku asem adalah sebesar 25 kilogram sedangkan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis dengan metode EOQ adalah sebesar 32 kilogram, begitu juga dengan Kebutuhan bahan baku ceremai adalah sebesar 50 kilogram sedangkan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis dengan metode EOQ adalah sebesar  60 kilogram. Tingkat pemesanan kembali bahan baku dari semua produk manisan pada Agroindustri Manisan Buah Rezeki Moro adalah efisien, dikarenakan nilai ROP lebih kecil daripada nilai EOQ. Pengolahan manisan pala memberikan nilai tambah sebesar Rp. 98,48,00 (39,39%). Nilai tambah pengolahan manisan asem sebesar Rp. 17.468,00 (46%). Selain itu, pengolahan manisan ceremai memiliki nilai tambah sebesar Rp. 12.548,00 (43,5%).</p>

Synthesis of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes: A Mini-Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Rocha Gouveia ◽  
Cleber Lucius da Costa ◽  
Lara Basílio Tavares ◽  
Demetrio Jackson dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
A Value ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Direct Incorporation

Lignin is a natural polymer composed primarily of phenylpropanoid structures with an abundance of reactive groups: aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyls, phenols, and carbonyls. Considering the large quantity of hydroxyl groups, lignin has significant potential as a replacement for petroleum-based polyols in polyurethane (PU) synthesis and as a value-added, renewable raw material for this purpose. Several methods of lignin-based polyurethane synthesis are reviewed in this paper for reactive and thermoplastic systems: direct lignin incorporation, chemical lignin modification and depolymerization. Despite the unmodified lignin low reactivity towards diisocyanates, its direct incorporation as polyol generates highly brittle PUs, but with proper performance when applied as adhesive for wood. PU brittleness can be reduced employing polyols obtained from lignin/chain extender blends, in which glass transition temperature (Tg), mechanical properties and PU homogeneity are strongly affected by lignin content. The potential applications of lignin can be enhanced by lignin chemical modifications, including oxyalkylation and depolymerization, improving polyurethanes properties. Another PU category, lignin- based thermoplastic polyurethane (LTPU) synthesis, emerges as a sustainable alternative and is also presented in this work.

scholarly journals Bamboo particleboards: recent developments

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gauss ◽  
Victor De Araujo ◽  
Maristela Gava ◽  
Juliana Cortez-Barbosa ◽  
Holmer Savastano Junior
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Durable Products ◽  
Dimensional Variation ◽  
Support Research ◽  
Value Added Products

ABSTRACT Due to the high dimensional variation of bamboo, the manufacturing of materials such as plywood and laminated bamboo produces a high amount of residues. The production of particleboards could be used to overcome this problem and become a viable solution to reuse the generated waste as a raw material to high value-added products. This study aimed to present an overview of the bamboo particleboard production, as well as the mechanical and physical properties of this material, followed by a review of the advances in its research and development. In general, independently of the resin or bamboo species utilization, several bamboo particleboards meet the mechanical properties requirements of international standards for wood-based medium-density particleboards. The main focus of this study is to provide a review, in order to support research groups interested in using new bamboo-based materials for the development of manufactured durable products.

General Agreement on Trariffs and Trade

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-517
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New Records ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
A Value ◽  
Recent Developments

The fourth annual report prepared for the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was divided into three sections, dealing respectively with 1) recent developments in the structure and pattern of international trade, 2) developments in commercial policy, and 3) the principal activities of the Contracting Parties during the period under review. International trade during 1955, the report stated, had established new records both in value and in volume; in the first half of the year, the value of world exports had exceeded $80,000 million (at an annual rate), and in the second half it rose by a further $5,700 million, thus reaching a value about 13 percent above that of 1951. Taking the year as a whole, the value of world exports had been about $83,300 million. In terms of volume, the increase had been even greater, since export prices had been appreciably below the level of 1951, and in the second half of 1955 the volume of world exports had reached a level exceeding that of 1951 by 21 percent. The increase in volume had also represented a further acceleration in the speed of its growth. There had been three major developments in international trade in 1955, the report stated: 1) the rise in value of world exports in 1955 again had been mainly accounted for by trade among industrial countries, while the relative importance of the non-industrial areas had continued to decline; 2) the increase in the export trade of the industrial countries in 1955 had been shared by North America and by the other industrial areas, the revival of North America's exports being due largely to a growing dependence of western Europe on supplies of raw material and fuels from that source; and 3) in 1955, many industrial countries had relied more heavily on imports from the most economic sources of supply, and had therefore adopted more liberal import policies.

