scholarly journals Sources of Bathing Water Pollution in the West Coast of Tangier, Morocco: Effects of Industrial Zones

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Khalil Cherif ◽  
Farida Salmoun ◽  
Nordine Nouayti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
West Coast ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The West ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Zones

This study was carried out in the Boukhalef River which reaches the western coastal waters of Tangier, Morocco, loaded with wastewaters from two industrial zones: Tangier Free Zone and Gzenaya Zone. To understand the extensive impact of these industrial zones on Jbila and Sidikacem beaches located near the Boukhalef River mouth, water and sediment samples of the Boukhalef River were examined in terms of physical–chemical and heavy metal parameters, respectively. The results showed high values of conductivity (Cond), biochemical oxygen demand in five days (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are the causes for the very bad quality status of the Boukhalef River waters. The application of principal component analysis on the heavy metal results of Boukhalef waters and sediments showed that samples were characterized by a load of heavy metals, seemingly of the same anthropogenic origin. This analytical survey demonstrated a relationship between the bathing water quality and industrial discharge. Indeed, industrial zones represent a strong source of pollution in the west coast of Tangier, Morocco.

scholarly journals Determination of Bathing Water Quality Using Thermal Images Landsat 8 on the West Coast of Tangier: Preliminary Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 972 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Khalil Cherif ◽  
Farida Salmoun ◽  
Francisco Javier Mesas-Carrascosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
West Coast ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
The West ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Bathing water quality has been monitored in the west coast of Tangier, Morocco due to increased urban and industrial discharge through the Boukhalef river, using in-situ bacteriological measurements which demand high economical and temporal costs. In this study, Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images were used as an alternative to the classical method, for determining bathing water quality to help decision makers obtain up-to-date and cost-effective information for coastal environment protection. For this purpose, during spring and summer 2017, seven sampling points were examined in terms of bacteriological parameters: Total Coliforms (TC), Faecal Coliforms (FC), Intestinal Enterococci (IE) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Also, a spatial-temporal analysis was performed in this temporal window to detect temperature anomalies and their spatial distribution along the coastal bathing area. In addition, a relationship between in-situ bacteriological parameter measurements and temperature from satellite images was analyzed. The results of the water temperature distribution showed the highest values next to the Boukhalef river mouth, as well as the poorest water quality according to in-situ measurements, while lower values and better water quality status were observed moving away from the Boukhalef river mouth. The relationship between water temperature and bacterial concentration showed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.85). Consequently, the model development approaches used may be useful in estimating bacterial concentration in coastal bathing areas and can serve to create a monitoring system to support decision makers in the protection actions of the coast.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic Consequences on Coastal Water Quality Using WST Sentinel-3 Data: Case of Tangier, Morocco

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2638
Author(s):  
El Khalil Cherif ◽  
Martin Vodopivec ◽  
Nezha Mejjad ◽  
Joaquim C.G. Esteves da Silva ◽  
Simona Simonovič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Surface Temperature ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

The west coast of Tangier, in northern Morocco, has been affected by industrial wastewater discharge that reaches the ocean through the Boukhalef river. Therefore, the Jbila and Sidikacem beaches near to the Boukhalef river mouth have been classified as polluted for many years. With the aim of determining the COVID-19 pandemic consequences on the Tangier coastal environment, a linear model using Sentinel 3 water surface temperature (WST) has been tested in several locations. Data from April 2019 and April 2020, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic related emergency status in Morocco, were compared. The results from April 2019 showed high WST values and consequently, the poorest water quality in the sites closest to the Boukhalef river mouth. On the other hand, the results from April 2020 showed normal WST values and high water quality in the same study area. These results illustrate the usefulness of Sentinel 3 WST for the estimation of bathing water quality on the west coast of Tangier. The study shows the positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic consequences on the coastal environment quality in the study area and indicates the importance of decreasing the industrial discharge on the west coast of Tangier. The same methodology could be used in decision-making processes and to reduce cost, time and human resources for coastal monitoring systems. We demonstrate the potential of using the Sentinel 3 data for coastal waters monitoring, as well as the need for stricter controls of pollutant discharges into the world’s rivers.

Treatment of stormwater to bathing water quality by dissolved air flotation, filtration and ultraviolet disinfection

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lainé ◽  
T. Poujol ◽  
S. Dufay ◽  
J. Baron ◽  
P. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Pollution Removal ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

For the first time, a process for the treatment of urban stormwater has been designed in order to obtain treated water suitable for bathing activities. The degree of pollution removal is taken as far as the microbiological disinfection of the final effluent. This process, which combines air flotation, filtration and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, has been tested at the pilot plant level in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The removal efficiency obtained on total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) through the flotation stage is close to 90% or better. The flotation facility has proved to be perfectly adapted to urban stormwater treatment with a maximal efficiency in the first minute of operation and with a TSS residual concentration consistently about 45 mg/L regardless of the variations in polluting loads entering the process. This is essential when taking into consideration the extreme variability of this load during rainfall. Sand filtration with a continuous washing system prevents operational interruptions during rainfall events. The UV disinfection process allows the microbiological contamination of the effluent to be reduced to a level in compliance with the regulations that define the quality of bathing water.

