Microwave Radiation Influence on Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion in a Multi-Section Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (M-SHAR)

Whey is a primary by-product of dairy plants, and one that is often difficult to manage. As whey processing units are costly and complicated, only 15–20% of whey is recycled for use in the food industry. The difficulties in managing waste whey are particularly pronounced for small, local dairy plants. One possible solution to this problem is to use advanced and efficient digesters. The aim of this study was to present an innovative multi-section hybrid anaerobic bioreactor (M-SHAR) design and to identify how microwave radiation heating (MRH) affects methane fermentation of liquid dairy waste (LDW) primarily composed of acid whey. The MRH reactor was found to perform better in terms of COD removal and biogas production compared with the convection-heated reactor. The heating method had a significant differentiating effect at higher organic load rates (OLRs). With OLRs ranging from 15 to 25 kgCOD∙m−3∙d−1, the M-SHAR with MRH ensured a 5% higher COD removal efficiency and 12–20% higher biogas yields.

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Influence of the Heating Method on the Efficiency of Biomethane Production from Expired Food Products

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7010012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Joanna Kazimierowicz ◽

Marcin Zieliński ◽

Marcin Dębowski

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Food Products ◽

Organic Load ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Anaerobic Reactors ◽

Convection Heating ◽

Load Rate ◽

Biomethane Production ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of heating with microwave electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the efficiency of the methane fermentation (MF) of expired food products (EFP). The research was inspired by the positive effect of EMR on the production of biogas and methane from different organic substrates. The experiment was carried out on a laboratory scale in fully mixed, semi-continuous anaerobic reactors. The technological conditions were as follows: temperature, 35 ± 1 °C; organic load rate (OLR), 2.0 kgVS·m−3∙d−1; and hydraulic retention time (HRT), 40 days. The source of the EMR was a magnetron (electric power, 300 W). There was no statistically significant influence of the use of EMR on the achieved technological effects of MF. The efficiency of biogas production was 710 ± 35 dm3·kgVS−1 in the variant with EMR and 679 ± 26 dm3·kgVS−1 in the variant with convection heating (CH). The methane contents were 63.5 ± 2.4% (EMR) and 62.4 ± 4.0% (CH), and the cumulative methane production after 40 days was 271.2 and 288.6 dm3CH4, respectively.

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Effect of trace metals on the anaerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids in molasses stillage

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0473 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Espinosa ◽

L. Rosas ◽

K. Ilangovan ◽

A. Noyola

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Organic Load ◽

Methanogenic Activity ◽

Cod Removal Efficiency

A laboratory UASB reactor was fed with cane molasses stillage at organic loadings from 5 to 21.5 kg COD/m3 d. With an organic load of 17.4 kg COD/m3 d, an accumulation of VFA, principally propionic acid, was observed due to little bioavailability or lack of trace metals (Fe, Ni, Co and Mo). Associated to this, the performance of the UASB reactor was low (44% COD removal efficiency), with an alkalinity ratio above 0.4. The addition of Fe (100 mg/l), Ni (15 mg/l), Co (10 mg/l) and Mo (0.2 mg/l) to the influent reduced significantly the level of propionic acid (5291mg/l to 251 mg/l) and acetic acid (1100 mg/l to 158 mg/l). The COD removal efficiency increased from 44% to 58%, the biogas production from 10.7 to 14.8 l/d (NTP) and 0.085 to 0.32 g CH4-COD/g SSV d for specific sludge methanogenic activity with propionic acid as substrate. These improved results were obtained with high COD (68.9 g/l) and organic load (21.5 kg COD/m3 d).

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The Effect of Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation on Methane Fermentation of Selected Energy Crop Species

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr10010045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Marcin Zieliński ◽

Marcin Dębowski ◽

Joanna Kazimierowicz

Keyword(s):

Microwave Radiation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Energy Crop ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Crop Species ◽

Anaerobic Reactors ◽

Biomethane Production ◽

Methane Concentrations

The aim of the present study was to determine how thermal stimulation via electromagnetic microwave radiation impacts the yields of biogas and methane produced by methane fermentation of five selected energy crop species in anaerobic reactors. The resultant performance was compared with that of reactors with conventional temperature control. The highest biogas production capacity was achieved for maize silage and Virginia mallow silage (i.e., 680 ± 28 dm3N/kgVS and 506 ± 16 dm3N/kgVS, respectively). Microwave radiation as a method of heating anaerobic reactors provided a statistically-significantly boost in methane production from maize silage (18% increase). Biomethane production from maize silage rose from 361 ± 12 dm3N/kgVS to 426 ± 14 dm3N/kgVS. In the other experimental variants, the differences between methane concentrations in the biogas were non-significant.

