scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Agroforestry on Controlling Soil Degradation by Water Erosion in the Agricultural Lands of Foothills North-West of Dahra (Mostaganem, Algeria)

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamadi ◽  
Larid ◽  
Gómez ◽  
Ouabel
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical

Located in the North-West of Algeria, the foothills of Dahra are affected by the problems of water erosion where agricultural soils are under severe degradation due to the mismatch influence between a semi-arid climate and the prevailing cropping systems presenting a threat to sustainable rural development in the region. After a survey on the field, a localization and prioritization of different agroforestry systems (AFS) practiced, an overview bioclimatic and physico-chemical analyzes of soil has been made for comparison between systems. The results show that in the absence of systems with consistent vegetation cover, the foothills soils located on slopes even weak undergoing a harmful human activities have become the prey of rainwater. Given that it doesn't exist at agricultural exploitations level a miracle system for the development and the soils and water management, the association of trees with crops (AFS) allowed in certain situations to improve soils protection, their humidity, their fertility and the socioeconomic situation of farmers. As well, the analysis of statements on the tree resource of agricultural exploitations we has allowed to assess the agroforestry systems efficiency awaited, considering their inappropriate management. As the fight against water erosion is only an aspect of soils and water conservation, the agroforestry considered in its largest sense must contain at the same time, the control of water erosion by a permanent plant cover, the maintaining soils fertility and the biodiversity to ensure a sustainable foothills agriculture which depends on the maintenance of rural populations.

scholarly journals COMPARAISON DES RESULTATS DE L’APPROCHE PAP/CAR ET LE MODELE USLE DANS LA CARTOGRAPHIE ET L’ESTIMATION QUALITATIVE DE L’EROSION HYDRIQUE DANS LE BASSIN VERSANT DE L’OUED AMLIL, (PRERIF - MAROC).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hili Aiman ◽  
Yahia El Khalki ◽  
Hanane Reddad ◽  
Jaouad Gartet ◽  
Mohamed Abahrour
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Natural Data ◽  
Bassin Versant ◽  
Very High

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de nuestro estudio sobre la cartografía y la estimación de la erosión del agua utilizando dos tipos de métodos. El primero es el del PAP/RAC 1998 que actúa en el marco del Plan de Acción para el Mediterráneo (PAM) del PNUMA, el segundo es el del modelo empírico de WISCHMEIER y SMITH 1978 (USLE).En la cuenca del Oued Amlil (153,7 km²) situada al noroeste de Taza (noreste de Marruecos) se dan todas las condiciones para que se desencadene y se acelere la erosión hídrica, las formaciones litológicas margosas blandas e impermeables (71,5%), una cobertura vegetal muy limitada (13,2%) y unas precipitaciones agresivas e intensas. El análisis de los datos naturales de la cuenca por el método PAP/CAR ha identificado cinco tipos principales de erosión (erosión muy alta 23%, erosión alta 48%, la clase de erosión significativa representa el 22%, 6% y 1% para las clases de erosión baja y muy baja respectivamente. Luego, las pérdidas de suelo fueron estimadas por el método USLE, los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar sectores a escala de cuenca donde las pérdidas tienen valores altos de 62.3% (alto riesgo entre 66 y 102 t/ha/año (34%), y muy altos (26.2%) entre 102 y 355.6 t/ha/año) This work presents the results of our study on mapping and estimating water erosion using two types of methods. The first is that of PAP/RAC 1998 acting within the framework of the UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), the second is that of the empirical model of WISCHMEIER and SMITH 1978 (USLE). In the catchment area of the Oued Amlil (153.7 km²) located to the North-West of Taza (North-East Morocco), all the conditions for triggering and accelerating water erosion are present, soft and impermeable marl lithological formations (71.5%), very limited vegetation cover (13.2%), and aggressive and intense rainfall. The analysis of the natural data of the watershed by the PAP/CAR method has identified five main types of erosion (very high erosion 23%, high erosion 48%, notable erosion class represents 22%, 6% and 1% for low and very low erosion classes respectively. Then, soil losses were estimated by the USLE method, the results obtained allow the identification of sectors at the basin scale where the losses have high values 62.3% (high risk between 66 and 102 t/ha/year (34%), and very high (26.2%) between 102 and 355.6 t/ha/year). Le présent travail expose les résultats de notre étude concernant la cartographie et l’estimation de l’érosion hydrique selon deux types de méthodes. La première, est celle de PAP/CAR 1998 agisse dans le cadre du Plan d'action pour la Méditerranée (PAM) du PNUE, la seconde est celle du modèle empirique de WISCHMEIER et SMITH 1978 (USLE). Dans le bassin versant de l’Oued Amlil (153.7 km²) situé au Nord-Ouest de Taza (Nord-Est du Maroc), toutes les conditions de déclenchement et d’accélération de l’érosion hydrique sont présentent, des formations lithologiques marneuses tendres et imperméables (71.5%), un couvert végétal très limité (13.2%), et des précipitations agressives et intenses. L'analyse des données naturelles du bassin versant par la méthode de PAP/CAR a permis d’identifier cinq principaux types d’érosion (érosion très élevée 23%, 48% pour l’érosion élevée, la classe d’érosion notable représente 22%, 6% et 1% pour les classes d’érosion faibles et très faible respectivement. Ensuite, les pertes en sol ont été estimées par la méthode d’USLE, les résultats obtenus permettent l’identification des secteurs à l’échelle du bassin où les pertes connaissent des valeurs élevées 62.3% (risque forte entre 66 et 102 t/ha/an (34%), et très fort (26.2%) entre 102 et 355.6 t/ha/an).