Use of constructed wetland to protect bathing water quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coombes ◽  
P. J. Collett
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Quality Of Waters ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

The European Bathing Water Directive imposes strict limits on the bacterial quality of waters used by the public for bathing. At Thurlestone the site chosen for the sewage treatment works needed to improve bathing water quality is adjacent to a site of special scientific interest (SSSI), into which the treated effluent discharges. The effluent is required to be of a high bacteriological quality to protect the bathing water and high chemical quality to protect the SSSI. South West Water Services (SWWS) in conjunction with their consultants, WS Atkins, designed and installed a horizontal flow Phragmites australis reed bed to give tertiary treatment to the effluent from a trickling filter plant. The media for the reed bed consists of crushed basalt and limestone chippings to try to maximise the phosphate removal from the effluent. The reed bed has been in operation for two years and produced an effluent of excellent quality soon after it was commissioned. Particular attention has been paid to bacteria removal. Total and faecal coliform removal have averaged two logs. Suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand have averaged less than 5 mg/l in the effluent, with removals greater than 75%. Ammoniacal nitrogen has averaged less than 2 mg/l. The bathing water into which the effluent eventually discharges has not failed the Directive criteria since the works was commissioned.

Holocene environmental change inferred from multiple proxies in the mouth of Gomso Bay on the west coast of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Song ◽  
Sangheon Yi ◽  
Tae-Soo Chang ◽  
Jin-Cheul Kim ◽  
Limi Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
Depositional Process ◽  
Gomso Bay

AbstractA sediment core (14DH-C01) obtained from the mouth of Gomso Bay, on the west coast of South Korea, was used to obtain high-resolution palynomorph, grain-size, and14C age data to investigate the Holocene sedimentary environment. The results indicated a transgressive depositional process with four stages controlled by sea-level change, as follows: river-dominated fluvial deposition from the early Holocene to 8.48 cal ka BP; tide-dominated tidal channel fill transgression from 8.48 to 8.08 cal ka BP; tide- to wave-dominated tidal channel fill transgression from 8.08 to 6.98 cal ka BP; and wave-dominated marine transgression from 6.98 cal ka BP to the present. Tidal channel filling was the primary mid-Holocene depositional process, accounting for the high sedimentation rate observed. The different hydrodynamics of the river-dominated, tide-dominated, tide- to wave-dominated, and wave-dominated processes following the changes in sea level may have controlled the transgressive depositional process. This transgressive sedimentary model differs from those of other large river mouth areas (e.g., the Changjiang River) since the mid-Holocene, perhaps resulting from the limited sediment supply in the study area.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Padatan Tersuspensi terhadap Konsentrasi Klorofil-a dan Fosfat Inorganik Terlarut di Muara Banjir Kanal Barat, Semarang

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Jarot Marwoto ◽  
Oceana Windyartanti ◽  
Muslim Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The West ◽  
Inorganic Particles

The large number of activities along the West Banjir Kanal river has triggered a change in the condition of its sea waters. The condition most affected is turbidity which caused high concentration of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in estuary waters and interfere with the entry of sunlight into the waters. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the of concentration TSS on the concentration chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) in the waters of West Banjir Kanal estuary. Water sampling was conducted on October 3, 2019. Water quality parameters such as brightness, pH, temperature, DO and salinity were measured in situ. Meanwhile, chlorophyll a, TSS and DIP measurements were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the highest concentration of TSS, chlorophyll a and DIP were in the estuary area and decreased with further distance from the river mouth with concentration were 70.17-151.50 mg/L, 0.03–2.67 µg/L and 0.71–0.98 µM respectively. Based on the results of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that TSS affected chlorophyll a by 8.7% (r=0.392; p<0.05) and DIP by 54.46% (r=0.931; p<0.01). The low regression between TSS and chlorophyll a was due to the presence of large amounts of inorganic particles in the West Banjir Kanal river, which makes the river waters become turbid. So, the turbidity of the waters caused the release of phosphate in the sediment to water column which was used by phytoplankton for photosynthesis, so the TSS not only contain sediment particles, but also phytoplankton. Banyaknya aktivitas di sepanjang sungai Banjir Kanal Barat Semarang, memicu kondisi perairan lautnya menjadi berubah.  Kondisi yang paling terpengaruh adalah kekeruhan yang menyebabkan tingginya konsentrasi Material Padatan Tersuspensi (MPT) di perairan muara dan mengganggu masuknya cahaya matahari ke perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh MPT terhadap konsentrasi klorofil-a dan fosfat inorganik terlarut (DIP=Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate) di perairan Muara Banjir Kanal Barat Semarang. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada tanggal 3 Oktober 2019. Parameter kualitas perairan seperti kecerahan, pH, suhu, DO dan salinitas diukur secara in situ. Sedangkan pengukuran klorofil-a, MPT dan DIP dianalisis di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi MPT, klorofil-a dan DIP tertinggi di daerah muara sungai dan menurun dengan makin jauhnya muara sungai dengan konsentrasi secara berturut-turut sebesar 70,17-151,50 mg/L, 0,03-2,67 µg/L dan 0,71-0,98 µM. Berdasarkan hasil Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) menunjukkan bahwa MPT mempengaruhi klorofil-a sebesar 8,7% (r = 0,392; P < 0,05) dan fosfat inorganik terlarut sebesar 54,46% (r = 0,931; P < 0,01). Rendahnya hubungan antara MPT dengan klorofil-a ini disebabkan oleh adanya masukan partikel anorganik dalam jumlah besar di badan Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat yang membuat perairan sungai menjadi keruh. Jadi kekeruhan perairan menyebabkan terlepasnya fosfat di sedimen yang dimanfaatkan oleh fitoplankton untuk proses fotosintesa, sehingga yang terkandung dalam MPT selain partikel sedimen juga fitoplankton.

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