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Performance of up flow anaerobic sludge fixed film bioreactor for the treatment of high organic load and biogas production of cheese whey wastewater

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq131105018t ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nazila Tehrani ◽

Ghasem Najafpour ◽

Mostafa Rahimnejad ◽

Hossein Attar

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Organic Load ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Operation Temperature ◽

Fixed Film ◽

Fixed Film Bioreactor

Among various wastewater treatment technologies, biological wastewater treatment appears to be the most promising method. A pilot scale of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor was fabricated and used for the whey wastewater treatment. The top and bottom of the hybrid bioreactor known as up flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF); was a combination of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and up flow anaerobic fixed film reactor (UAFF), respectively. The effects of operating parameters such as temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biogas production in the hybrid bioreactor were investigated. Treatability of the samples at various HRTs of 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours was evaluated in the fabricated bioreactor. The desired conditions for COD removal such as HRT of 48 hours and operation temperature of 40 ?C were obtained. The maximum COD removal and biogas production were 80% and 2.40 (L/d), respectively. Kinetic models of Riccati, Monod and Verhalst were also evaluated for the living microorganisms in the treatment process. Among the above models, Riccati model was the best growth model fitted with the experimental data with R2 of about 0.99.

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Sludge deterioration in a full scale UASB reactor after a pH drop working under low loading conditions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2008.071 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 797-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Borzacconi ◽

I. López ◽

M. Passeggi ◽

C. Etchebehere ◽

R. Barcia

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Industrial Process ◽

Full Scale ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Organic Load ◽

Reactor Performance ◽

Cod Removal Efficiency

A full scale UASB reactor treating the effluent of a malting plant was operated during nearly two years. During 37 weeks of operation the reactor worked with a COD removal efficiency of 80% and a biogas production of nearly 300 m3/d with a methane content of 77%. After the start up and during these months of operation the volumetric organic load was 4 kgCOD/m3.d and the specific organic load was between 0.2–0.4 kgCOD/kgVSS.d. The sludge SMA in this period was around 0.25 kgCOD/kg VSS.d. On week 37 as a result of a problem at the industrial process the pH in the reactor dropped to a value of 4.8. After pH recovering, the reactor worked with fluctuating COD values in the exit and showed a downward trend in the COD removal efficiency. On week 81 the presence of filaments in the granules was detected. High proportion of Chloroflexi filaments were detected by FISH in the sludge. Changes in the microbial population caused by the low pH probably destabilize the reactor performance. The presence of filamentous granules in the sludge and its further growing could be encouraged by the pH drop and the low specific organic load applied to the reactor. The low specific organic load was a consequence of the high VSS content in the UASB reactor, due to the lack of purges. The length of the filaments attached to the granules grew throughout time. In order to eliminate the sludge with poor settlement properties a recycle was applied to the reactor. As a consequence, low amount of granular sludge stayed in the reactor. At the end, COD concentration in the influent reached higher values than in normal operation; at the same time a complete sludge wash out occurred. On the other hand, using the same sludge (after the recycle implementation) in a bench scale reactor the good properties of the sludge were completely recovered.

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Progress in the Production of Biogas from Maize Silage after Acid-Heat Pretreatment

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14238018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 8018

Author(s):

Anna Nowicka ◽

Marcin Zieliński ◽

Marcin Dębowski ◽

Magda Dudek

Keyword(s):

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Anaerobic Degradation ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Methane Fermentation

One of the most effective technologies involving the use of lignocellulosic biomass is the production of biofuels, including methane-rich biogas. In order to increase the amount of gas produced, it is necessary to optimize the fermentation process, for example, by substrate pretreatment. The present study aimed to analyze the coupled effects of microwave radiation and the following acids: phosphoric(V) acid (H3PO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric(VI) acid (H2SO4), on the destruction of a lignocellulosic complex of maize silage biomass and its susceptibility to anaerobic degradation in the methane fermentation process. The study compared the effects of plant biomass (maize silage) disintegration using microwave and conventional heating; the criterion differentiating experimental variants was the dose of acid used, i.e., 10% H3PO4, 10% HCl, and 10% H2SO4 in doses of 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40 g/gTS. Microwave heating caused a higher biogas production in the case of all acids tested (HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4). The highest biogas volume, exceeding 1800 L/kgVS, was produced in the variant with HCl used at a dose of 0.4 g/gTS.

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Effects of calcium concentration on up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor performance in treating bagasse spraying wastewater

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.2.4254-4269 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 4254-4269

Author(s):

Jinghong Zhou ◽

Xiaona Shang ◽

Zhiwei Wang ◽

Cancan Zhu ◽

Shuangfei Wang

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Scale Up ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Microbial Community Analysis ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Reactor Performance ◽

