scholarly journals High Level of Energy and Protein Supplementation Effect on Feed Intake and Liveweight Gain of Bali Bulls Fed Elephant Grass

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sulendre ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
Takdir ◽  
Harper ◽  
Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
High Level ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Faecal Ph

This research was carried out on-farm at Malonas village, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia to examine the effect of high level supplementation of by-products formulated for high ME and CP. Feed intake, faecal pH and liveweight gain of Bali bulls was observed. The basal diet was elephant grass, and supplements were rice bran (RB), cassava (C), palm kernel meal (PKM), gliricidia (G) and urea. Fifty Bali bulls (weight 168±4.48 kg) were housed in individual pens for 18 weeks (2 introductory and 16 experimental) and allocated into five treatments: A= elephant grass (EG) ad libitum, B= EG offered at 1%W/d, plus 2.5%W/d mixed RB:G, (1:1), C = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed RB:PKM(1:1), D = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed C:G (1:1), E = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed C+ urea: PKM (1:1). Faecal pH was measured at weeks 3, 9 and 15. Bali bulls fed B, C, D and E, consumed supplement at the rate of 2.15, 2.19, 2.09 and 2.29 %W/d, respectively. Total feed intake was 2.47, 2.98, 2.99, 2.93, 3.13%W/d, liveweight gain was 0.30, 0.57, 0.60, 0.66, 0.69 g/d and faecal pH was 6.93, 6.76, 6.65, 6.45, 6.33 for treatment A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Supplementation increased significantly (P<0.05) total feed intake, liveweight gain, but reduced faecal pH. The highest total feed intake and liveweight gain was achieved by treatment E. It is concluded that cassava can be provided at 1.15%W/d in combination with protein supplement for high liveweight gain of Bali bulls.

scholarly journals Palm kernel meal as additive in the elephant-grass silage

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Alberto Palheta Santos ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Natália Sidrim da Silva de Souza ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Bernardes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
The Stability

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding palm kernel meal (BP) as an additive in elephant grass silage. The chemical qualitative and fermentation were analysed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, one with no BP (C) and six replications, where the averages of the results of days of closing and opening were analysed by regression analysis. We collected samples at the time of ensiling and after 190 days of storage for evaluation of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrates (total, non-fibrous, water-soluble, cellulose and hemicellulose), ash, lignin and ether extract. In aerobic phase, we collected samples for pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, fungi and yeasts. The elephant grass of this experiment showed values of 13.9% DM and 8.25% CP while the BP has 77.2% DM and 16.9% CP. The inclusion of BP had inhibited the growth of fungi and yeasts. The increase in the content of BP decreased the concentration of NH3-N. Higher concentrations of BP in silage were more stable, and the stability breaks in 72 hours, while the stability of C was 19 hours. Concentrations above 15% BP had no significant variations in pH in the aerobic phase. The inclusion of palm kernel meal at concentrations 10% to 15% can be used in silage of elephant grass, inhibiting undesired fermentation and making them more stable. Concentrations above this value may affect the nutritive value of silage by high lignin content of the additive.

scholarly journals The Effect of Corn Substitution with Palm Kernel Meal Treated by Enzyme on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Halim Natsir ◽  
Irfan Djunaidi ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
Antonius Suwanto ◽  
Esti Puspitasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The research was aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution level of corn with palm kernel meal (PKM) untreated and palm kernel meal (PKM) treated by enzyme on production performance and carcass quality of broilers. The method used in this research was experiment using nested of completely randomized design with 2 factors, the main factor was type of palm kernel meal factors consisting of PKM without enzyme (B1) and PKM by mannanase enzyme (B2), and substitution corn level L0 (without substitution), L1 (12.5%), L2 (25%), L3 (37.5%) and L4 (50%). The different among the treatments were tested by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that corn substitution with PKM untreated and PKM treated by enzymes was significantly effect (P<0.01) on feed conversion ratio (FCR), tenderness, meat cholesterol of broilers and income over feed cost (IOFC) and significant effect (P<0.05) on feed intake, but there is no significant difference on body weight, percentages of abdominal fat and water holding capacity (WHC). Furthermore, effect of level corn substitition with PKM nested to PKM untreated and PKM treated by enzyme was significantly effect (P<0.01) on feed intake, body weight, FCR, and tenderness and significant effect (P<0.05) on IOFC, but there is no effect on percentages of abdominal fat, WHC and meat cholesterol. It can be concluded that the corn substitution with PKM treated by enzymes was better than the PKM untreated on production performance and carcass quality of broilers. The optimal level of PKM untreated as corn substitution was 12.5%. While replacement with PKM treated by enzyme can be used up to 25%.

Short Communication: Energy values and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of copra meal and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Jang ◽  
Y. Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Copra Meal ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Jang, Y. D. and Kim, Y. Y. 2013. Short Communication: Energy values and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of copra meal and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 517–521. To determine energy values and coefficients of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of copra meal (CM) and palm kernel meal (PKM), 24 growing pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet and the basal diet replaced by 300 g kg−1 of either CM or PKM. Copra meal had higher CATTD of gross energy (12%), dry matter (DM; 13%), neutral detergent fiber (16%), acid detergent fiber (23%), and crude fiber (79%; P<0.05) than PKM. Copra meal had a slightly higher digestible energy (DE) value than PKM (14.08 vs. 13.01 MJ kg−1 DM; P=0.067), but metabolizable energy (ME; 13.33 vs. 12.83 MJ kg−1 DM), net energy (7.97 vs. 7.36 MJ kg−1 DM), and ME:DE ratio did not differ between CM and PKM. Therefore, compared with PKM, CM can be a better source of dietary energy in swine diets as evidenced by higher CATTD of energy and fiber components.

Effect of Palm Kernel Meal as Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Extender for Plywood Application: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei Ruey Ong ◽  
Reddy Prasad ◽  
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Najmul Kabir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical interaction of palm kernel meal (PKM) with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins in adhesive formulation by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effect of hot press on PKM extender has been investigated by FTIR and blue shift is observed due to the hot press indicating that the functional groups (such as C=O, -OH and NH) are become more free in the samples. In the case of PKM-MUF blend bonding interactions observed where, PKM played the role as an extender. Red shift of C=O and N-H groups stretching in PKM-MUF-Wood blend is observed which suggests the interaction of these functional groups through hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that PKM extender-based MUF adhesive resins have potential application for the production of exterior plywood.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

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