Physico-chemical characterization of the soils of the watersheds of Boukombe in North-West Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 035-054
Author(s):  
Kombienou Pocoun Damè
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Infertile Soils

This study addresses the specificities of soils in low-income countries. These infertile soils are characterized by low levels of agricultural productivity and the disappearance of long-term fallow, which is gradually giving way to shorter-term fallow and sedentary agriculture. The overall objective was to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils of the Boukombe watersheds in the north-west of Atacora in Benin. Soil studies of 15 farm sites from which soils were sampled at the [0-20] cm horizon with 30 composite samples and statistical analyzes were performed. The results of particle size analysis showed predominance (68%) of a textural dimorphism with a sandy loam character and a relatively stable structure. The soils are generally acidic (pH ≤ 5), sodium in places and poor in Organic Matter (0.3%), particularly in the plateau. Mountain lands have soils richer in OM (4%), but poor in nitrogen with a content of between [0.02-0.14%], the C / N ratio at 3% lower than 12. The contents nutrients and minerals are accumulated at the bottom of slopes (2.23% carbon, 0.14% nitrogen) and at the top of slopes (14ppm of phosphorus) under Fonio. These soils remain in a fragile state, subjecting them to the process of intense erosion. The degradation, silting up and progressive acidification of soils constitute the main constraints of agricultural production, the solution of which is based on restoring their fertility by rehabilitating dikes and removing silt.

scholarly journals Challenges and Prospects of Sustaining Donor-Funded Projects in Rural Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6990
Author(s):  
Gregory Nguh Muluh ◽  
Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi ◽  
Ngwa Kester Azibo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