Anaerobic Reactor

Bagasse spraying wastewater (BSW) is a source of organic pollutants during bagasse processing. In this study, the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of BSW under different calcium concentrations (60 to 2400 mg/L) was studied. The experiment was performed in a lab-scale up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor (UMAR) inoculated with granular sludge, and operated for 160 days at a constant organic loading rate of 6 kg COD/(m3·d). Treatment of BSW with 60 to 800 mg Ca2+/L resulted in 80.7 to 82.7% of COD removal, 161 to 232.7 mg COD/L of volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield, 0.56 to 0.79 m3/(kgCOD·d) of biogas production rate, and 2.4 to 2.66 m3/(m3·d) of volume loading rate (VLR). The pH remained within the optimal range for anaerobic digestion (adjust to pH = 6.8 to 7.0). The VFAs were composed of 77 to 85% acetic acid, 8.4 to 13.2% butyric acid, and 6.6 to 9.6% propionic acid. At higher influent calcium concentrations (> 800 mg/L), the hydrolysis process appeared to be inhibited, affecting the anaerobic digestion performance of the reactor. In particular, the COD removal efficiency decreased to 55.5%, and the VFA content in the effluent significantly increased due to the lower pH. Microbial community analysis showed that at the end of anaerobic digestion, the Syntrophobacter disappeared, and Clostridium and Anerolineaceae were the main genus and family, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that low calcium (< 300 mg/L) had a positive effect on the UMAR performance.

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Complementary Substrates-Brewery Wastewater and Piggery Effluent—Assessment and Microbial Community Profiling in a Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4364

Author(s):

Ana Eusébio ◽

André Neves ◽

Isabel Paula Marques

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Organic Load ◽

Process Stability ◽

Brewery Wastewater ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

Community Profiling ◽

Load Increase ◽

Acetoclastic Methanogenesis

A hybrid anaerobic reactor was operated under the complementary effluents concept to reduce the unbalanced/inhibitory capacity of the provided piggery effluent. Brewery wastewater was chosen to complement piggery effluent (60:40% v/v, respectively). The HRT reduction from 6.7 to 3.0 days allowed the testing of an organic load increase from 4.5 to 10.0 g COD/L·d, which resulted in the almost doubling of biogas production. Biogas volumes (1.2 and 2.1 L/L·d, respectively) associated with its quality (>77% CH4) revealed that the hybrid anaerobic reactor responded positively to the operational changes and that piggery effluent can be advantageously digested using the brewery wastewater as the complementary effluent. The unit bottom and the packing bed were the main functional sections recognized in the hybrid. At the beginning of anaerobic digestion, bacterial populations belonged mostly to Bacteroidales (33%) and Clostridiales (35%). The process stability and the biogas quality at 3-d HRT were related to a change in the structure composition, since Flavobacteriales (18%), Bacillales (7%), Pseudomonadales (11%) and members of the Alcaligenaceae family (5%) also integrated the microbial communities. An evident change had also occurred in archaeal populations at this phase. Methanosaeta became the dominant genus (95%), confirming that acetoclastic methanogenesis was the main way for methane production.

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Improvement of purification technology of the liquid waste from fermentation production

Environmental Problems ◽

10.23939/ep2021.01.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Galina Krusir ◽

◽

Olga Sagdeeva ◽

Alfred Tsykalo ◽

Yuliia Vilhovska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Disposal ◽

Food Industry ◽

Large Scale ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Energy Crisis ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Urgent Task

One of the areas of waste disposal of fermentation industries is anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, which becomes increasingly attractive for researchers not only because of the global energy crisis but also the environmental one. Biogas production is based on methane fermentation fundamentally different from other types of fermentation, which creates certain difficulties in its implementation on a large scale. Therefore, the development of innovative energy and resource-saving technologies for the processing of liquid waste from fermentation industries is an urgent task for the development of the domestic food industry. The aim of the work is to develop, theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the technology of processing liquid waste from fermentation plants.

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Biogas Production From Co Digestion of Automotive Wastewater And Synthetic Wastewater in Anaerobic Reactor

Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September - International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ◽

10.38124/ijisrt20may964 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1954-1959

Author(s):

Uzana Ismail ◽

Zaifah Che Wil ◽

Syazwani Idrus

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

Mechanical Agitator

The purpose of this study is to investigate the biogas potential from automotive wastewater codigested with Synthetic wastewater treated in anaerobic reactor. This experiment was run by continuously mixed with mechanical Agitator stirring tank reactor and were established under mesophilic condition at temperature of 38°C. The source of inoculum used in this study were obtained from sewage treatment plant. The experiment was analyzed based on COD removal and biogas production in relation with parameters such as pH, organic loading rate, alkalinity and effect of Zinc and Copper which runs on automotive wastewater. From the result obtains, the reactor condition was unstable during mono digestion of automotive wastewater which aligned with indication of decreasing biogas production, low pH value below 6.0 and low COD removal with value of 63.4%. However, the reactors become stable during co digestion of automotive wastewater with Synthetic wastewater with 0.12 g/L/d OLR and with highest methane production 0.140 L of CH4 / day. The findings illustrate the nutrient available in Synthetic wastewater could enhance the synergistic effect in co digestion with automotive wastewater and therefore resulted with the highest COD removal rates.

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