Synthesis of Fly Ash-Based Zeolite and its Research Progress in Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 277-287
Author(s):  
Xin Yu Li ◽  
Dong Dong Guan ◽  
Jing Zhe Xu ◽  
Nan Zhe Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
The Development Trend

Fly ash is the most common solid waste in the industry, and its high value-added utilization has become a hot issue of study. Carrying out the green synthesis route of zeolite as the raw material of fly ash has become an extremely important scientific significance and practical value. In this paper, the research progress of fly ash-based zeolite was introduced from three aspects, including fly ash activation method, fly ash-based zeolite synthesis method and fly ash-based zeolite in the wastewater treatment sector. The relevant applications of fly ash-based zeolite as an adsorbent material in the treatment of wastewater pollution were summarized, and the development trend has prospected.

scholarly journals Land Application of Biosolids in Europe: Possibilities, Con-Straints and Future Perspectives

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Andrea Gianico ◽  
Camilla Maria Braguglia ◽  
Agata Gallipoli ◽  
Daniele Montecchio ◽  
Giuseppe Mininni
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
A Value ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Agricultural Use

The agricultural use of good quality sludge represents a value-added route to ensure growth sustainability in Europe, where raw material availability, for example, for phosphorus, is insufficient to meet demand. However, the possible presence of pathogens, pharmaceuticals and heavy metals requires specific regulations to minimize sludge-related health issues and environmental risks. The current regulation on sludge agricultural use applied by many EU countries is here presented and compared, highlighting scarce harmonization of the legislative framework among Member States. Actual issues, such as the fate of emerging micropollutants and microplastics in sludge-amended soils, and public health concerns regarding sludge spreading during the COVID-19 epidemic, are considered, too.

scholarly journals Hayami method application: A value-added analysis of rice crackers industry in ex-residency of Madiun

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
M T Sundari ◽  
Setyowati ◽  
R K Adi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Working Hour ◽  
Rice Processing

Abstract This study aimed to determine the value-added of rice processing into rice crackers in the Ex-Residency of Madiun, East Java. Three areas (Ponorogo Regency, Magetan Regency, and Madiun City) well-known as rice crackers producers were chosen as the locations. The sample in this study was selected purposively. The result shows that the average value-added per raw material was Rp 2,210.57/kg with an average of 946.67 kg/month for raw material used. Using the Hayami method, the average value-added was Rp 14,206.33 per working hour. Rice crackers SMEs are advised to continue to improve efficiency, especially in terms of cost and the use of raw materials to further increase the value-added.

scholarly journals Assessing the potential impact of a biorefinery product from sawmill residues on the profitability of a hardwood value chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Hassegawa ◽  
Nancy Gélinas ◽  
Daniel Beaudoin ◽  
Alexis Achim
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
A Value ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Potential Impact

Due to the high amount of low-quality hardwoods harvested during selection cuts, the forest industry has been facing a decline in profit margins. One possible solution for utilizing the low-quality raw material is the production of extracts. The objective of this work was to estimate to what extent the inclusion of betulin in the traditional wood products portfolio could extend the profitability of a hardwood value chain. The profitability of a selection cut was assessed from the sawmill perspective, followed by an evaluation of the potential financial gain of producing betulin. Finally, the inclusion of betulin in a value chain was assessed. Results showed that the profitability of selection cuts was very low in some forest stands. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that, among selected costs and revenues, profit was more sensitive to variations in the value of coproducts. If a fraction of coproducts volume was used to extract betulin, it would be sufficient to generate enough revenue to offset the total costs; however, a major constraint was the small size of the current betulin market, with annual sales not exceeding 1000 kg. Despite that, results demonstrate the potentially strong contribution of high value added extracts to the profitability of the forest value chain.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND MARKETING OF COCONUT FLOUR FROM COCONUT MILK RESIDUE

CORD ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Divina D. Bawalan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Value Added ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Iso 14000 ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Value Added Products

Recent developments in the world market such as the General Agreements on Tariff and Trade (GATT), quality management systems (ISO 9000), environmental management systems (ISO 14000), etc. force industries to re-evaluate their existing products and manufacturing systems and procedures. Suddenly, being ISO certified has become both the tool and the badge for the goal of global competitiveness. It is a well known fact that to be globally competitive and to be ISO certified, one must be able to produce quality products at the least cost and with the least waste of materials.  This can be done by producing more value-added products from a single raw material with the least inputs.

scholarly journals Potential of Zeolite and Algae in Biomass Immobilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Amirebrahim Emami Moghaddam ◽  
Razif Harun ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Rabitah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Biomass Immobilization ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Value Added Products

The interest in utilizing algae for wastewater treatment has been increased due to many advantages. Algae-wastewater treatment system offers a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and flocculation. In this biosystem, algae can assimilate nutrients in the wastewater for their growth and simultaneously capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis resulting in a decrease in the greenhouse gaseousness. Furthermore, the algal biomass obtained from the treatment process could be further converted to produce high value-added products. However, the recovery of free suspended algae from the treated effluent is one of the most important challenges during the treatment process as the current methods such as centrifugation and filtration are faced with the high cost. Immobilization of algae is a suitable approach to overcome the harvesting issue. However, there are some drawbacks with the common immobilization carriers such as alginate and polyacrylamide related to low stability and toxicity, respectively. Hence, it is necessary to apply a new carrier without the mentioned problems. One of the carriers that can be a suitable candidate for the immobilization is zeolite. To date, various types of zeolite have been used for the immobilization of cells of bacteria and yeast. If there is any possibility to apply them for the immobilization of algae, it needs to be considered in further studies. This article reviews cell immobilization technique, biomass immobilization onto zeolites, and algal immobilization with their applications. Furthermore, the potential application of zeolite as an ideal carrier for algal immobilization has been discussed.

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