For more than five decades, developing countries (including Cameroon) have been primary beneficiaries of donor-funded projects targeting many sectors, including agriculture and rural development. Cameroon’s rural landscape witnessed a series of project interventions which emphasized sustainability. Although research efforts have been directed towards understanding the planning, implementation and impacts of donor-funded projects, not enough scientific information exists on the determinants, challenges and prospects of sustaining donor-funded projects in rural communities in Cameroon. For this study, the Investment Fund for Communal and Agricultural Micro-projects (FIMAC I) scheme, was used to diagnose the determinants, challenges and prospects for sustaining development projects in the North West Region (NWR) of Cameroon. A representative sample of 150 beneficiaries drawn from 20 farming groups in the NWR was conducted, to generate data which was complemented by interviews. The binary logistic regression results reveal the following: Although there is a significant change in the level of incomes for the FIMAC I project beneficiaries, its sustainability (mirrored through continuity) is dependent upon a myriad of socio-economic factors including family size, length of stay in the community, gender, education and the status of the beneficiary. Furthermore, the less transparent loan application process and the lack of collateral security were the main challenges faced by project beneficiaries. We argue that the introduction of soft loans with minimal demands for collateral security could increase beneficiary participation in projects, while beneficiary groups should further diversify their sources of capital and productive activities. The study does not only contribute to existing theoretical constructs on sustainable rural development, but also makes a succinct request for future studies to unbundle the conditions, under which donor-funded projects are rendered sustainable in rural contexts.

Water Quality Analysis in Wetlands Freshwater: Common Floodplain of Jijia-Prut Rivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Romanescu ◽  
Madalina Pascal ◽  
Alin Mihu Pintilie ◽  
Cristian Constantin Stoleriu ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Water resources in the Jijia catchment basin are limited and often polluted. The catchment basin of Jijia is situated in northeastern Romania and it crosses the Moldavian Plain on the north-west-south-east direction. The purpose of the present study is to analyze 26 physico-chemical parameters providing the annual and multiannual water quality index. Two water-sampling points were selected: Jijia-Victoria [S.1] and Jijia-Opriseni [S.2]. The high values of nitrates are caused by the use of nitrogen-based chemical fertilizers and of manure. Contamination with nitrites (N-NO2-) and nitrates (N-NO3-) of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the floodplain of Jijia is still high because of agricultural and zootechnical activities. The phosphorus within freshwater habitats is a consequence of anthropogenic pressure: improper storage of animal waste and/or use of phosphates-based fertilizers. Global water quality index (WQi) shows that both monitoring stations are included in the Medium high class.

Diversity and characteristics of yeasts from water sources in the North West Province, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
D. A. B. Van Wyk ◽  
C. C. Bezuidenhout ◽  
O. H. J. Rhode
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Cryptococcus Spp

Yeasts form an important part of ecosystems. Yeast biodiversity in the North West Province, South Africa, remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and characteristics of yeasts from water sources in the North West Province. Yeasts were isolated from four rivers and an inland lake. Various parameters were measured to determine the physico-chemical quality of the water. Isolation was done on yeast-malt-extract (YM) agar and identified using biological methods. Physico-chemical parameters were within a target water quality range for various water uses. Yeasts were detected at 22 of the 23 sampling sites. Levels ranged from 3 to 8,680 cfu/L and were broadly divided into pigmented and non-pigmented yeasts. Pigmented yeasts could potentially be an indication of pollution, while non-pigmented yeasts could potentially be pathogenic species. Levels of yeasts could be statistically associated with some physico-chemical parameters. A large percentage of isolated yeasts could grow at temperatures ranging from 4 to 40 °C. Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula spp. and Zygosaccharomyces spp. were identified. Our results provide preliminary information on the distribution and diversity of yeasts in water sources in the North West Province.

scholarly journals Evaluation De L’impact De La Pollution Agricole Sur La Qualite Des Eaux Souterraines De La Nappe Du Gharb

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouderka Nouzha ◽  
Souid Ahmed Kacem ◽  
Lakhili Ferdaouss ◽  
Lahrach Abrerrahim ◽  
Benabdelhadi Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Underground Water ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
North West ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Eaux Souterraines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metallic Contamination

The Gharb plain is located in the North West of Morocco and corresponds to a vast plain of the Sebou watershed. It includes an irrigable perimeter of a 250,000 ha, of which more than 120,000 ha are designed as big hydraulics to meet the drinking water and irrigation needs of the region. The intensification of agriculture in this region leads to a significant use of phytosanitary products, which can impact the physico-chemical quality of the Gharb groundwater. To assess this quality we proceeded to the analysis of the physico-chemical parameters (pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, sodium, potassium, nitrates, ammonium, and orthophosphates) and the study of the metallic contamination of waters of 17 wells located in the region of Sidi Kacem-Sidi Slimane. The results of performed analysis, revealed a pollution of an agricultural origin. This is confirmed by the maximum levels of chlorides, which exceed 2,734 mg/l, thereby explaining the high conductivity levels (5000 μ/cm). Nevertheless, a lithological influence cannot be excluded. The nitrate levels (160 mg/l) indicate a nitric pollution of underground waters. The heavy metals measured showed a metallic contamination exceeding the norms of lead and aluminium concentration, elements which may have their origin in fertilizers undergoing an excessive use in the area. These results confirm the impact of the agricultural intensification in the degradation of the quality of the underground water of the Gharb region.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics and therapeutic potential of Chutrun thermal springs in Shigar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Farhat ◽  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Foqia Faisal ◽  
Iqra Batool ◽  
Mafia Noreen
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Thermal Springs ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Shigar Valley ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

AbstractCurrent studies were performed to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and therapeutic potential of Chutrun thermal springs located in the North-west of Shigar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan). Thermal springs with different mineral contents have been used by people for bathing and health purposes since old timings. The mineral water of these springs contains elements like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium as chlorides, fluorides, sulphates, phosphates and bicarbonates which may be responsible for cure of various diseases. Chutrun hot springs have 7.21–7.8 pH, 40–42° C Temperature, 300–310 ppm TDS, 3.1–6.7 ppm DO, 278–285 ppm hardness, 1.62–2.42 ppm turbidity, 250–260 ppm alkalinity, 500–516 ppm conductivity, 12–18 ppm sodium, 3.8–4.1 ppm potassium, 80–82 ppm calcium, 20 ppm magnesium, 9.6–12 ppm chlorides, 3.4–3.9 fluorides, 260–282 bicarbonates and 80–85 ppm sulphates. Absence of E.Coli and faecal coliforms indicated that waters from thermal springs are free from organic wastes contaminations. Water from thermal springs of Chutrun was unsuitable for drinking purposes due to the presence of high fluoride content and also small amount of total coliforms which may be due to the presence of environmental bacteria and non-protective measures during sampling but it was found suitable for bathing and other body contact activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Indigenous Cultivation Practices on Soil Conservation in the Hilly Semiarid Areas of Western Sudan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla I. A. Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim M. Eldoma ◽  
Elsadig ElMahdi A. H. Elaagip ◽  
Fujiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
Indigenous Conservation ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In dry regions, it is customary for farmers to use soil water conservation and/or water harvesting techniques. These practices have now become applicable to agriculturalists combating the adverse effects of drought on food production. In the semiarid areas of Zalingei in western Sudan, we quantified the soil erosion using traditional conservation measures, and conducted experiments in two consecutive rainy seasons (2013 and 2014). A split-split plot design was used to quantify the respective influences of each variable on reducing soil erosion: A) three gentle gradients (Slope1 (0.98%), Slope2 (1.81%), and Slope3 (3.1%)); B) two cropping systems (mono-crop and mixed-crops); and C) five indigenous conservation tillage practices—chisel ploughing (CHP), cross slope tied bonding (CSTB), contour ridge with stone bonds (CRSB), cross slope bonding (CSB), and zero tillage (ZT). Our results showed that there were significant differences between the slopes in season 2 (2014); the soil eroded at Slope3 was more than that of Slope1 and Slope2 by 71% and 27%, respectively. Over two seasons, there were no significant differences between the cropping systems. Conversely, the erosion level observed with CHP was higher than with the other practices. However, the CSTB and CSB erosion levels were only higher in season 2 when compared with those of CRSB and ZT. The study concluded that under the above conditions, the rate of soil erosion was severe and exceeded the erosion tolerance. Based on these results, in western Sudan, CRSB and ZT may be the more effective indigenous conservation practices for the protection of agricultural soils and productivity.

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